高考非谓语动词的“金律”解题_谓语动词论文

高考非谓语动词的“金律”解题_谓语动词论文

高考非谓语动词的解题“黄金法则”,本文主要内容关键词为:动词论文,法则论文,黄金论文,非谓语论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

非谓语动词作为一个考点是近几年来高考的必考内容。但相当一部分同学在学习、理解及运用此知识点时感到困难。下面笔者结合实践谈谈此类题目的解题“黄金法则”,希望对大家有所启发。

法则一 辨析考查内容涉及到的非谓语动词的语法成分及地位

1.辨析应用谓语动词还是非谓语动词。解此类题目首先应注意辨析所缺的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,才能做出正确的选择。

例1 There are nine planets____around the sun,and the earth____one of them.

A.moving;being

B.moving;is

C move;being

D.moved;is

根据题意,前边应用现在分词作定语,是非谓语动词;后边由and连接,是完整的句子,缺少谓语动词;正确答案是B。

2.分析句子所缺少的成分,以便选择恰当的形式。非谓语劝词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语等。

(1)作主语或宾语

例2 (2003上海春季,36)____the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

A.The president will attend

B.The president to attend

C.The president attended

D.The president's attendinsg

根据句义,句子缺少主语,而答案A、C均不是完整的主语从句,故排除,句子谓语动词gave是过去时,说明总统参加会议的动作已发生,故正确答案是D。

(2)作状语

例3 (NMET2001北京春季,21)____late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.

A.To sleep

B.Sleeping

C.Sleep 

 D.Having sleep

句子缺少目的状语,故正确答案为A。

例4 (2002上海,31)He sent me an E-mail,____to get further information.

A.hoped

B.hoping

C.to hope

D.hope

正确答案是B,hoping与sent同时发生,作伴随状语。

(3)作定语、表语或补语

例5 (2003上海春季,38)She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role____in making the earth a better place to live.

A.to have played

B.to play

C.to be played

D.to be playing

正确答案是B。has a role to play意为“起作用”,to play作定语修饰role,二者逻辑上是动宾关系。

例6 The picture____on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A.having hung

B.hanging

e hangs

D.being hung

正确答案是B。hang可作不及物动词,hanging作定语修饰picture,二者逻辑上是主谓关系。

例7 (NMET2002,32)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the couple,but it remains____whether they will enjoy it.

A.to see

B.to be seen

C.seeing

D.seen

正确答案是B。前一个it是形式主语,主语从句whether they will eojoy it作真正的主语,remain后应接to do sth.作表语,而see与主语是宾关系,应用被动形式。

例8 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see____the next year.

A.carry out   B.carrying out

C.carried out

D.to carry out

答案是C。that引导的定语从句修饰plan,that指代plan,作see的宾语,carded out是宾补,根据句意应用过去分词。

法则二 辨析非谓语动词动作发生的时间

由非谓语动词动作发生时间决定的动词形式是此类题目考查的一个重点。因此,辨析好非谓语动词动作发生时间与整个句子谓语动词发生时间的先后关系是解题的关键。这种先后关系通常有三种:同时发生;在整个句子谓语动词动作之前发生;在整个句子谓语动词动作之后发生。

1.在句子谓语动词之前发生

例9 ____from heart trouble for years,Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.

A.Suffered

B.Suffering

C.Having suffered

D.Being suffered

答案是C。状语for years表明分词应该用完成时。整句话意思是“经受了多年心脏病的痛苦,怀特教授无论走到哪里都不得不随身带着药”。

例10 I would love____to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

A.to go

B.having gone

C.going

D.to have gone

根据时间状语last night及句意“我昨天原本打算去参加聚会”,应选用完成式,故正确答案为D。

2.与整个句子谓语动词同时发生

例11 Black is said____in college,but I don't know which college he is studying in.

A.to have studied

B.to study

C.to be studying

D.to have been.studying

动词不定式的进行时表示正在发生的事,根据语境I don't know which college he is studying in,Black正在上大学。正确答案是C。

法则三 辨析非谓语动词动作涉及的主、被动关系

非谓语动词动作与句子主语之间的主动、被动关系是此类题目考查的另一个重点。解题的关键是辨析好非谓语动词动作与句子主语之间的逻辑关系。

1.句子的主语是非谓语动词动作的发出者

例12 (2002上海,33)Though____money,his parents managed to send him to university.

A.lacked   B.lacking of

C.lacking

D.lacked in

正确答案是C。lack是及物动词,his parents与lack是主谓关系,是动作的发出者,用现在分词。整个句子译为“虽然缺钱,他的父母仍想办法让他上了大学”。

例13 Finding her car stolen,____.

A.a policeman was asked to help

B.the area was searching thoroughly

C.it was looked for everywhere

D.she hurried to a policeman for help

根据逻辑,finding这个动作的发出者即句子的主语应是she,结合句意,正确答案是D。

2.句子的主语是非谓语动词动作的承受者

例14 (2003上海春季,37)Unless____to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.

A.invited

D.inviting

C.being invited

D.having invited

句子主语you与invite是被动关系,应该选用过去分词。正确答案是A。

法则四 熟记一些固定或特殊的用法、搭配和结构

如果在掌握上述三条解题原则的基础上对非谓语动词的一些固定或特殊用法和搭配加以识记,定会事半功倍。例如:

1.熟记一些固定搭配并注意其区别

例15 --I usually go there by train.

--Why not____by boat for a change?

A.to try going   B.try to go

C.to try and so

D.try going

why not do是固定句型:try to do是“设法干成某事”,try doing是“试着干某事”。因此正确答案是D。

2.平行结构

例16 (2003上海春季,35)Friendship is like money:easier made than

____.

A.kept

B.to be kept

C.keeping

D.being kept

非谓语动词考查有时使用平行结构,对此注意可快速解题。本题中应与made同为过去分词,表示被动。正确答案是A。

3.独立主格结构

独立主格结构是非谓语动词的一种特殊结构。它一般有一个与句子主语不同的逻辑上的主语。

例17 The meeting____over,we all left the room.

A.is

B.to be

C.being

D.would be

前后两部分没有连接词连接,由此推断前一部分为独立主格结构。由谓语动词left可判断会议已结束,所以选择C。

4.注意“变形”的非谓语动词的用法

例18 (NMET2000北京春季)____the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.

A.Given

B.To give

C.Giving

D.Having given

正确答案是A。本句意为“考虑到他健康的一般状况,他术后需要一段时间才能恢复”。given在这里是介词,意思是“考虑到,在……的情况下”。

5.注意省略等其他特殊的结构和用法

例19. (NMET1995,34)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him____.

A.not to  B.not to do

C.not to it

D.do not to

tell sb.(not)to do sth.意为让某人(不要)做某事。为了避免重复,这里用了省略形式。正确答案是A。

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高考非谓语动词的“金律”解题_谓语动词论文
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