when和while用作连词时的区别,本文主要内容关键词为:连词论文,区别论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。
when和while在英语中相当活跃,其意义丰富,用法灵活。when和while均可用作从属连词,表时间关系,又可起并列连词的作用,但它们也有一些区别。
一、用作从属连词(subordinating conjunction),引导时间状语从句,表示“当……的时候”“在……其间”。
在此用法中,while强调的是从句和主句的动作或事情同时发生,表示“一段时间”(a period of time),因此该从句的谓语动词应是延续性动词(或是状态动词)。例如:
While the child was playing with his toys,his parents were reading books.孩子在玩玩具,他的父母在看书。(指一段时间内从句和主句的动作同时发生)
While I stayed(or was)in Shanghai,I saw her three times.我在上海期间见了她三次。(指一段时间)
when所引导的时间状语从句中,从句和主句的动作或事情可同时发生,既可表示“一段时间”,又可表示“一点时间”(a point of time),因此该从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,但当从句的动作发生于主句之前时,只能用when,而不能用while。试比较下列几个句子:
误:While you have finished your homework,you may have a rest.
正:When you have finished your homework,you may have a rest.
(从句的动作发生于主句之前。when所引导的时间状语从句中,从句部分一般用现在完成时代替将未完成时,用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。)
误:While I stood up,I dropped my glasses.
正:When I stood up,I dropped my glasses.
(stand up是瞬时性短语动词)
正:When/While we were at school,we went to the library every day.
正:While/When we were having a meeting,a stranger came in.
二、when和while用作并列连词(coordinating conjunction),又称等立连词。
when用作并列连词时,其意义为就在“那时/这时”(at that/this time,just at this/that moment,just then),“然后”(and then)。在这些用法中,when引导的句子不能放在句首,其前面可用逗号隔开,也可不用。它通常和下列几个结构连用。在下列几个结构中,when连接的并列句中的谓语动词一般用过去时,另一并列句的谓语用过去进行时或过去完成时:
1.be doing sth.when...
Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.汉斯正坐在火炉边烤火,突然听到一阵敲门声。
2.had hardly/almost done sth.when...
Hardly had I got to school when the bell rang.我一到学校(这时)铃就响了。
3.be about to do sth.when...
We were about to set out,when it began to rain.我们正要出发,突然起了雨。
4.be+表状态的介词短语+when...
I was in bed when suddenly I heard someone shout,“Iceberg!Iceberg ahead!”我在床上,这时我突然听到有人喊:“冰山!前面有冰山!”
while用作并列连词时,表对立关系,意为“而”、“却”(but,whereas),可放在句首。
While their country has plenty of oil,ours has none.他们国家有很多石油,而我们国家却没有。
You like sports while I like music.你喜欢运动,我却喜欢音乐。