凌中义1张新疆2
1武汉亚洲心脏病医院麻醉科湖北武汉430022;
2新疆博州人民医院麻醉科新疆博州833400
【摘要】目的:观察七氟醚吸入诱导、异丙酚维持用于小儿先心病介入封堵麻醉的临床效果。方法:小儿先心介入封堵手术255例,ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级,入室面罩吸纯氧6L/min+8%七氟醚诱导,意识消失后停用七氟醚。开放外周静脉,静注长托宁001mg/kg,给予异丙酚5~10mg/kg/h持续静脉泵入。记录吸入七氟醚前后,泵注异丙酚5min时、15min时,HR、MAP、SPO2值,记录患儿吸入七氟醚后入睡时间(s),麻醉时间(min)及苏醒时间(min),术后随访患儿有无缺氧发作、恶心呕吐。结果:患儿吸入七氟醚后HR、MAP、SPO2差异均无显著意义(P>005),泵注异丙酚后5min时HR降低(P<001),MAP降低(P<001),SPO2增高(P<001)。吸入七氟醚后入睡时间1392±426s,麻醉时间4125±509min,苏醒时间423±158min,全组患儿均无缺氧发作、恶心呕吐。结论:七氟醚诱导复合异丙酚维持用于先心封堵麻醉,循环及呼吸平稳,不增加心脏的兴奋性,苏醒迅速,并发症少。
【关键词】七氟醚;异丙酚;先心病;介入封堵Sevoflurane combined with propofol to maintain clinical observation for transcatheter closure of congenital heart disease
Ling ZhonyiZhang Xinjiang
【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the clinic effect of the application of Sevoflurane combined with propofol in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization Plugging.Methods two hundred and fifty-five ASAⅠ-Ⅱchildren with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization Plugging were selected.The patients were premedicated with intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride 001mg/kg,intravenous propofol 001mg/kg 2 minutes later and intravenous propofol 001mg/kg before intravenous contrast medium.HR,MAP,SPO2 were monitored and recorded before premedication,after intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride,after intravenous propofol,before intravenous contrast medium and after intravenous contrast medium.Time to fall asleep(s),anesthesia time(min)and time to wake up(min)were recorded.To observe weather there were children nausea and vomiting after anesthesia.Results There are no significant differences in HR,MAP,SPO2 after intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride,HR,MAP were decreased and SPO2 were increased after intravenous propofol.Time to fall asleep was 1392±426(s),anesthesia time was 2125±509(min)and time to wake up was 423±158(min).Follow-up after anesthesia indicated there were not children nausea and vomiting.Conclusion The application of penehyclidine hydrochloride combined with propofol in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac catheterization Plugging can be satisfied to the demand of electrocardio-gating technology.And it is safe and effective.
【Key words】Sevoflurane;propofol;congenital child;cardiac catheterization Plugging
【中图分类号】R453【文献标识码】B【文章编号】1674-8999(2013)08-0105-01
先心患儿入手术室常会产生严重的情绪对抗,既直接影响麻醉进程,也可能加重畸形心脏病理改变的损害程度。接受心脏导管治疗的患儿采用七氟醚吸入诱导使其入睡,术中异丙酚静脉维持的麻醉方案,循环、呼吸稳定,避免了对脏器功能和心理发育的伤害。
1资料与方法
11一般资料:选择255例2010~2011年在武汉亚洲心脏病医院ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级行先心病介入封堵小儿,其中男135例,女120例;年龄2个月~6岁;体重550~1800kg;身高6200~11750cm;其中室间隔缺损118例,房间隔缺损92例,动脉导管未闭45例。
12麻醉方法:小儿入室后面罩吸氧,常规监测心电图,无创动脉压,脉搏血氧饱和度。在给予面罩吸氧6L/min+8%七氟醚诱导,待意识消失后建立外周静脉,静脉注射长托宁001mg/kg,给予异丙酚5~10mg/kg/h持续静脉泵入。
13监测项目:监测HR、MAP、SPO2,记录吸入七氟醚前后,泵注异丙酚5min时、15min时,HR、MAP、SPO2值,记录患儿吸入七氟醚后入睡时间(s),麻醉时间(min)及苏醒时间(min),术后随访患儿有无缺氧发作、恶心呕吐。
14统计分析:应用SPSS100统计软件进行统计处理,统计方法采用重复测量资料的方差分析,所测数据以均数±标准差(χ±s)表示,P<001为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
3讨论
先心病介入封堵开辟了先心病治疗的新途径[1-3],由于患儿多不能配合治疗需实施基础麻醉,而导管室特殊场地往往制约了呼吸的管理,加之小儿的生理解剖特点容易产生呼吸抑制,合理选择麻醉用药和方法至关重要。心脏介入中心常缺乏标准的空气净化设备,限制了吸入麻醉药的使用。因此先心病介入封堵麻醉有其特殊性。
七氟醚诱导的优点是患儿短暂挣扎后很快平静,吸入期间血液动力学平稳,术后苏醒快,而且苏醒完全。七氟醚血气分配系数小,可控性强,停药后麻醉很快减浅,血压下降无需补液或使用升压药物。研究结果表明吸入七氟醚后,心率在原有基础上并不增加或略有下降,血压及氧饱和度波动小[4-5]。考虑导管室内废气排放、净化处理的难操作性,在短暂吸入诱导后即停止使用。
异丙酚起效迅速,诱导平稳,清除半衰期短,反复用药无蓄积作用。目前认为可用于3岁以下小儿镇静[6-8],其优点即术后苏醒迅速。静脉注射异丙酚时血压、心率会有一定程度下降[8],可能与其降低外周血管阻力和心室压力,缺乏解迷走神经样作用有关,一般都能迅速恢复。由于吸入七氟醚后,心率在原有基础上略有下降,异丙酚轻度抑制心率的作用反而可达此要求。
本组病例也观察到,停用异丙酚后无兴奋现象及恶心呕吐发生。这种独特的抗恶心呕吐机制主要与抗5-HT3作用有关,可能作用位点在化学呕吐感觉区,呈非竞争性剂量依赖性[9]。可以认为:异丙酚麻醉维持平稳,在注意维护体循环阻力和前负荷的前提下,术中循环和呼吸功能较为平稳,恢复清醒迅速,副作用较少。
综上所述,七氟醚用于小儿诱导可缓解患儿情绪对抗,消除恐惧感,诱导迅速无明显刺激性气味,呼吸抑制轻,很少引起心律失常,麻醉诱导期血压轻度降低,但能够很快恢复平稳。异丙酚作用迅速,术后苏醒过程平稳且副作用小。二者联合用于先心病小儿先心封堵术安全有效。
参考文献
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论文作者:凌中义1张新疆2
论文发表刊物:《中医学报》2013年8月第23卷供稿
论文发表时间:2014-3-20
标签:诱导论文; 患儿论文; 小儿论文; 时间论文; 平稳论文; 术后论文; 心率论文; 《中医学报》2013年8月第23卷供稿论文;