吕古贤[1]1989年在《胶东半岛构造—岩相形式及玲珑—焦家式金矿的构造动力成岩成矿地质特征研究》文中研究说明ON THE TECTONO - PETROFACIES FORM AND LINGLONG-JIAOJIA-TYPE GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE JIAODONG PENINSULA, CHINALii GuxianInstitute ofGeomechanics, CAGS, Fahuasi, 100081, Beijing, ChinaIntroductionThe Jiaodong Peninsula is one ot" the most important bases of primary gold resource and mining in China, of which the gold mining history can be traced back to the Tang and Song Dynasties (1007) and the geological study has been extensively and deeply made since the 1930s.The term "Linglong-type gold deposit" is derived from the research paper "Linglong Gold-Copper Deposit in Zhaoyuan County, Shandong Province" by prof. Guo Wenkui (1949) . The 6th Geological Party of Shandong (1977) found another type of gold deposit, named the Jiaojia- type gold deposit. Deposits of the Linglong type (quartz vein type) and Jiaojia type (veinlet-disseminated phyllic rock type) form the main commercial reserves of the study area, and are generally considered to be one type of gold deposits in recent researches.This paper puts forward the term "Linglong-Jiaojia type" (quartz vein-phyllic altered cataclasite type in shear zone) for describing the large gold deposits mentioned above, which are at present of a new gold deposit type in the world (Lu Guxian and Kong Qingehun, 1987) . Based on the theories of geomechanics and tectonodynamic petrogenesis and metallogenesis (Li Siguang, 1929; Yang Kaiq-ing, 1979), the author has studied the distribution of petrofacies and gold ore controlled by structrues of different orders involved in this type of deposits, discussed further the characteristics of sturctural control over generation of the petrofaeies and deposits, and emphatically analysed the physieoehemical genesis of these processes on the basis of "the ef- fect of tectonodynamics on hydrostatic pressure".AⅠ.Tectono-petrofacies Form in the Jiaodong PeninsulaOn the basis of deformation, the author has classified the structural features and de-fined structural zones and domains with varying deformation intensities, i.e. the compressive, shear and tensile zones and domains. This involves the establishment of an-other concept the tectono-petrofacies form, which means a combination of structural zones and domains with a certain distribution and a genetic relation to geologic and tectonic processs, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic facies affected by tectonics as well as physicochemical conditions and geologic environment reflecting their formation and development.This paper formally puts forward that there are dense ENE regional linear structures in the study area and assigns the NE compresso-shear sturetures in the west part of the area to the Cathaysian, through field geologic work and compilation of 1:200, 000 tectono-petrofacies maps. On such a basis, the paper defines a reversed "S" shape or fiat-lying "～" shape for the arcuate fault-fold metamorphic petrofacies form extending in the E-W direction in the pro-Mesozoic (?) basement and a reversed "(?)" shape for the tectono-petrofacies form in thc Mesozoic.The latter is regard as the structure controlling the mineralization of gold.Ⅱ.Ore Source Series (Sequence) of Linglong-Jiaojia-type Gold DepositsWhat is the gold source? The Jiaodong Group, the mantle, the Guojialing dioritic granite, or the Luanjiahe granite7 These opinions, which have their respective geologic evidences, are still controversial. The author has established an evolution series of source rocks which is deseribed as follows: as their carrier rocks were formed, changed and de-formed, the mineralizing materials were discontinuously dispersed, transported and redistributed and finally produced a deposit; this process plus the rock associations re-flecting the process constitutes the evolution series. In the light of the temporal and spatial relations of the rock associations with the mineralizatoin, we classify thc Precambrian metamorphic rocks as the intermediate source series whose original submarine intermediate-basic volcanics and elastics are the initial ore source series, and the granites formed by metasomatism and remelting of them are the direct ore source rocks.An extensive study of geological characteristics of consanguineous evolution of source sequences has been made. A lot of evidence has been obtained from isotopic and other re-searches: 1) The Jiaodong Group is consistent in common lead composition with the de-posits: theirμvalues are respectively 9:31 and 9.24, Th/U values 4.02 and 4.17, and their model-lead ages are alike, too, showing that they were derived from the samc mother rock; 2) the averages ofδ~(34)S of the Jiaodong Group, the granites and the depos-its are all positively deviated from that of meteoritic sulfur, being 7.4％, 9.5％。