克唑替尼治疗ALK阳性晚期肺腺癌胰腺转移致胰腺炎1例报告并文献复习论文_朱蕾,朱琳瑞,黄宁,张建勇(通讯作者),周亮

(遵义医学院附属医院呼吸二科 贵州 遵义 563000)

【摘要】目的:提高对晚期肺腺癌胰腺转移致胰腺炎临床特点的认识,重视该类病人的分子靶向治疗。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的1例ALK阳性晚期肺腺癌患者胰腺转移致胰腺炎后,口服克唑替尼行分子靶向治疗,并进行文献复习。以“肺癌”“胰腺炎”“胰腺转移”为检索词检索万方数据库和知网数据库,以“lung cancer、bronchogenic carcinoma、bronchopulmonary carcinoma、bronchial carcinoma、bronchopulmonary cancer”、“Pancreatitis”、“pancreas metastasis”为检索词检索Pubmed数据库,检索时间为2000年2月—2018年3月。结果:患者女,70岁,2018年2月因“咳嗽、咳痰6月,腹痛3月,加重1天”入院,胸部CT提示左肺上叶约63×40mm团块密度增高影;腹部CT见大小约28mm×20mm环形不规则强化影;患者于外院经胸水细胞学检查确诊肺腺癌(ALK阳性),予培美曲塞单药化疗1疗程出院;出现严重骨髓抑制等不良反应,因呼吸衰竭等入住ICU,后出现腹痛,血尿淀粉酶升高,考虑为肺癌胰腺转移致胰腺炎;因患者化疗后副作用较大,故予口服克唑替尼治疗,20天后症状完全缓解,复查胸部CT双肺结节明显缩小及胸腔积液减少,淀粉酶恢复正常,胰腺病变较前缩小,出院随诊3个月患者急性胰腺炎症状未复发,其后1个月死亡(具体不详)。文献检索后经过筛选剔除,共检索出相关文献31篇,包含疾病相关高质量综述6篇,病例报告20篇,其他类型文献5篇。结论:肺腺癌胰腺转移致胰腺炎较少见,化疗效果差,不良反应明显,分子靶向治疗有助于改善预后,临床应予重视,提高该病诊治水平。

【关键词】克唑替尼;肺腺癌;ALK阳性;胰腺炎;胰腺转移

【中图分类号】R734.2 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-1752(2019)03-0067-02

A case of pancreatitis induced by pancreatic metastasis of advanced alk-positive lung adenocarcinoma treated with crizotinib and literature review

Zhu Lei,Zhu Linrui,Huang Ning,Zhang Jianyong(Corresponding author),Zhou Liang.

Zunyi Medical College Affiliated Hospital,Guizhou Zunnyi 563000,China

【Abstract】Objective To improve the understanding of the clinical features of pancreatitis caused by pancreatic metastasis of advanced lung adenocarcinoma and pay more attention to molecular targeted therapy for these patients.Methods After pancreatitis induced by pancreatic metastasis in a patient with advanced alk-positive lung adenocarcinoma treated in our hospital, molecular targeted therapy was performed by oral crizotinib and literature review was conducted.As the "lung cancer" and "Pancreatitis" the search term "transfer" pancreas retrieval database and network database, ten thousand party to "lung cancer,bronchogenic carcinoma,bronchopulmonary carcinoma,bronchial carcinoma,bronchopulmonary cancer", "Pancreatitis", "pancreas metastasis" for the retrieval word retrieval Pubmed database, The retrieval time is from February 2000 to March 2018.Results The patient was 70 years old.In February 2018,she was admitted to the hospital because of "cough,coughing for 6 months, abdominal pain for 3 months, and aggravation for 1 day."Chest CT showed an increase in the density of the left upper lobe of about 63×40 mm.About 28mm×20mm annular irregular enhancement shadow; patients diagnosed lung adenocarcinoma (ALK positive) by pleural effusion cytology in the external hospital, discharged with pemetrexed monotherapy for 1 course of treatment;serious adverse reactions such as bone marrow suppression, respiratory failure After staying in the ICU,abdominal pain occurred,blood urease amylase increased,considering pancreatitis caused by pancreatic metastasis of lung cancer; due to the side effects of chemotherapy after chemotherapy,patients were treated with oral crizotinib.After 20 days,the symptoms were completely relieved.The pulmonary nodules were significantly reduced and the pleural effusion was reduced,the amylase returned to normal,and the pancreatic lesions were reduced.The acute pancreatitis symptoms did not recur after 3 months of follow-up,and died one month later (specifically unknown).After the literature search,it was screened and removed.A total of 31 related literatures were retrieved, including 6 high-quality reviews of disease,20 case reports,and 5 other types of literature.Conclusion Pancreatitis caused by pancreatic metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma is rare,with poor chemotherapy effect and obvious adverse reactions.Molecular targeted therapy is helpful to improve the prognosis, which should be paid more attention to in clinic and improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

