跳出英语填空题的思维定势，本文主要内容关键词为：定势论文,英语论文,填空题论文,思维论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
在实施高中新课改的背景下，近年来高考题也随之变得越来越活，越具创新性，越注重考查学生解决问题的能力。如果学生不能打破定势思维，从命题的特点，测试方向和试题角度对试题进行分析，只是用固有的知识去解答，就会中出题人的圈套，掉入试题陷阱。
一、以定语从句为载体设题
例1：
Not far from the club there was a garden,＿＿owner seated in it playing with his children every afternoon.
A.whose B.its C.which D.that
解析：A项的干扰性强，解题的关键是理解“seated”一词，它是过去分词而非谓语的过去式，它不能在句中作谓语，所以后面不是一个非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，故选B项。如果在seated前加上was，或在其后面加himself；或将seated改为sat，则后面成为一个完整的句子，即定语从句，则应选A项。
练习：
(1) In the neighbourhood lives an old lady,＿＿ works sell well nowadays.
A.where B.whose C.her D.which
(2) I met with a small woman yesterday,＿＿ kids taken away hy a stranger.
A.where B.whose C.her D.which
例2:
Now,they are talking about the point about our environment,＿＿ I disagree.
A.which B.that C.how D.Where
解析：A项干扰性强，解答此题的关键是理解“disagree”的用法，其为不及物动词(vi.)。后面不能直接加名词作宾语。故应选D项。
练习：
(3) He has been caught in the case,＿＿ we all worry now.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
例3：
I advised him to give up smoking,but ＿＿ doesn' t help.
A.it B.where C.which D.how
解析：C项干扰性强，解答此题的关键是判定其为并列句而非一个主从复合句，所以but后面是一个独立的句子。故应选A项。若把but删掉，则可选C项构成非限制性定语从句。
练习：
(4) The old man has several daughters,and ＿＿ are doctors.
A.who B.two of whom
C.two of them D.of whom two
(5) Tom bought a new house,but ＿＿ door is too small.
A.its B.whose C.which D.where
例4：
The book was written in 1946,＿＿ the education system has witnessed great changes.
A.whenB.during which
C.since then D.since when
解析：C项干扰性强，解此题的关键是判定其是非限制性定语从句，故选D项。若把“逗号”改为“句号”则应选C项。
练习：
(6) She borrowed a piano from her school last year,＿＿ she has been practicing playing the piano.
A.whichB.from then on
C.from when on D.when
(7) The waiter served you well,＿＿you' d better offer him a tip.
A.in that case B.in which case
C.in case
D.which
例5:
You' d better go to the door,＿＿ you can hear what they are talking about.
A.where B.from where
C.from which
D.from that
解析：该题关键在于认识from一词的用法，其为介词但后面可以加副词或介词短语。如：from here/there,from behind the door.所以该句如拆为两个独立的句子：You'd better go to the door.From behind the door you can hear what they are talking about.由此可见题干中from后省略的是介词短语。在定语从句中表地点，即引导词应用where故最佳答案为B项。B项比A项更形象些。
练习：
(8)You had better go up to the roof,＿＿ you can see the whole city.
A.whereB.from where
C.from which
D.from that
二、以名词性从句为载体设题
例6：
My article differs ＿＿ he wrote.
A.from which
B.from what
C.from thatD.that
解析：此题易误选A项，解题关键是判定其考查名词性从句。differ from区别于＿＿，what引导宾语从句且在句中作write的宾语，且名词性从句中介词后一般不加which故选B项。
练习：
(9)The way he did it was different ＿＿ we were used to.
A.in which B.in where
C.from whatD.from which
三、以强调旬为载体设题
例7：
Where did you get to know her?
——It' s in the farm＿＿I used to work.
A.thatB.where
C.whenD.which
解析：此题易误选A项，因为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who＿＿”的强调句结构是其固有知识，易产生定势思维，此题以省略形式设陷阱。把句子还原后则为：It's in the farm where I used to work that I got to know her.意思是：“我是在我曾经工作过的农场里结识的她。”故应选B项。如选A项，那就是答非所问了。
练习：
(10)Who is making so much noise?＿＿the children.
A.It' sB.They' re
C.That' sD.There' re
四、以特定词的搭配为载体设题
例8：
This is the way you thought of＿＿ the problems.
A.of solving B.to solve
C.being solved D.solving
解析：此题易误选D项，学生受固有知识“介词后加动词V-ing形式”的干扰。解题关键是识别出“you thought of”为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。与way的后置定语形式无直接联系。故正确答案为A和B。
练习：
(11)Every second should be made use of＿＿ the college entrance exam.
A.to prepare for B.preparing for
C.prepared for D.prepare for
(12) The letter I have been looking forward＿＿.How happy I was!
A.to be receivedB.to being received
C.to was received
D.to receive
(13) They suggested that the professor referred to＿＿chairman of the meeting to be held.
A.was madeB.made
C.be made D.making
五、以特定的省略现象为载体设题
例9：
When questioned by the police yesterday,＿＿.
A.he felt very nervous
B.The door bell rang
C.the case would be solved soon
D.he feels so nervous
解析：此题考生可能无从下手。因其固有知识为：“当以when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致且含有系动词时，则从句中的主语及系动词可省略。”而此题是把命题反过来考查，即“当以when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语及系动词可省略，则说明前后主语应是一致的。”再加上question一词的宾语是人。故应选A项。
练习：
(14)Faced with a bill for $ 10,000,＿＿.
A.John has taken an extra job
B.an extra job has been taken
C.an extra job has been given to John
D.the boss has given John an extra job
六、以虚拟条件句为载体设题
例10：
You ＿＿ the test had you prepared for it well.
A.should have passed
B.should pass
C.passed
D.passing
解析：此题关键是识破其出题技巧，其把省略if的虚拟条件句的倒装结构后置。由此可知其完整的句子应是If you had prepared for it well you should have passed the test.故答案是A项。
练习：
(15)I＿＿the bill were I you ,now.
A.would cover B.will cover
C.cover
D.am to cover
练习答案：1-5:B.C.D.C.A
6——10：C.B.B.C.A
11——15：A.C.C.A.A.