追根求源——从2000年高考谈英语单项选择创新题化简法，本文主要内容关键词为：追根求源论文,英语论文,单项论文,题化简法论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
2000年高考英语单项选择题创新力度很大，特别注重在复杂的语言环境中考查考生综合运用词汇和语法知识的能力。这些试题以前置句、后置句、省略句、插入句、变化句等创新句型来增加语境和句子结构的复杂性，给考生的正确审题带来较大难度。笔者在平时教学中采用追根求源的方法帮助学生恢复复杂选择题的原句，从而达到化简的目的，取得了很好的教学效果。
一、[还原法]：所谓还原法是指将题干中的由简单句演变而来的复杂句重新还原成简单句，从而达到化简的目的。
（一）前置句、后置句还原：将前置部分和后置部分还原至通常位置
NMET 2000第27题：If you want to change for a double roomyou'll have to pay____＄15.
A.anotherB.other
C.more
D.each
析：选A。另外15美元译法为another fifteen dollors，考生们对此原本很熟悉，以前也考过类似题，但将dollars 前置并化成“＄”符号，考生们就感到比较陌生。
NMET 2000第33题：The managers discussed the plan thatthey would like to see____the next year.
A.carried outB.carrying out
C.carry out
D.to carry out
析：选A。they would like to see的宾语the plan 被前置应还原成they would like to see the plan____， 因为计划是被完成的所以应用过去分词carried out表被动，若将see去掉，答案就应选C。
NMET 2000第31题：
—How are you today？
—Oh,I____as ill as I do now for a long time.
A.didn't feel B.wasn't feeling
C.don't feel D.haven't felt
析：选D。该题将时间状语for a long time后置到now的后边， 考生们就很难知道该动作发生的正确时间，若将for a long time 还原至句首或空格后边考生就很易想到用现在完成时。
（二）省略句还原：将省略句补全还原成完整句
NMET 2000第22题：I don't think I'll need any money butI'll bring some____.
A.at last B.in case
C.once againD.in time
析：选B。in case后边省掉了they will need it。
NMET 2000第30题：I've worked with children before,so Iknow what____in my new job.
A.expectedB.to expect
C.to be expecting D.expects
析：选B。 该句后半句句意为：所以我知道在我的新工作中什么东西被希望获得。考生很容易误选A表被动语态， 实际上我们可以将该句看成so I know what for me to expect， 这样不定式既有被动关系（什么东西被希望获得），又有主谓关系（我去获得），不定式就应用主动语态代替被动语态。
（三）变换句还原：将变换后的句子还原成通常句型
NMET 2000第29题：____production up by 60 %， the companyhas had another excellent year.
A.As B.ForC.With D.Through
析：选C。该句前半句实际上是由原句Production is up by 60 %变换而来，该句可改成独立主格结构，由with+名词（production）+副词短语（up by 60%）构成。
NMET 2000年第34题：—Why don't we take a little break？
—Didn't we just have____？
A.it B.thatC.one D.this
析：选C。该句问句和答句的宾语都是a little break， 容易让考生误选it ， 实际上问句可看成是由why don't we take
anotherlittle break？变化而来，这样问句和答句宾语就不同了。
当然2000年高考不能考完所有还原法句型，其它一些还原方法如下：
（四）疑问句还原
1.一般疑问句：直接还原成陈述句
例1：Is this factory the one you visited yesterday？可还原成：
This factory is the one you visited yesterday.
例2：Was the wood used to build this bridge cut from thathill？可还原成：
The wood used to build this bridge was cut from that hill.
2.否定疑问句：直接还原成陈述句
例：Wonldn't you have done it,had it been possible？该句可还原成：
You wouldn't have done it if it had been possible.
3.特殊疑问句：假设某一内容还原成陈述句
例1：Whose else is this book if it isn't yours？可还原成：
It is Tom's book if it isn't yours.（就划线部分提问）？
例2：Who is it up to decide whether to go or not？ 可还原成：
It is up to LiPing to decide whether to go or not.（就划线部分提问）
例3：Whom would you rather have sent to the hospital？可还原成：
I would rather have my mother sent to the hospital.（就划线部分提问）
（五）倒装句还原：将倒装句直接还原成陈述句
例1：To all the people here belongs the honour for success.可还原成：
The honour for success belongs to all the people here.