and 9.1％, respectively; 3) the initial whole-rock (87)~Sr/(86)~Sr ratios of the three kinds of granites and that of the single mineral of deposits are similar, i.e. 0.718, 0.714, 0.709 md 0.7116, respectively, suggesting that they are products of the same geological pro-cess of crust source; 4)δ(18) O ofquartz from the three kinds of granites are 9.0％, 10.4％。and 8.34%, and that of hydrothermal fluids of quartz of gold ore is 9.18％, andδD is smaller, falling in the magmatic field when plotted on a diagram.Besides remarkable geological characterstics, there are other evidence for distin-guishing ore source series or sequences; 1) difference exists in age; 2) the lead isotope of deposits is distributed along the (204)~pb errorchron, but that of the Jiaodong Group and its quartz veins forms a secondary isochron, reflecting the difference in direct source, al-though the lead evolution curves of both of them intersects the single-stage lead curve at 850 Ma; 3)δ(34)~S of deposits is close to that of direct source rocks but quite different from that of intermediate ore source rocks; 4) the gold content of intermediate ore source rock is higher (19.1 ppb), and that ofthd direct rock lower (4.25 ppb), but the gold contents of the latter's hydrothcrmally altered veins (9.76ppb) and derivative dike rock (66.3 ppb) are high; 5) the REE pattern shows that the ore source rocks had evolvedtoward a higher degree ofmagmatization and have a high enrichment in La, Ce, Pr and Nd that reflects a strong and wide alteration of K and Na.Ⅲ.Attributes of Tectono-magmatic FaciesIn previous studies, granitcs were distinguished mainly by remelting degree, protolith and content of mantle material, ctc.. The author has made study of this problem in terms of different attributes of tectono-magmatic petrofacies.The Linglong-type gneissoid biotite granite has the c-s fabric (α≈30°±), showing a superposition of shearing on compression; the Guojialing-type porphyritic dioritic granite possesses the c-s fabric (α≈0°±), suggesting a stationary compression; the LuanJiahe-typc equigranular granite is charaeterised mainly by intrusion, with the rock bodies showing a tensile deformation and a non-oriented fabric. A geotectonic researcb in-dicates that the characteristics of development (＞164 Ma±→134 Ma±→124Ma±) from shear, compessive to tensile structural petrofacies are suitable to the environment of the Indosinian and Yanshanian movements in eastern China.From the comprcsso-shear structural Linglong-type granite, the compressive struc-tural Guojialing-type granite to the tensile Luanjiahe-type granite, the petrochemical composition changes from a moderate to low to high acidity; the marie composition from being moderate to high to low; the distance from the eutectic area and trough for projec-tion points in the Q-Or-Ab and An-Ab-Or triangle diagram varies from moderate to great to small; the DI and PL frequency diagrams show that the tensile facies have a bimodal distribution in the intermediate-basic area, and the DI and PL peak values of three kinds of granites are 80～90→73～82→85～93 and 7～17→13～23→5～10 respectively and in proper order; in the AFM diagram, the points are concentrated to-wards the top of alkali at a low angle to the AF line, then almost perpendicular to the FM line as a whole, and then parallel to the AF line with a few points being dispersed near the FM line; with increase of SiO_2, the CaO / Na_2O＋K_2O ratio decreases slightly in two di-rections, then decreases little or is almost unchanged, and then sharply decreases. The compressional and tensional petrofacies are comparable with the study results of over 1300 samples from the coasts ofthe Pacific and Atlantic (Petro, W.L., 1979), and the shear petrofacies can be used for explaining and supplementing the data previously considered to be a reflection between the above two petrofacies.V.Linglong-Jiaojia-type Gold DepositsThese gold deposits are the pyrite quartz vein-phyllie altered cataclasite type occurring in shear zone of granite of the Mesozoic. Material base of alteration-remelting of the granites comes from a Precambrian sedimentary-metamorphic series containing interme-diate-basic volcanics. Because of different properties of ore-controlling structurs, these deposits can be assigned to two forms or types of mineralization; the Linglong quartz vein and the jiaojia altered rock, which are closely associated with each other and have similar and evenly distributed isotopic compositions of Pb, S, O, C, etc., an indication that they are postmagmatic hydrothermal deposits with the same genesis.V.Zoning of DepositsIt was generally considered that there is a vertical zoning for single ore body, with the quartz vein