基于等间隔解析模态分解的风电场高频率密集度电压波动的检测论文_朱燕芳,武晓冬,朱子晴,张秀丽,石新聪

(1.国网山西省电力公司调控中心; 2.山西大学,电力工程系)

摘要:风剪切、塔影效应和偏航系统会在风电场产生3倍风机转速频率的电压波动,严重时使敏感负荷不能正常工作。针对HHT无法精确检测频率比值小于1.5的两电压波动而造成的检测误差较大这一问题,本文采用等间隔解析模态分解和Hilbert相结合的方法,详细分析了待检信号频率密集度、间隔紧密度和幅值波动率之间的关系及其对检测误差的影响,确定了能够精确检测频率密集度为0.1Hz的电压波动频率和幅值的最佳间隔紧密度,最后用该方法对某风电场实测数据进行检测,证明了该方法的有效性。

关键词:高频率密集度;电压波动;等间隔解析模态分解;波动率

Project Supported by Key Laboratory of Mining Electrical Equipment and Intelligent Control (Taiyuan University of Technology), Shanxi, China(EMI2015-5).

Abstract: wind shears, tower shadow, and yaw error can produce voltage fluctuation whose frequency is three times rotate speed of wind turbine, and the voltage fluctuation can impact on sensitive load and even not work nomally. The paper aims the problem that HHT can’t detect accurately if the frequency radio of two voltage fluctuation is less than 1.5, uses the method combined by equal interval analytical mode decomposition (EIAMD) and Hilbert, analyzes the relationship between frequency intensity, interval compactness, and fluctuation radio, also their influence on detection error, determines the best inter compactness that can precisely check the frequency and amplitude of the voltage fluctuation when frequency intensity is 0.1Hz. The data of actual measurement on wind farm have been checked by EIAMD and Hilbert, and the results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Key words: high frequency intensity; voltage fluctuation; equal interval analytical mode decomposition; fluctuation radio

引言

风电场产生的电压波动严重时会使敏感性负荷无法正常工作,产生原因主要是风能的不确定性导致输出功率波动[1-3]和风剪切、塔影效应和偏航系统所引起的3倍风机转速频率电压波动(简称3p,p为风机转速频率)[4-6]。在一定风速下,风机输出功率为恒定,功率波动为零,但仍会产生3p电压波动。一个风电场内多台风机的风速不尽相同,会围绕中心风速在公共连接点处产生一组高频率密集度的电压波动,其频率范围是1~3Hz,频率密集度最小可达0.1Hz[5,7]。因此,为了提高风电场电能质量,需要精确检测这组高频率密集度电压波动的频率和幅值。

由于HHT (Hilbert Huang Transform)能够有效检测非平稳信号而被用于检测电压波动[8,9],但其缺点是无法检测两频率之比小于1.5的高紧密度电压波动[10,11]。文献[10]采用SAX方法(Symbolic Aggregate Approximation)将信号转换为符号用于确定非平稳信号中的平稳信号边界,文献[12]采用小波变换和HHT相结合的方法对分布式电源并网系统中的谐波进行检测。以上方法都对检测两频率之比小于1.5的高紧密度信号进行了有效尝试,但其研究对象频率范围较宽,且两频率之比也远大于1。由于风电场3p电压波动各频率最小间隔在0.1Hz,两频率之比非常接近1,模态混叠现象将更加严重。

Chen和Wang于2012年提出解析模态分解(Analytical Mode Decomposition, AMD)被应用于检测紧密间隔信号的频率[13],文献[11]用于滚动轴承的故障诊断,文献[14]用于桥梁和高层建筑工作环境振动响应的参数识别。风电场的3P电压波动是被调制于工频电压中,而后者的幅值远大于前者,以上文献研究的各信号幅值相近,并未考虑两者之间的影响。

本文将采用EIAMD和Hilbert变换相结合的方法,针对风电场产生的高频率密度电压波动检测展开研究,以提高对电压波动频率和幅值的检测精度。本文首先介绍了解析模态分解的基本原理,提出了等间隔解析模态分解的算法步骤,从密集度、紧密度和波动率三个方面入手,分析了其对检测误差的影响程度,仿真和算例结果进一步验证了该方法的有效性。

1基于EIAMD的高密度电压波动检测

解析模态分解

设待测电压为 ,由 个电压波动分量 组成

特别地, 。其中 为Hilbert变换, 为截止频率的积分,对于频率不随时间变化的波动,式(3)可以简化为

图1 EIAMD+Hilbert电压波动检测方法流程

Fig.1 Voltage fluctuations detection flow of EIAMD+Hilbert

2.参数影响度分析

2.1频率密集度

3. 仿真验证

3.1 算法有效性检验

根据参数影响度分析可知,此时的频率密集度为0.9Hz,波动率为0.1。仿真结果如图2所示。由图2(a)可知,待测电压经过等间隔解析模态分解后分为13个波动分量。A7和A8分别表示频率在49.5~50Hz和50~50.5Hz区间的波动分量和,可以看出这两个区间的波动分量最强,由于50Hz正处于A7和A8的边界,被两组波动分量平分,因此幅值为0.5V。A6和A9分别对应49~49.5Hz和

(b)边际谱

图2 仿真计算结果

Fig.2 Results of simulation

50.5~51Hz的波动分量和,可以看出虽然波动幅值相比A7和A8小,但比其他的波动分量都大,其余分量波动幅值都接近0V。从图(b)中可以看出,在47~53Hz边际谱共包含3个极大值,精确检出幅值分别为:0.1、0.1和1.0V,频率分别为50.9、49.1和50Hz。由此可以得出,采用等间隔解析模态分解的方法可以精确检出电压波动的频率和幅值。

3.2 参数影响度分析

(b)检测50Hz边际谱幅值等高线

(d)检测出第一组数据边际谱幅值等高线

(e)第二组数据边际谱幅值

图4 考虑间隔基准偏移时 Hz仿真结果

Fig.4 Results of simulation on in consiferation of interval reference offset

图7 某风电场电压波动检测结果

Fig.7 Detection results of voltage fluctuations in wind farm

5. 结论

本文通过分析待测波动频率密集度、间隔紧密度和波动率对检测误差的影响得出:要想实现待测波动的精确检测,必须满足间隔密集度小于等于待测频率密集度的条件。为了进一步提高检测精度,采用间隔基准偏移的方法,并确定间隔紧密度为0.2Hz的等间隔解析模态分解可以有效避免模态混叠,计算误差最小,实现了对风电场高密集度波动的检测,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。

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收稿日期:

作者简介:

武晓东(1978),男,博士研究生,讲师,山西大学电力工程系,研究方向为电能质量分析与控制,E-mial:wuxiaodoong9871@163.com;

基金项目:

煤矿电气设备与智能控制山西省重点实验室(太原理工大学)开放基金(EMI2015-5)。

论文作者:朱燕芳,武晓冬,朱子晴,张秀丽,石新聪

论文发表刊物:《电力设备》2016年第15期

论文发表时间:2016/11/3

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基于等间隔解析模态分解的风电场高频率密集度电压波动的检测论文_朱燕芳,武晓冬,朱子晴,张秀丽,石新聪
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