张玉琼 陕西省西安市蓝田县田家炳中学 710500
完形填空是对学生综合能力应用的考察，该题型为20个空，30分，分数比例占全卷的20%，因此掌握解题技巧就会收到事半功倍的效果。
做题时一般要把好“三道关”。
“第一道关”，抛下空格快速浏览全文，重点阅读首段和末段以及段首句和段末句，其余的部分可以扫读或略读。通过这一遍阅读，从中找到一些记叙文中的主要信息，包括人物、事件以及事件发生的时间、地点、起因和结果。再把它们组合起来构成文章的主要内容，故事情节也就由此推出，在此基础上的感情线索也就不难把握。
“第二道关”是较难的一道关。在理清文章发展脉络的基础上，把握人物的感情线索，分析情感变化的轨迹，并以此为依据进行第二遍的仔细阅读，边读边猜选择正确答案。
“第三道关”主要是整体把握，检查核对。
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来看看我们最近模拟考试中的这道题：
I had been playing hockey（冰球）for about 10 years. I was always the one sitting at the end of the bench，and＿36＿got into a game. I went to all the＿37＿and showed up even when it was so＿38＿that your‘breath froze’and when the other players had decided to stay home. I felt I had＿39＿enough and thought of quitting.
I finally decided to＿40＿the news to my mom that I was leaving the team. My mom may have looked like a tiny and quiet lady but on＿41＿my words，she said，“Remember，‘A quitter never wins and a winner never quits.’Your mother didn’t raise＿42＿，so think about yourself in a＿43＿way and see yourself as a winner！”So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape，＿44＿my shot（投球）accuracy and changing my＿45＿？
Once in a match，we＿46＿our first game badly. What’s worse，one of our best players got hurt. I was sitting at my＿47＿place，at the end of the bench，when the coach came over and told me I was going＿48＿.I was nervous，excited and terrified all at the same time.
The other team was fast and I had to admit I was a little＿49＿But my mom’s words＿50＿out in my head like a church bell. Instead of being afraid，I was “pumped” and I very quickly found that all my＿51＿work wa paying off. I was as fast a skater as anyone else on the ice，and I seemed to get the＿52＿to score. The crowd went quiet. All the time I spent on the ice when everyone had gone home had＿53＿me for this moment.
Won! I won! The lesson I learned from my mom’s＿54＿has stayed with me over the years. I hear them whenever I am faced with a challenge，or whenever I＿55＿myself.
“第一道关”，快速浏览全文，把握故事情节。
从首段的首句话“I had been playing hockey（冰球）for about 10 years”我们了解到了主人公是一个冰球爱好者。然而，末句“I felt I had＿39＿enough and thought of quitting”又传递给我们一个信息——他想要放弃这个爱好。抛开后文的内容我让学生们猜测他是否最后放弃了，答案肯定是不可能，否则文章就没法继续了。通过猜测，他想放弃不外乎两个原因，即：身体原因或心理原因。继续往下读到第二段的首句“I finally decided to＿40＿the news to my mom that I was leaving the team”他要把这一想法告诉母亲。我又让学生猜测母亲的态度，同学们认为母亲肯定会鼓励他不要放弃自己的爱好，而他也一定转变了态度。“So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape,＿44＿my shot（投球） accuracy and changing my＿45＿”，后面的内容学生也基本猜出来了，他们认为这是这一类型文章的固定套路，也是陕西高考完型填空记叙文的叙事特点。通过继续阅读后几段的段首末句第三段“Once in a match，we＿46＿our first game badly”到“I was nervous，excited and terrified all at the same time”，第四段“The other team was fast and I had to admit I was a little＿49＿. But my mom’s words＿50＿out in my head like a church bell”到第五段“Won! I won！”，也逐一验证了学生们猜测的正确性。
通过第一遍的浏览阅读之后，这篇文章的基本故事情节在学生一边读一遍猜的过程中基本弄清了。
“第二道关”，在理清文章发展脉络的基础上，把握人物的感情线索，分析情感变化的轨迹。通过对故事情节的分析，可以大致分析出这篇短文中人物感情变化的轨迹。
学生在理解情感变化的基础上以此为依据进行第二遍的仔细阅读，边读边猜选择答案。学生对这篇完型的理解在正确的情感变化轨迹的指引下会发挥得更好。这就是建立在情感基础之上的完形填空做题的关键所在。
以感情线索为基础的完型填空解题策略能帮助学生们从整体把握文章的思路，对学生解题有重要意义。要提高学生完形填空的解题水平，在平时的学习实践中要有计划、有目的地训练学生加强阅读、提高速度，学会对文章进行故事情节推理和感情线索的把握。只要学生持之以恒，解题水平就一定能有所提高。
论文作者:张玉琼
论文发表刊物:《素质教育》2016年6月总第207期
论文发表时间:2016/6/29
标签：学生论文; 线索论文; 故事情节论文; 感情论文; 这一论文; 文章论文; 情感论文; 《素质教育》2016年6月总第207期论文;