being in the upper part and the phyllic rock in the lower. Research shows that in the Linglong ore field, the three sets of structural mineralization zones arc all characterised by a horizontal zoning with a gradual change from phyllic alteration ore body in the main comprcsso-shear zone to quartz vein in the tcnso-shear zone of the foot wall. In measuring geloical sections, we have discovered that the phyllic foliation has a conju-gate relation with gold quartz veins, but is opposite in dip to them, when using a set of stable phyllic structural foliations with the same dip as the main compresso-shear zone. Drilling and excavation show that the shallower part is a phyllic ore body with the same SE.dip as the main comprcsso-shear zone, but the lower part becomes a quartz-vein ore body dipping northwest. In the Jiaojia gold deposit, a set of quartz flow cleavages parallel to the main structure is in a conjugate relation to a swarm of quartz-sulfide veins. These features, coupled with the characteristics of the wide alteration and mineralization zoning in this region, make it reasonable to believe that the early mineralized altered phyllic rock associated with primary conjugated shear faults was later converted into supcrposed phyllic ore body in compresso-shear zone and into metasomatic-infiUing ore quartz vein in tensso-shcar zone.The crystal characters of pyrite of thc q uartz-vein and phyllic ore bodics change in the same way downward :｛100｝→｛100｝→｛111｝→｛210｝→｛100｝→｛210｝; the el-emcnt associations of them also vary similarly: For thc phyllic orc, Sb, Ag, Au, Se, Bi→(AS), Ba, Mo→Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, and for the quartz vein, Ag, As, Au, Co, Bi→(Sb), Cu, Ni, Mo→Zn, Mn, W. The two types of orcbodics are parallelly developed, without vertical connection.Ⅳ. Structural and Tectono-dynamic ControlsIn section, the phyllic orcbody of main compresso-shear zone and the quartz vein of tensso-shear zone with an opposite dip in the foot wall form a lambda-typc pattern, but in plan, they extend parallelly. The phyUic orebodies arc thicker and larger, with a lower but stable tenor (5.13g/t), of which the gold mineral contains 63～70% Au and the ore is low in sulfur (3～4%); the quartz vein bodies are Smaller and greatly varied, with a tenor of 10～25g/t, of which the gold mineral has 50～60% Au (generally Ag＞Au) and the ore is high in sulfur (8～20% ) .In addition,δ~(34)S values of the quartz veins are lower, averaging 7‰, but those of altered rock are higher, averaging 9.22‰. In the sec-tion of the Potouqing NE ore zone, the purity of gold changes from 898.9, 958.7, 761.2 to 454.4 from the center of the zone to the foot wall; orebodies of structural zones are somewhat different in REE distribution, with LREE being concentrated in tenile zone and HREE in compresso-shear zone, Alteration characteristics are not the same: during alteration, Si, K, OH and Fe increased but Na and Al decreased in phyllic altered ore zone, whereas K, Fe, OH and Mg increased but Si and Na reduced in quartz vein zone. In short, these regular changes reflecting the diffferences of physicochemical condi-tions suggest that the differences in macroscopic mineralization type, geochemical anoma-ly and location of industrial orebodies are caused by the effect and control of tectono-dy. namies.P_t~s=-0.182＋0.142α＋0.441x＋0.337αx-0.02α~2where x is the latitudinal evenly distributed force; assuming y is the longitudinalforce, we need only to defineα=Y/X.3.The additional hydrostatic pressure is regarded not only as the physical variablc, causing the change of rock volume but also as a physicochemical parameter affecting chem-ical process.Ⅱ.Depth-Measuring Method with Tectoinie correctionThe depth was traditionally estimated by the pressure value derived from inclusion or mineral ,measurement. The pressure measurements of the vertical and horizontal systems at Xishan, Linglong, show that the vertical pressure gradient is up to 120b±/100m, but the total pressure gradient of rock load and fluid pressure is less than 50b±/100m. This suggests that some other pressure source should be considered. The horizontal pres-sure gradient is up to 50b±/100 m in the area.We may measure the strain and ancient stress (using mineral dislocation-density method) in rock samples and suppose that the ratio between plastic strain and general strain is a constant.(?)is a constant,(?)by means of the equations:we may get the values of 3 principal stresses, which are the values of stresses causing residual (plastic) deformation.Based on this, we may obtain the structurally added hydrostatic presssure.The measurement of orebodyⅠat 70 m beiow surface in the Jiaojia gold deposit indi-cates that the metallogenetic depth of the orebody is-918.59m±(on the basis of 1300 atm) or-543m±(on the basis, of 1200 atm), quite different from the depth of 3～4km estimated by previous scientists.