例2：Gone forever are the days when we used foreign oll.
The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.
（六）被动语态还原：先假设主语，将被动语态还原成主动语态。
例：His eyes were found fixed at the picture.可还原成：
We found that his eyes were fixed at the picture.再还原成：
We found his eyes fixed at the picture.（改成被动语态）
二、[消元法]：所谓“消元法”是指将题干中多余累赘的部分略去，从而达到化简的目的。此法尤其适用于在带插入语的句子中消除插入语。
NMET 2000年第28题：Dorothy was always speaking highly ofher role in the play,____,of course,made the others unhappy.
A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what
析：选B。该句可简略为Dorothy was always speaking highlyof her role in the play,______made the others unhappy.这样考生就很易看出应用which代表整个主要内容。
又如：Drinking will____you,I think,a lot of harm.
A.do
B.bring
C.makeD.give
析：选A。因为该句可简略为Drinking will______you a lot ofharm.
考生很易看出应填do构成do sb harm短语。
再如NMET94年第28题：
John plays football______,if not better than,David.
A.as well as
B.so often as
C.so much as
D.as good as
析：选A。该句可简略为John plays football____David.考生一定能看出该句表示John足球踢得和David一样好， 所以答案应为as wellas（so often as、so much as 不能用于肯定句）。
三、[语境定义法]：所谓“语境定义法”是指结合语境反复推敲原句含义，从而确定所填空档的含义。
NMET 2000年第5题：
Someone called me in the middle of the night, but theyhung up______I could answer the phone.
A.as
B.since
C.before
D.until
析：选C。由“Someone called me in the middle of the night,but they hung up”可知，他们半夜给我打电话后又挂断了电话的原因必然是我接电话的动作较慢，所以他们没等到我接电话就挂断了电话，反言之，我还没来得及接电话，他们就挂断了电话，还没有来得及做某事当然由before来表示。
NMET 2000年第6题：
—Are you coming to Jeff's party?
—I'm not sure.I_____go to the concert instead.
A.must B.would
C.should
D.might
析：选D。由“I'm not sure ”可以看出我去听音乐演奏会的可能性较小，因此该档不能填must（一定，必定，表可能性大），而只能填might（或许，可能，表可能性小）。
NMET 2000年第24题：Let Harry play with your toys as well,Clare_____you must learn to_____.
A.support
B.care
C.spare D.share
析：选C。从前半句可看出该句句意为：让哈利和你一起玩玩具，你必须学会和别人分享玩具，
因此后半句可重新整理为youmustlearn to share your toys with others。
四、[对称法]：所谓对称法，就是根据连词的对称性原则，即连词前后结构及形式一致的原则，由一边结构形式推断出另一边结构及形式。
例1：He told me he would come and see me.
例2：I have spent a lot more time studying English thanLiPing has.
五、[找标法]：所谓找标法就是在区别某些时态和词汇用法时，根据各自成立所依赖的时间，通过寻找标准对称时间点的方法，来分析鉴别这些时态和词汇。
例1：A:This is the best film that I have ever seen.
根据“is”标准对照时间点应为现在，即相对于现在已看，应为现在完成时。
B:This was the best film that I had ever seen.
根据“was”其标准对照时间点应为过去，即相对于过去已看， 应为过去完成时。
例2：A:It seems that he lived in BeiJing three years ago.
根据“Seems”其标准对照时间点应为现在， 即相对于现在的三年前，应用three years ago.
B:It seemed that he had lived in BeiJing three yearsbefore.
根据“seemed”其标准对照时间点应为过去，即相对过去的三年前，应用three years before.
例3：A:It is said that he will come in a week.
根据“is”其标准对照时间点应为现在，即相对于现在一周后，应用in a week.
B:It was said that he would come after a week.
根据“was”其标准对照时间点应为过去，即相对于过去一周后，应用after a week.
例4：He will go to Beijing next week.
根据“will”其标准对照时间点应为现在，即相对于现在的下一周，应用next week.
He would go to Beijing the next week.
根据“would”其标准对照时间点应为过去， 即相对于过去的下一周，应用the next week.
总之，将复杂的选择题化简，可以让学生透过复杂的语言环境，理清知识点之间的关系，吃透其精神实质，从而培养他们的创新精神，提高他们的应变能力。