逻辑主语与独立主格，本文主要内容关键词为：主格论文,主语论文,逻辑论文,独立论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
逻辑主语
“逻辑主语”是什么？以前学英语语法时怎么没印象？这是许多读者看到此标题后的第一感觉。在了解什么是逻辑主语之前，我们先判断下面两句话的正误。
例1：Being a clever girl,Mary's father sent her to college.
例2：Being a clever girl,Mary was sent to college by her father.
上述两句话句意没有差异，但是例1的表达是错误的，因为“Being a clever girl”作为一个分词短语，是有逻辑主语的，而且根据句意，其逻辑主语应该是“Mary”，而分词短语的逻辑主语应该与主句主语一致，所以主句主语也就只能是“Mary”了，所以例2的表达才是正确的。
基本概念：所谓的“逻辑主语”就是“语意上的主语”，通常情况下逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致或相关，因此被省略了，不出现在句中。
有许多结构都有“逻辑主语”，为帮助大家理解，试举例如下：
1.分词结构的逻辑主语
例3：Having studied my lessons,there was nothing else to do.（误）
例4：Having studied my lessons,I had nothing else to do.（正）
2.不定式结构的逻辑主语
［题解］显然答案为D，由于此例中不定式的逻辑主语为人，(D)应该改为we/you should read。
3.介词短语的逻辑主语
例6：Even at low levels，＿＿.
(A)the nervous system has produced detrimental effects by lead
(B)lead's detrimental effects are producing the nervous system
(C)lead produces detrimental effects on the nervous system
(D)the detrimental effects produced by lead
［题解］答案为C。当“lead”即铅的浓度即使很低时，也会导致神经中毒。所以逻辑主语和句子主语都是“lead”。
4.“介词+doing”的逻辑主语
Upon hearing the bell ring,＿＿.
(A)The student's departure was hasty
(B)we departed hastily
(C)our departure was hasty
(D)the classroom was filled immediately
答案为B。
独立主格
独立主格，这个概念大家很熟悉，但是许多同学只是记住了部分“独立主格”的形式：即(with/without)n.+doing或(with/without)n.+done。但是同学们并没有掌握独立主格的实质。
基本概念：当分词短语等结构的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，逻辑主语不能省略，必须出现在句中，此时也就成了独立主格结构。
换句话说，分词短语等结构“独立拥有”与主句主语所不同的“逻辑主语”。事实上，“独立主格”的名称就是由此而来的。
例句：It being fine,I went out for a walk.The agent being absent,the business was suspended.Weather permitting,the picnic will be held as scheduled.
例题：＿＿all his followers dead,the commander was taken by his enemy
(A)For (B)As (C)Because of (D)with
［题解］显然，此题为形容词的独立主格结构，即形容词“dead”的逻辑主语是“all his followers”，而句子主语为“the commander”，因此答案为(D)。从这道考研题可以看出独立主格并不仅仅是“n.+doing/done”。
小练习
1.This＿＿,we went out to play.
(A)was done (B)did
(C)was doing (D)done
2.Having been served lunch,＿＿.
(A)the problem was discussed by the members of the committee
(B)the committee members discussed the problem
(C)it was discussed by the committee members the problem
(D)a discussion of the problem was make by the members of the committee
3.＿＿was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later,in 1834.
(A)Settling Brooklyn,the Dutch
(B)The Dutch settled Brooklyn
(C)Brooklyn was settled by the Dutch
(D)Settled by the Dutch,Brooklyn
4.At thirteen＿＿at a district school near her home,and when she was fifteen,she saw her first article in print.
(A)the first teaching position that Mary Jane Hawes had
(B)the teaching position was Mary Jane Hawe's first
(C)when Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position
(D)Mary Jane Hawes had her first teaching position
5.Her right eye becoming seriously infected，＿＿.
(A)Mary Jones went on leave from the company
(B)the company permitted Mary Jones a leave
(C)so did Mary Jones go on leave from the company
(D)a leave was permitted by the company to Mary Jones
习题答案：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A