Ⅲ.Physicochemieal State of Petrogenesis and Metallogenesis in Tectono-Mineralization ZoneMeasurement and calculation of the composition of mineralization fluid and relevant parameters have resulted the following;1 .Variation of contents of constituentsThe mineralization fluid constituents at high-and low-temperature stages in different structural zones vary similarly, i.e.with high contents of K~+, Na~+, CI~-, SO_4~4, CO_2and H_2O and low contents of Ca~(++), Mg~(++) and CO in tensile zone. However, the content ranges of high-and low-temperature constituents differ greatlly: ratio values of K~+,Na~+, SO_4~4 and CO of fluid of different structural zones at high-temperature stage are 0.837, 0.51, 0.248 and 0.994 repectively, but the tatio values at low-temperature stage are 1.44, 0.247, 0.076 and 4.54 rcspectively. This shows that the large-scale migration and dispersion of fluid constituents took place at the high-temperature stage, but the great change in contents of the constituents that affected the mineralization took plaee mainly in the medium-to low-temperature stage.2.Changes of activities of the constituentsThe ratios of activities of K+in three sections of the Linglong gold field are 1.845 (1.002 at higher temperature), 15.41 and 21.26, while those of Na+are 0.669, (0.655 at higher temperature), 0.40 and 0.965. It is thus clear that the change of alkali closely re-lated with gold metallogenesis was caused mainly by the distinct variation of K~+ activity in different strucural zone.3.Variation of physicochemical parametersThe reducing index is high in compression zone, and low in tension zone. For in-stance, the reducing indexes of the NNE zone in the Linglong gold ficld are 0.166 and 0.026 respectively in compression and tension zones, and those of the NE zone are 0.55 and 0.013. The pH valus of altered rocks in compression zone are low, e.g. they are 5.7047 and 6.3778 in two structurd places in the NNE zone and 5.8599 and 7.8427 in two places in the ENE zone. The fugacity of sulfur in compressive zone is high, whereas the fugacity of oxygen in tensile zone is high.Ⅳ.Order and Direction of the Development of Tectono-petrofacies ZoneUnder other identical or similar conditions, a tensile domain (zone) and compressive domain (zone), as a whole relatively closed system, may develop freely, in which the chemical reaction and evolution proceed always in the dircction of the genera. tion of rock and mineral of tensile area. This can be proved by the following:If P_1 and P_2 reprcsent two local pressure states,where(?)If P_2＞P_1,△G＞O, Thus the process will not proceed spontaneously in nature.If P_2＜P_1,△G＜O, Thus the process can proceed spontaneously in nature, and develop from P_1 state to P_2 state.CⅠ.Shear solutionThe following is the recognition and study of shear solution. The grey quartz in quartz vein of tensile zone exhibits a euhedral-subhedral equigranular texture, and is arranged along the "X" conjugate shear trend to make up an oriented structure. The'existence of such an arrangement has been further verified by X-ray fabric study of quartz {1010}. The texture and structure, which are considered to be a "shear solution', can not be ex-plained by the "pressure solution" theory. This shear sloution marks a kind of mechanism of deformation and petrofaeies change, by which the rock and mineral acted upon by force are characterised mainly by solution on conjugated shear plane and by precipitation and crystallization in vertical shearing direction (Lu Guxian, 1982).Ⅱ.The classification of Compresso-sbear zoneThe main compresso-shear zones in the study area can be divided into threesubtypes: the poly-track, po]y-directional; the single-track, double-directional; and the single-track, single-directional. They ruoghly have their respective corre- sponding zones of tectonites, i.e. the beaded braccia-shattered mylonite zone, the rod-like braccia-shattered mylonite-mylonite zone and the schistose (lenticular) braccia-mylonite zone. This classification provides new indicators for identifying the mode of tectonism and the formational process of structures, and is thus helpful to the study of shear zone in the future.Ⅲ.The pattern of the en echelon structuresThe en echelon veins and faults in the study area are grouped into four patterns: the left oblique-left dipping, the left oblique-right dipping, the right oblique-left dipping and the right oblique-right dipping. The classification is of practical significance in mining and exploration of mineral deposits.The author is grateful to Prof. Yang kaiqing for his direct guidance in preparation of this DSC dissertation.
