看图写作：放学以后，本文主要内容关键词为：看图论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
看图写作已经被公认为是一种有效的英语教学和测试手段，许多省市的高考都已经纷纷采用了这一种测试形式。它的优点具体体现在以下几个方面：
首先是生动形象。以画面形式呈现的想象空间比文字形式所呈现的更具有直观性，其所展示的情节对于学习者具有更大的吸引力。实践证明，参与性与学习效果紧密相连，参与意识越强，学习效果也就越好。
其二，图示情景可以激发学生的想象力，培养同学们的思考能力。语言是思想的载体，学习语言的过程可以视为训练思想的过程。一味追求表达形式而忽略思想内容会落入为写作而写作的歧路。从狭义的角度来看，学习英语写作无非就是学习“写什么”和“怎么写”。即内容和形式，而在这两者之间，内容的重要性是不言而喻的。
其三，它能够激发学生写作的欲望，有助于培养写作能力和语言的运用和操作能力。通过书本输入的语言知识和技能为学生提供的只不过是书面表达的一些可能性；而具体写作表达手段的不足和写作表达欲望的匮乏往往会抑制这种可能性转化成为现实的写作。许多学生写作表达能力低下或者表达不力，很大程度上是因为缺乏刺激其表达欲望手段。然而，学生在画面的暗示下，表达欲望便会油然而生，远比单纯的文字形式有效得多，因而，运用已有的语言知识通过表达显示自我的渴求在很大程度上得到了增强。同学们的注意力也会更集中于通过文字语言进行直接表达。
其四，借助于情景，同学们在写作中的错误和不足能更加直接地反映出来，因而对其语言水平的提高具有更大的针对性。笔者认为：学习英语的过程便是一个不断纠正这种错误的过程，看图写作能帮助学习者发现并解决自己存在的问题。
本系列讲座侧重于书面表达的具体过程，而这一点曾经一度被某些教师所忽视。有人曾经认为表达的具体过程很具个人色彩，无法统一把握，可以任凭学生自由表达。但笔者在具体教学过程中发现，一味开放式的做法收效往往不大。同学们通过这一做法所得到的大都停留在动笔这一环节，而其所描述的内容在形式上多半经不起太大的推敲。这种不能进行展开、深入描述的文章久而久之会阻碍学生写作水平的进一步提高，甚至还有可能影响他们的英语口语能力、阅读能力乃至听力能力的发展。学习英语写作就如同驾驭滔滔江水，若不能用坚固的河堤加以疏导，则必然酿成洪水泛滥。同样，若一味自由表达，如天马行空，充其量也不过是流于形式的胡写一气，根本谈不上什么切题，更不要谈什么深度和广度。
实践证明，学生在学习英语写作的时候若注重并留意英语的妙处，并且时时注意模仿，加以揣摩一些现成的范例，不断地将有限的句子和词汇融会贯通，日积月累有效的语言点便会渐渐扩展成为一个面。量变导致质变，如果坚持不懈，最终学习效果就会有一个大的飞跃。
在选材方面，笔者花费了大量的精力。国外的确出版了不少看图写作的材料，但是其可操作性往往不大，主要原因是它们的内容和我国学生接受的价值观和思想相去甚远，如犯罪、安乐死、宗教等等。所以，笔者在选材上量体裁衣，为中国学生精心挑选了一些贴近生活的主题和情境，尽量使大家在学习语言的同时，获得一些符合我国国情和现实生活的材料。
基于以上的理念，笔者编写时采用了一些与传统作文教材不同的写作方法，具体如下：
1.每篇文章由三部分组成，即描述、评论和实例。描述尽可能地详尽，评论侧重点评，而实例则强调语言实际使用的真实性。
2.讲解部分尽可能少掺入语法内容，将有限的篇幅让给句子的拓展、观点的延伸等写作技能的训练。
3.语言以真实性为目标，形式忌呆板求活泼。
值得一提的事，本系列是一篇关于写作的读物，希望读者在学习时注意模仿并体会其中的用法。写作水平的提高一般都伴随着有效句子的不断输入，而并非简单地混一个眼熟。衷心希望通过阅读本系列文章，能给读者带去一份喜悦和收获。
接下来，让我们进入正题，先来看一看第一幅图片：After School（放学以后）。
After School
（放学以后）
一、描述
一看到这幅图片，我们就能注意到，这里面有两个人物；再结合图片的名称（tifle），我们不难确定，那位大人应该是一个富有爱心的青年女教师，而那个背着书包的小男孩则是她的学生。因此，我们描述的焦点应该集中在这两个人物上。我们不妨先把焦距对准这位女教师，描述一下她的姿态、心情、神态、动作，以及行为的目的。
Description of the teacher（对老师的描述）
1.A teacher with glasses is sitting at her desk.
2.She seems to be happy.
3.She is smiling at the boy who is sitting in the chair in front of her.
4.She is very pleased with this student.
5.She seems to enjoy helping the boy with his homework.
6.She is willing to stay after school to help him.
7.This teacher is extending her extra effort to help the boy.
8.She is excited about the boy who is trying to learn.
讲解：以上是对该教师的坐姿、心情、神态、动作和目的的一般描述；如果把焦距调得再高一点，描述得再细致一点，我们还可以从这位教师穿着、发型、眼镜、容貌以及双手摆放的姿势上动一下脑筋：
She is very professionally dressed.
她的穿着很像教师。
Her hair is long and wavy.
