FORTUNE IN TEA LEAVES
Pockets of poverty among mountains transform into thriving entrepreneurs’ hub By Zhang Shasha
The twin villages of Junying and Baijiaoci, perched among high mountains in Fujian Province in southeast China, have several distinctions. In Junying, which has a population of about 1,000, nearly all the families have the same surname—Gao, while in Baijiaoci, with about 1,200 people, all the families are called Yang.
Also, till the 1980s, both villages, virtually cut off from the rest of the world due to poor transport infrastructure, were so steeped in poverty that showers and baths were considered an inessential part of life. But today, it’s a different story for both.
A visit for change
In 1986, despite their reputation as producers of excellent tea, the two villages, shrouded in cloud and mist, remained mostly unknown to the outside world as the only road that led to them was a dirt track, narrow and steep, winding up through mountains on one side and cliffs on the other. They were the last place in the province to be covered by bus routes and the lack of transport was one of the factors behind the grinding poverty.
Though Xiamen, the bustling port city where the two villages were located, was one of the first four special economic zones (SEZs) established in China as test beds of reform and opening up, the pockets of poverty still in existence were a matter of concern for the authorities. On April 7, 1986, Xi Jinping, who was then vice mayor of Xiamen, visited the two villages for the first time.
“The road was only 1.6 meters wide then, too narrow for cars,” Gao Quanguo, then head of the Junying Villagers Committee, recalled. “I met him at the bridge and then we walked in together.”
“Since Xi’s visit in 1986, the villagers competed with one another to expand their tea farms, afraid they would lag behind,” Gao Shuzu, chief of Xiamen Hengli Tea, a leading tea company based in Junying, said.
“They ordered 100 tons annually at first. In recent years, the orders have increased to 500-600 tons per year on average,” Gao Shuzu said. The products are mainly semi-processed tea labeled with Japanese brands. “Their profits are many times higher than ours. We want to learn from them, but we are weak in marketing and branding,” he said.
Gao told the visitor that the village’s prime source of income was a tea farm about 20 hectares in area and growing hybrid rice and sweet potatoes.
图4为在过偏压3V、温度20℃下仿真提取出的SPAD器件在雪崩区中心处雪崩触发几率随深度Y的分布曲线，可以看出雪崩区的雪崩触发几率在0.25—0.646之间，平均雪崩触发几率为0.448。
Xi suggested they plant more tea and fruit trees, which would bring more money, as well as develop the service sector. He also recommended a type of persimmon, a prime cash crop at that time. The village later received a funding of 38,000 yuan ($5,329) from the local government so that they could upgrade their agriculture.
“We planted persimmons with part of the money,” Gao said. “Later, we learned it was a premium variety in China.”
Currently, the farmhouses in Junying have 169 rooms in total while the number in Baijiaoci is 92.
Yang Mingfu, Secretary of the Baijiaoci Branch of the Communist Party of China (CPC), who was at the scene of the visit, said Xi looked into the pot and found just a little rice in it. “It’s hard to imagine that people in the SEZ, even though they live in remote hills, can be as poor as this,” Xi said.
“Xi told us that while supporting the poor, it is crucial to keep up their spirit,” Yang Mingfu recalled.
总之，在科学课程的学习中，教师要善于调动学生的积极性，通过探究的学习模式，充分激发学生的内在潜力，让学生在科学课程的学习中快乐成长。
New focuses
Xi told Yang Qingjie, then head of the Baijiaoci Villagers Committee, “Apart from planting tea and fruits, do not forget to green the mountains.”
Nearly 11 years later, on July 14, 1997, Xi visited the two villages again. He was then vice secretary of the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee. In these years, Junying had extended its tea farm area to almost seven times the original size and the narrow road had been rebuilt. Hearing that the persimmons were flourishing, Xi insisted on having a look at them.
Baoge Square in Junying Village of Xiamen, southeast China’s Fujian Province, on September 9
“I rode a motorcycle to show them the way. After reaching the parking lot, we walked on the unsurfaced road to the tree farm,” Gao Quanyang, then head of the Junying Villagers Committee, said. Xi was satisfied with the tea and the trees but not with the sight of the barren mountains.
“He told us to plant more trees on the mountains while developing industries in the village,” Gao Quanyang said. “We hadn’t paid much attention to afforestation at first. Xi’s farsighted suggestion laid the foundation for the growth of tourism and the way to prosperity. He also encouraged young villagers to find jobs in urban Xiamen and start their own businesses.”
为了保证现代化社会持续稳定发展，开展产品监测预警与过程风险分析预警工作十分重要，是确保农业健康有序发展的基础，也是推动社会经济持续增长的关键。为此，相关部门需加强产品监测预警与过程风险分析预警工作重视，推动其效用在农业发展中全面发挥，为提高核心竞争力提供有效依据。
“It was an astronomical figure at that time. We could not raise even 100,000 yuan ($13,991) on our own though we made every effort,” he said, “It changed my life and, the whole village.”
With more than 100 years of history, tea planting has been the mainstay industry in the two mountainous villages, accounting for more than 70 percent of the local economy at peak years.