吕古贤[2]1991年在《胶东半岛构造-岩相形式及玲珑-焦家式金矿的构造动力成岩成矿地质特征研究》文中研究表明玲珑-焦家式金矿是指胶东前寒武变质岩系内中生代花岗岩含金剪切带石英脉-绢英质蚀变岩金矿类型。由于赋矿及成矿构造性质不同,该类矿床可分为明显有别的两种典型矿床类别。区域成矿作用受中生代“N”形断陷构造-岩相形式与基底反“S”弧形断褶-变质岩相形式的复合控制。成矿是沉积→变质→交代和重熔作用发生发展的综合结果。开展矿源岩系(序)列研究,划分成矿花岗岩类为剪切、挤压及引张构造-岩浆岩相,并提出了室内外鉴别标志。 作者在对各层次岩石结构、形变与成分、相变等相关的地质事实研究基础上进一步探讨了成因,侧重以“构造作用力影响成岩成矿静水压力”的观点建立了理论、数学模型,实测了古应力、古压力及其它成矿物理化学参数,从而论证了构造附加静水压力是变形岩石发生相应相变的主要动力因素,构造附加静水压力不仅是使变形岩石体变的物理量,而且是影响、制约其中成岩成矿化学过程的物理化学参变量。
吕古贤[3]1991年在《胶东半岛构造-岩相形式及玲珑-焦家式金矿的构造动力成岩成矿地质特征研究》文中提出玲珑-焦家式金矿是指胶东前寒武变质岩系内中生代花岗岩含金剪切带石英脉- 绢英质蚀变岩金矿类型。由于赋矿及成矿构造性质不同,该类矿床可分为明显有别的两种典型矿床类别。区域成矿作用受中生代“N”形断陷构造-岩相形式与基底反“S”弧形断褶-变质岩相形式的复合控制。成矿是沉积→变质→交代和重熔作用发生发展的综合结果。开展矿源岩系(序) 列研究,划分成矿花岗岩类为剪切、挤压及引张构造-岩浆岩相,并提出了室内外鉴别标志。作者在对各层次岩石结构、形变与成分、相变等相关的地质事实研究基础上进一步探讨了成因,侧重以“构造作用力影响成岩成矿静水压力”的观点建立了理论、数学模型,实测了古应力、古压力及其它成矿物理化学参数,从而论证了构造附加静水压力是变形岩石发生相应相变的主要动力因素,构造附加静水压力不仅是使变形岩石体变的物理量,而且是影响、制约其中成岩成矿化学过程的物理化学参变量。
吕古贤[4]1998年在《构造物理化学基本问题与金矿成矿预测》文中提出本文初步定义构造物理化学为研究地壳物质在构造力作用下发生的物理变化和化学变化相互关系的领域，提出该领域研究的基本问题：构造附加静水压力、构造影响热和构造岩石物理性质、成岩成矿ｐＴ变化及相组成，讨论了该领域的发展和应用前景。本文还以《金矿重点矿化区带隐伏矿床找矿方法和预测》项目（ＪＧ９４７１１０）成果为主，介绍用构造物理化学成矿找矿理论、方法开展金矿成矿预测方面的主要进展。
吕古贤, 刘瑞珣, 王方正, 郭涛, 舒斌[5]2003年在《关于成岩成矿深度构造校正测算的理论基础、方法和实例》文中研究指明成岩成矿深度的构造校正测算方法 ,是从测算压力中先消除掉构造附加静水压力之后再计算上覆岩石厚度 ,即成岩成矿深度的方法。该方法基于对地壳岩石处于固体应力状态的认识之上 ,采用弹性固体模型代替静止流体模型 ,对“上覆岩石重力在数值上等同于该点所承受的静水压力”这一通常的认识提出了不同见解 ,比沿袭至今单纯用压力 /比重 (或密度 )方法得出深度更符合于实际情况。本文介绍了该方法的理论基础和野外地质研究方法———开展变形岩相形迹填图 ,在室内利用三维变形和古差应力测量 ,根据样品所处构造部位和性质 ,选择不同的参数换算成矿时差应力的众值。以胶东玲珑—焦家式金矿床为例 ,求得成矿深度仅3.5km或更浅 ,进而提出更深部位存在深部金矿富集带的预测意见。胶东几个大型金矿深部第二富集带已揭露的勘探资料证实这一认识比较符合实际情况。用这一方法测算出大别超高压带含柯石英榴辉岩形成深度仅 32km多 ,而不是用压力 /比重方法估算的 1 0 0多公里 ,这为大别造山带的构造格局和演化历史的研究提出新的途径和方法
