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英语学习者在虚拟语气的学习上常对条件句的真实性与非真实性搞不清，以致掌握不好虚拟语气的正确用法。的确，要掌握好虚拟语气的正确用法不是一件简单的事情。但如果我们能够摸索出其中的一些规律，问题也就迎刃而解了。为了让更多的英语学习者了解这方面的信息，笔者结合自己多年的教学实践，将虚拟语气的各种特殊用法归纳如下。
虚拟语气用在非真实性的条件句中，表示与事实相反。当表示与现在事实相反时，条件句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should/would＋动词原形。例如：If I were you,I would quit the job./If we left now,we should arrive in good time.；当表示与过去事实相反时，条件句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用should/would＋完成时。例如：We should have dropped by if we had had time./If we had not followed the reformed and open policy,we would not have won such great achievements in our socialist construction.；当表示与将来事实相反时，条件句的谓语用过去式，主句谓语用should/would＋动词原形。例如：If Imade a mistake,I would try to remedy it./If you dropped the glass on the floor,it would break.
虚拟语气除了用在以if引导的假设从句中外，还有下列几种特殊的用法，英语学习者要加以注意。
一、表示命令，建议，要求和希望这四类动词所带的宾语从句，其谓语为虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。
这类动词有：require,request,ask,advise,order,demand,urge,suggest,recommend,insist,prefer,command,propose,move,wish等。例如：
1.Doctors recommend that a pregnant mother should not take medicine if possible.
2.They insisted that he get a haircut.
3.We demand that this burden be removed.
4.I suggest that he be here about 7:30.
5.They wish they hadn't been late for the film.
这类动词被转换为名词时，后带同位语从句或表语从句，其谓语同样是虚拟语气(should)＋动词原形。例如：
6.He rejected my suggestion that we should appoint Roger as our monitor.
7.My suggestion is that we should listen to his opinion first.
此外，这类动词被转换为被动语态时，后带主语从句，该从句谓语同样是虚拟语气(should)＋动词原形。例如：
8.It's suggested/ordered/requested that we (should) get everything ready by five.
9.It's stressed that every member should in-form himself of these rules.
二、It's+adj.+that-clause：在此句型中，主语从句的谓语为虚拟语气：(should)＋动词原形。
这类形容词有：necessary,essential,important,vital,advisable,urgent,proper,keen,compulsory,preferable,appropriate等。例如：
1.It's essential that every child have the same educational opportunities.
2.It's urgent that we pay the bill immedia-tely.
3.It's advisable that Tim be assigned to the job since he is well experienced.
三、It'S time(Or:high time/about time)+that-clause：在此句型中，主语从句的谓语用过去式表示虚拟，表示“该做……”。
例如：
1.It's time you consulted the man in the street about this matter.
2.It's high time that some was done about the traffic problem downtown.
3.It's about time that we stopped work and went home.
四、as if/as though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句，谓语动词用过去式，表示虚拟语气，表示“好像，似乎”。例如：
1.I feel as if/though I were going to fall.
2.They take care of me as if I were their son.
3.It appears as if nothing had happened.
五、I would rather/sooner引导的宾语从句，谓语动词也用过去式表示虚拟语气，表示“宁愿”。例如：
1.I would rather I were not at the site of the accident.
2.I would rather he took(should take) me over the crossing.
3.I would sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.
六、If only引导的从句，谓语动词用过去式表示虚拟语气。可作为一个句子使用，表示愿望，译为“但愿”。例如：
1.If only he knew we miss him.
2.If only I had read the book on the reading list before I attended the lecture.
3.If only she hadn't told him about it,every-thing would have been all right.
七、for fear that-clause/lest that-clause的状语从句，常用虚拟语气：should＋动词原形，表示“惟恐”。例如：
1.He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands.
2.He was punished lest that he should make the same mistake again.
八、错综时间条件句
当条件句的动作与主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的虚拟形式要根据时间做出相应的调整。例如：
1.If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would be quite all right now.
2.If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldn't be smiling.
3.She wouldn't be able to speak English so well if she hadn't been practising it constantly.
九、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时表示虚拟语气的条件句并不以条件句的形式表示出来，而是以形容词，名词，介词短语，动词不定式或其他方式表示。例如：
1.A true husband wouldn't have deserted his wife.(=A husband wouldn't have deserted his wife if he had been true.)
2.It would have been a pang to lose you.(=If I had lost you,it would have been a pang.)
3.He would have been foolish to do it.(=Ifhe had done it,it would be foolish of him.)
4.He might have been killed but for the ar-rival of the police.(=He might have been killed if the police hadn't arrived.)
5.Another half hour and all doors would be locked.(=If we should delay another half hour,alldoors would be locked.)
6.Another man in your place would have acted much worse.(=Another man would have acted much worse if he had been in your place.)
十、混合类型
根据句意的需要，在一个句子中，虚拟语气可与陈述语气或祈使语气混合使用。例如：
1.I'll be much obliged to you if you could help me.
2.If you could be passing,do come and see me.
3.If he lies,he should be punished.
十一、虚拟语气的倒装语序
当省略条件句的引导词if时，条件句中的主谓语要倒装，即谓语置于主语之前。例如：
1.Had you come earlier,you would have seen him.(=If you had come earlier,...)
2.I'd be glad to help her,should she need some help.(=...if she should need some help.)
3.Should you want some information,call a-gain tomorrow.(=If you should want some infor-mation,...)
十二、向他人提出建议，要求，邀请，批评时，虚拟语气使语气更委婉礼貌些。例如：
1.The medicine might have cured your cough.
2.You might have been more careful about it.
3.Would you tell me the time,please？
4.I'd love to go and see your performances.