部分学生对于古诗词的背诵显得比较困难，主要因为对诗词理解不透，在脑里没有形成诗的画面。如果我们借助生动形象的课文插图来指导背诵，相信就能做到事半功倍了。例如指导学生背诵《舟过安仁》，教师指着插图上的一条渔船，暗示学生说出“一叶渔舟”；接着圈着两个小孩，暗示学生说出“两小童”；然后指着相应的物品，提示三个动词“收、停、坐”，学生就能念出“收篙停棹坐船中”；用同样的方法指导背诵后两句。通过对照着插图回顾诗句，学生基本上能背诵了。以后只要画面在学生脑里呈现，诗句也随之脱口而出。相信这样的方法，学生更愿意接受，效果也明显。
Xi went to Gao’s house after walking around and asked questions about the village. “I made tea for him and the cup was stained by tea leaves due to years of use. But he drank it without hesitation,” Gao said. “It was such a heartening gesture that we villagers felt we could share our thoughts and feelings with him.”
But as the tea production increased, the limited market became an issue. Since his teenage days, Gao Shuzu had been marketing the raw tea grown by his family, relatives and other villagers in neighboring Guangdong Province. However, since the tea was not kept in an airconditioned warehouse as it should have been, it was liable to catch rot and did not fetch a good price. Eventually, the villagers began to think of setting up a factory in the village to process the tea.
“Xi’s visit in 1997 was a boon,” Gao Shuzu said. “He thought a factory was a necessity and we received 700,000 yuan ($97,934) from the government’s poverty alleviation fund in two installments.”
1）挤密桩。挤密桩是一种把带有管塞、活门或锥头的钢管压入或打入地下挤密土层形成孔，再向孔内投放灰土、砂石等填料成桩，通过对填料进行夯实处理，使成桩达到设计要求的成桩方法。挤密桩适用于杂填土、素土以及黄土地层的处理。不同种类的挤密桩的作用和特点不同，灰土、素土等挤密桩适用于处理地下水位以上的湿陷性黄土、素填土和杂填土等地基，可处理地基深度为5～20m；需要消除地基土的湿陷性时，应选用素土挤密桩法；以提高地基土的承载力或增强其水稳性为目的时，应选用灰土挤密桩法。应用时，可结合地基处理的要求进行选择，从而达到最佳处理效果。
In Baijiaoci, Xi visited a school. “He told us to increase investment in education to equip the young generations with the knowledge they need and improve villagers’ scientific literacy,” Yang Mingfu said.
In May 2000, the factory went into operation. Gao Quanyang estimated that its output could increase the income of the village by 1.5 million yuan ($210,373) per year and the investment could be earned back soon.
Villagers waiting to sell home-grown agricultural products to tourists in Junying on September 9
A room in Gao Shuiyin’s farmhouse in Junying on September 9
The next year, Gao Shuzu received his first order from Japan, the stepping stone that would make his tea business grow larger and stronger. He worked with the village’s tea cooperatives to collect harvests from villagers and made exclusive sales.
“Hengli is a family firm,” he said. “We lost nearly 20,000 yuan ($2,805) on the first order because we were not familiar with Japanese standards. So the tea was sent back and we made up the consignment once again.”
The company that had placed the first order has been buying from Hengli for nearly 20 years. Gao Shuzu’s brother has learned Japanese to deal with the Japanese buyers.
1.牢固树立责任担当的理念。着眼于胜利油田乃至甲方市场的勘探开发需要，发挥技术配套完善的优势，持续完善精细化生产运行模式，丰富提速提效手段，为内外部甲方发展提供高质量的钻井工程技术服务。各级领导班子和领导干部要强化大局意识、政治意识和责任意识，始终与上级保持高度一致，自觉加压，主动分忧，以敢于负责任的态度开展工作，以强有力的执行推动工作。
本系统的设计采用浏览器/服务器（B/S）体系结构，分为4层，从上至下依次为：应用层、逻辑层、智能合约层和区块链层，如图1所示。
While Japan accounts for 70 percent of its exports, Hengli also sells its tea to Canada, the U.S., Thailand and Indonesia. Exports account for more than 80 percent of its sales.
In the past, Hengli was jokingly referred to as a kind of geriatric home. Machines had not yet become popular to sort the tea and senior villagers were recruited to do it in the tea season. “They would chat and have a good time while working,” Gao Shuzu said. “They could earn 400-600 yuan ($56-84) per month.”
Today, Hengli has a research and development team to develop new types of tea. Six students from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University are working under the guidance of professors. “White tea is becoming popular and the experts say our maoxie (a type of tea accounting for 60 percent of the village’s output) can produce high-quality white tea. So I plan to produce 100 tons next year. If it sells well, other villagers will follow suit,” Gao Shuzu said.
（3）合理分流。通常来说，路基施工不会对公路的正常运营产生严重的影响，但桥梁拼接施工和桥梁路面施工过程都会对桥梁的正常运行产生较为严重的影响，所以需要封闭施工，在施工期间，为了保证通常的交通，可以通过分流的方式分散交通压力。
From tea to tourism
As the two villages embrace industrial transformation, their economic composition is being diversified. The traditional tea industry now accounts for 40 percent of their economic growth, while farmhouse resorts and catering as well as working outside each account for 30 percent.