戴雪灵[6]2012年在《山东招远大尹格庄金矿成岩—成矿机理研究》文中研究指明大尹格庄金矿位于郯庐断裂东侧,胶西北隆起区东南缘、招平断裂带中段,是胶东地区重要的超大型蚀变岩型金矿之一,具有“深、大、贫”的特点,金矿体赋存于玲珑花岗岩与胶东群变质岩接触带中的招平断裂带中。本论文在充分收集总结前人在胶东研究成果的基础上,通过野外地质调查、区域地质调研、矿床地质剖析、构造地质解析、岩相学研究、主微量元素分析、流体包裹体示踪、稳定同位素分析等多学科理论的交叉和多手段的运用,以陈国达的多因复成理论为指导,以成岩-成矿机理的研究为主线,描绘了大尹格庄金矿多阶段成岩模式和热液对流循环成矿模式。通过对本区出露的各类岩石进行分析认为本区的绿岩基底原岩为基性火山岩+沉积岩,且斜长角闪岩、变辉长岩等基性岩为源自亏损地幔拉斑玄武质岩浆在海相张性环境中喷发而形成；认为玲珑花岗岩为挤压环境中绿岩基底重熔而成,具有富Si、Al、Ba、Sr、Na,贫Mg、Y、Yb、Ti、HREE和正Eu异常、高的Mg#值等特点,为“似C型埃达克岩”,其产出暗示曾有东部高原的存在；郭家岭花岗岩为地壳整体拉薄大地构造背景下形成壳幔混合型花岗岩；闪长玢岩、煌斑岩的产出代表中生代中晚期该区处于整体拉张的大地构造背景,其均为源于富集地幔的高钾—钾质的中—基性岩脉。在研究矿体产状、规模、品位,矿石的矿物成分、结构构造、矿石类型,脉体及矿物的共生组合、穿插关系、包含关系、溶蚀关系,围岩蚀变类型及蚀变分带特征、包裹体测温资料等的基础上将大尹格庄金矿的成矿划分为6阶段。通过研究6个阶段中的流体包裹体的岩相学、类型、温度、压力、盐度、密度及成分特征,认为成矿早阶段至晚阶段包裹体的类型从气相+气液两相+含CO2三相包裹体变为液相+气液两相包裹体,且温度、压力、盐度不断降低,包裹体成份由H2O-CO2-CH4-H2S变为H2O-CO2-CH4-SO2型,成矿环境由还原环境变为氧化环境。氢、氧同位素结果显示大尹格庄金矿的初始成矿流体为地幔+岩浆流体,而晚期则大气水占优势的特征,显示玲珑花岗岩的流体来源较为复杂既有变质水也有幔源水的参与。碳同位素结果同样显示出初始成矿流体主要为深源,晚期不断有其它流体参与的特征；硫同位素特征则显示该区的硫源具有继承性,且矿石的硫同位素范围与郭家岭花岗岩最为相近的特征,暗示其最直接来源为郭家岭花岗岩。铅同位素特征显示古老铅源特征,与S同位素继承性特征一致,且铅同位素落在一条斜率较陡的直线上,意味着其铅源可能为壳幔混合的特点。综合研究了大尹格庄的构控、层控和岩控的特征,并对成矿物质的多源性、成矿流体的多源性、成矿动力的多源性等进行了探讨,重点对成矿流体的性质、运移、沉淀机制进行了分析,系统剖析了“多因复成”的超大型韧性剪切带的典型特征。将地洼阶段的成矿作用归结为“热液对流”多次循环成矿系统,指示深部有巨大的找矿潜力。
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