摘要：认真学习语法知识，加强语言运用，夯实语言基础，形成扎实的语法基本功。引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点，要求熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力，只有进行反复训练，不断激发学习兴趣，增强信心，巩固所学，及时反馈，认真推敲体会，才能有效提高解题综合能力。
关键词：语法填空；解题能力；有提示词；无提示词
众所周知，学生在做语法填空题时，会出现各种各样的问题，难以得高分。做好这类题型，需要具备扎实的语法基本功，需要掌握语法填空题的命题特点和熟练运用解题方法，需要经过强化训练，才能有效地提高语法填空题的解题能力。
首先，要求学生认真学习语法知识，加强语言运用，夯实语言基础，形成扎实的语法基本功。
其次，引导学生理解语法填空题的命题特点。语法填空题要求阅读一篇200字左右的短文，根据句子语法结构和上下文的逻辑关系完成10小题，每小题1.5分。一般说来，根据句子语法结构确定词性变化，根据上下文的逻辑关系确定词类选用。题型设计分分为两类：1.写出括号中提示词的正确形式(一般不超过三个词)。2.在空格处填入一个适当的词。理解了语法填空题的命题特点，平时学习目标更加明确，学习语法更加认真，更加关注重要的单词、短语和句型，记住常见的前缀后缀变化。
最后，要求学生熟练掌握语法填空题常见的考点和具体的做题方法。通过选自高考题和平时练习中经常出现的例句，归纳总结出常见的考点和具体的做题方法，让学生逐步学会如何做好语法填空，明确解题步骤和方法，进一步强化解题能力。浏览全文，抓住大意，先处理较容易的，后做难度大的，最后核查校对，确保语法正确，语意贯通，符合逻辑。通过学生的自主学习和训练，认真体会和掌握做题的方法，提高解题能力。
下面我们共同探讨语法填空题中常见的考点和具体的做题方法：
一、有提示词
动词谓语动词(时态、语态)，非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)
名词数、格
形容词比较级、最高级、形容词副词互变
副词比较级、最高级、形容词副词互变
词性转换以加后缀为主，前缀为辅
1.动词
(1)谓语动词，判断时态和语态
【2015全国卷2】…they warm up again for the night. This cycle _ __ (go) day after day.
答案：goes 考查时态 根据上下文，用一般现在时。
(2)非谓语动词，判断过去分词，现在分词，不定式。
【2016全国卷3】People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.
答案： using 考査非谓语动词，people和use是主动关系，用现在分词using。
2.名词
【2016全国卷1】The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister
答案：days 考查名词，few后面接可数名词复数。
3.形容词
【2016全国卷2】If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 1 (great)and less importance.
答案：greater 考查形容词，根据and less可知用比较级。
4.副词
【2016全国卷3】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs(树枝) which (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
答案：gradually 考查副词，副词修饰动词短语turned into。
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5.词性转化
【2015全国卷2】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings(土坯房)admirable is their __ (able) to “air condition” a house
答案：ability 考查词性转化，形容词able转变为名词ability。
二、无提示词
冠词定冠词、不定冠词
代词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词等
连词从属连词、并列连词
介词单个介词、复合介词、介词短语
1.冠词
【2014全国卷1】Now, years later, this river is one of ___ most outstanding examples of environmental clean?up.
答案： the 考查冠词，定冠词the用于形容词的最高级前。
2.代词
【2016全国卷1】I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by mother. The nursery team switches him …
答案：his考查代词，根据下文him指代小公熊猫，用形容词性物主代词his。
3.连词
【2014全国卷1】But the river wasn't changed in a few days ____ even a few months.
答案：or 考查连词，or表示选择关系。
4.介词
【2016全国卷3】Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally
eat their hands.
答案：with 考查介词，with＋表示具体工具的名词。
真题演练
【2016全国卷1】Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 1 (attract).
So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where pocket money helps pay for research. I 2 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre center. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 3 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on the TV show in the mid—1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been selected by 8 mother. The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that the one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum – she never suspects.
答案：1. attraction 2. was allowed 3. officially 4. to 5. when 6. permitted 7. introducing 8. his 9. days 10. the
总之，在平时的教学过程中，我们一定要积极地引导学生，只有不断夯实语言基础，加强语言运用，具备扎实的语法基本功；只有洞察命题特点，熟练掌握常见的考点和具体的做题方法，形成正确的做题思维和强大的语感能力；只有进行反复训练，不断激发学习兴趣、增强信心、巩固所学、及时反馈、认真推敲体会，才能有效地提高解题综合能力。
论文作者:吴纳勤
论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年3月下
论文发表时间:2017/5/26
标签：语法论文; 代词论文; 填空题论文; 动词论文; 答案论文; 介词论文; 全国卷论文; 《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年3月下论文;