综上所述,在终末期糖尿病肾病血液透析患者护理中实施细节管理能够降低相关并发症的发生,使患者动静脉内瘘功能和透析效果得到有效保障,提高患者对血液透析治疗的依从度,具有重要的临床意义。
Currently, the annual output value of the two villages’ tea industry totals more than 17 million yuan ($2.38 million). In 2018, their percapita annual net income crossed 25,000 yuan ($3,498), more than 100 times the 1986 figure. It is expected to hit 30,000 yuan ($4,197) in 2019, according to local officials.
Gao Shuiyin, former head of Xiying Cooperative in Junying, started his farmhouse and catering business in 2015. “Then we had six rooms, now we have 20,” the 45-year-old said. The rooms, some in the traditional Chinese style and some modern, have been designed by his 23-year-old daughter. He and his wife are both the owners and the chefs. Visitors can order local dishes.
The two three-story buildings they own cost nearly 800,000 yuan ($112,285), the money partly coming from the income from the farmhouse and their catering business. However, parts of the walls and roofs were renovated by the local government, which cut his expenses by several thousand yuan.
《生》从一幅平凡的生活画面切入，以北京什刹海的坪场作为背景，路边的闲人和民间艺人共同组成了生活的一幕。一位年过六十的老艺人，扛着一对大傀儡来到坪场，他靠表演傀儡相殴的把戏招引看客，靠与傀儡的亲昵对话和自言自语供人欢笑。但他亲热的话却只说给傀儡中那个白脸的“王九”听。老艺人表演傀儡摔跤时总是让另一个被唤作“赵四”的傀儡占上风，但“王九”却是永远的胜利者。老汉不让人知道，他死去的儿子就是王九，死因就是和名叫赵四的人打架。王九死了十年，老艺人在北京城圈子里外表演王九打倒赵四也有了十年。而那真赵四，则五年前在保定府害病死掉了。
In Baijiaoci, Xi visited Yang Wenwang during lunch. Yang’s six-member family lived in a 10-square-meter house, which was more like a basic shelter.
Stewed pork, the specialty that Gao Shuiyin serves his guests, is homegrown. The meat comes from the pigs raised by another villager, Gao Shuzhang. Gao Shuzhang, who has more than 300 pigs, earns over 1 million yuan ($140,249) per year, making a net profit of 300,000-400,000 yuan ($42,075-56,099).
After completing secondary school, Gao Shuzhang first left the village looking for work. But finding that food was a good business as people were developing higher requirements, he went back to the village to raise pigs with his wife. “The income is higher than working outside,” he said. “We can sell the pork on Taobao and social networking platforms such as WeChat as the logistics develop.”
The potential seen in tourism made Hengli’s Gao Shuzu also diversify to farmhouse resorts. He has over 30 rooms at present, becoming another source of income.
位于大漠戈壁的西北油田采油三厂S86卸油站，是一座连续15年被共青团中央授予“全国青年文明号”的基层井站。
“Tea, as the distinguishing feature of our villages, plays an important role in bringing in tourists, who buy our local agricultural products as well, all of which boosts economic growth,” Gao Shuzu said.
The two villages are transforming the tea farms into sightseeing parks for tourists to experience the tea-making process and tea culture. Their tourism revenue crossed 2 million yuan ($280,497) in 2018.
Green peaks, clear streams
One of the best results of Xi’s visits is the greening of the once bare mountains. The forests in the two villages now sprawl over more than 300 hectares and several scenic spots have become popular tourist sites, such as the bridge over the Jiulong River where Xi’s car stopped on his first visit to the villages.
A village leader said the water is drinkable. The villages follow a regulation that families should rear their livestock in pens to keep the river and the surroundings clean.
建构主义理论认为，学习过程是学习者基于一定情境下，结合原有知识经验，通过社会文化互动而形成的学习者主动对新知识建构理解的过程。所以教师创设生动的学习情境，能促进学生进行意义建构。生物知识的故事化，无疑是创设教学情境的一种手段，因为故事具有天然的“情境性”，往往能吸引人，使学生身临其境，全身心投入其中。
There is an old saying in Chinese: When drinking water, think of its source. The clear water will always remind the villagers how they strove to shake off poverty and lead a prosperous life in harmony with the green mountains, and encourage them to go further.
In 2016, a CPC School was established in the area. Party members from different companies, institutions and government organs visit the village to hear about Xi’s interactions with the villagers and see the results. More than 200,000 people have visited the school.
Gao Quanyang makes tea for guests in his home in Junying on September 9. He grows his own tea leaves
Children attend a class in a school in Baijiaoci on September 9
The story of the two villages would remain incomplete without a footnote. Showers are no longer regarded as an unusual custom by the villagers today but as a daily habit. One incentive in the beginning was offering them free shampoo and towels and then prosperity consolidated the habit. “Cleanliness has become part of the public consciousness,” Ye Wenbin, Vice President of the Party School of the CPC Xiamen Tongan District Committee, said.
(Reporting from Xiamen, Fujian Province)
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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