她的头发很长，呈波浪型。
The teacher is wearing wire-rimmed glasses.
这位教师戴着金属边的眼镜。
The glasses look really good on her and make her look very professional and serious.
这副眼镜戴在她脸上很好看，看上去既具学者风度又端庄。
She is sitting up straight with her arms leaning on the desk.
她的坐姿很端正，胳膊搁在书桌上。
以上都是对这位年轻教师的描述，接下来我们再来看一看那位可爱好学的小学生。
Description of the boy（对男孩的描述）
1.The boy is staying after school to study.（行为）
2.He seems to be happy，too.（神态）
3.There is a book in his hand and a pencil in his other hand.（姿态）
4.His arms are leaning on the desk.（双手摆放的姿势）
5.A backpack is on his back.He is asking the teacher for some advice on his homework.（行为目的）
6.He wants to understand the confusing part of his homework without delay.And he knows that learning his lessons well is the most important thing for him right now.（目的以及动机）
除了可以对人物进行描述之外，我们还应该注意一下他们周围的环境和背景。
Description of the Background（背景描述）
1.This scene takes place in a teacher’s office.
2.The office is not very big，but it is very clean and tidy.
3.It’s 3：40，and it’s time for school to let out.
4.Outside the window，we can see students walking by.
5.The teacher’s hands are on the book.
6.The book is open，and there is a pen beside it.
7.There is a stack of exercise books on the desk.
8.On the windowsill，there is a pot with a plant growing in it.
讲解：
墙上的挂钟在前面没有正面提及，在描写时，若有必要，可以补充几句：
There is a clock on the wall.
墙上有一只钟。
The small hand is pointing to three.
短针正指向3。
The big hand is almost to eight.
长针快指向8了。
This means it’s about twenty to four.
这表明已经快3点40分了。
二、评论：
在评论的时候，一定要结合描述，并对描述的内容加以延伸，做到切题、简洁、明了。首先我们应该揣测一下，为什么在放学以后，其他孩子都一一离去，唯独这孩子留了下来。他为什么留下来呢？可能是他做作业有困难：
The little boy is confused by his homework，and he is asking his teacher to explain it to him.
这个男孩对作业有疑问，他请老师给他解释一下。
也可能是他对老师的批改有疑问：
The teacher made some corrections on his homework，and he does not understand what her suggestions were，or what her criticisms were.
老师在其作业上作了修改，他看不懂老师的建议和批评。当然，也许还有其他可能，如：
He has gone to the teacher’s office to check if his answers are right or not.
（对答案）
to hand in his extra-credit assignment.
（交课外作业）
to ask her to explain some difficult points.
（请教难点）
to ask for the teacher’s advice.
（请老师指教）
另外，我们还可以评价一下这个学生学习态度和这位年轻女教师的敬业精神。我们可以写：
1.Students like this should be encouraged.这样的学生应该受到鼓励。
2.They are self-starters.他们都很自觉。
3.They are self-motivated.他们有自我激励的精神。
4.They want to do well，and to achieve more in their lives.
他们想学得更好，并希望能够取得更大的成绩。
5.Teachers usually appreciate students who always want to know more.
老师通常都会喜欢求知欲强的学生。
6.Most teachers are willing to do as much as necessary to help students to achieve their goals.
绝大多数的老师都愿意尽力帮助学生达到他们的目标。
7.Some of them are willing to go the extra mile for their students because they know the students are eager to learn.有些老师愿意为学生牺牲下班后的时间，因为他们知道学生渴望学习。
8.They are very dedicated to their profession and to their students.
他们对自己的职业和学生都很尽责。
讲解：
1.Students like this should be encouraged.
这一句是笼统的说法。我们还可以将着眼点放在具体的某一方面：
Students should be encouraged to be active in learning.
（学习积极）
to be active learners.
（学习积极）
to think for themselves.
（独立思考）
to be independent thinkers.
（独立思考）
to challenge themselves.
（挑战自我）
to always finish their homework on time.
（及时完成作业）
to go further and further in their studies.
（学习上不断进取）
They should ask questions，and not let any difficult points get by.
他们应该善于提问题，而不要将难点放过去。
Students should always fully understand a day’s lesson，and not wait for the next day to come before asking a question.
学生应该将当天的课在当天弄懂，在课堂上要及时提问，不要等到第二天。
三、实例
Sample 1
A boy is sitting in.the teacher’s office,asking his teacher some questions about his homework.He is wearing a backpack,so it appears that he is on his way home,but has stopped for a few minutes to ask his teacher a question.Perhaps he needs further explanation to better understand a part of the text that is complicated or to solve a difficult problem in his book.He is obviously selfmotivated and a good student.The boy would surely prefer to be talking with his friends or playing sports after school,but he knows that learning his lessons well is the most important thing for him right now.He wants to understand the confusing part of his homework without delay.This type of student will always do well.He is a“selfstarter”,that is.someone who doesn’t need other people to push him to do things.He will take the initiative to do things well himself.
Sample 2
The teacher is sitting behind her desk in her office.She has long hair and she is dressed very professionally.The clock on the wall shows that it’s 3：40 in the afternoon,so school has ended,but the teacher is still talking with the boy about his studies.She seems to enjoy helping the boy understand his homework.Good teachers extend extra effort to help their students,and they are always excited about students who are trying to learn.Even though school has been out for several minutes,this teacher is not in a hurry to go home herself.She is always ready to help her students to understand the lessons better.This teacher is very dedicated to her profession and to her students.