【Key words】Crizotinib;Lung adenocarcinoma;ALK positive;Pancreatitis;Pancreas transfer

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,50%~60%在就诊时已属于晚期。肺癌晚期远处转移至胰腺者较少见,而转移至胰腺导致急性胰腺炎者更为少见,胰脏转移性侵犯是急性胰腺炎的罕见病因,大多数此类患者没有胰腺疾病症状[1],少数患者有腹痛、黄疸等症状,临床上常被误诊,此时患者病情危重,多呈衰竭状态,以往常因患者不能耐受化疗和放疗而放弃积极治疗,患者总生存时间(OS)显著缩短。分子靶向药物治疗是近几年来治疗晚期肺癌有效方法,患者常常获益。现将我院明确诊断并经克唑替尼治疗的ALK阳性晚期肺腺癌胰腺转移致急性胰腺炎1例报道如下,并进行文献复习。

1.临床资料

女性,70岁,2018年2月因“咳嗽、咳痰6月,腹痛3月,加重1天”入院。6个月前患者出现咳嗽、咳痰,伴活动后胸闷、气促,外院胸部CT提示左肺上叶约63×40mm团块密度增高影、双肺多发小结节、双肺胸膜及纵膈淋巴结转移,腹部CT提示胰腺体部前上方肿大淋巴结(转移性)压迫致胰尾胰管扩张。胸腔穿刺后胸腔积液查见疑腺癌细胞,细胞病理学检查提示胸水涂片考虑腺癌,免疫组化提示CK7(+)、P40(-)、TTF-1灶(+)、Calretinin(-)、Napsin(-)、Vimentin(-)及ALK-V阳性,血液EGFR基因检测为野生型。外院予培美曲塞化疗1疗程后出院,后因出现严重骨髓抑制、呼吸衰竭、腹痛加重等转院至我院ICU,胸部CT考虑左肺上叶中央型肺Ca并肺不张、双肺多发小结节、胸膜结节及纵膈淋巴结增大、心包积液、左侧胸腔积液,与前相比,左肺结节增多,左侧胸腔积液稍减少,腹部CT见大小约28mm×20mm环形不规则强化影。血淀粉酶700U/L(正常值为0~220U/L),尿淀粉酶3916U/L,血常规白细胞为0.67×109/L,头颅MR、骨ECT、腹部及肾上腺彩超未见转移灶,C反应蛋白等未见异常。患者无发热,体重较前下降10Kg,既往体健,无吸烟与饮酒史。查体:慢性病容,消瘦,左下肺第六肋间以下叩诊呈浊音;腹肌稍紧张,无压痛及反跳痛,余查体未见异常。予禁食、胃肠减压等对症治疗后,症状无缓解,后予口服克唑替尼治疗,腹痛逐渐减轻以至缓解,一般情况明显好转,血尿淀粉酶恢复正常,治疗25天后出院,定期返院复查。

图一是口服克唑替尼前行胸部CT平扫+增强:肺窗可见左肺不张、大量胸腔积液及肺部高密度影,图二是口服克唑替尼治疗20天后复查胸部CT,可发现胸腔积液及肺部病变较前明显吸收及缩小,左上肺部分复张;图三患者入院时腹部增强CT,见环形不规则强化影,大小约20.1×28.3mm,图四为治疗20天后复查腹部CT,病变较前缩小,大小约15.2×14.2mm(箭头所指处)。

2.文献复习

以“肺癌”“胰腺炎”为检索词检索万方数据库和知网数据库,以“lung cancer、bronchogenic carcinoma、bronchopulmonary carcinoma、bronchial carcinoma、bronchopulmonary cancer”、“Pancreatitis”为检索词检索Pubmed数据库,检索时间为2000年2月至2018年3月。文献检索后经过筛选剔除,共检索出相关文献31篇,包含疾病相关高质量综述6篇,病例报告20篇,其他类型文献5篇。

3.讨论

肺癌是我国肿瘤中的头号杀手,其发病率和死亡率居高不下,并呈现不断增长的严峻形势。我国肺癌患者75%的就诊时已属于中晚期,5年生存率仅为17.8%。临床医生要加强对早期肺癌的筛查,力求早发现、早诊断及早治疗,以改善肺癌患者的预后。

晚期肺癌常见的远处转移部位为脑、骨、肺内、肝等处,胰腺转移较少,而晚期肺癌,尤其是肺腺癌胰腺转移导致急性胰腺炎者更为少见。段建春[2]等人通过回顾性分析北京肿瘤医院收治的35例经病理确诊的肺癌并胰腺转移或治疗过程中出现胰腺转移的患者,28例为小细胞肺癌(80%),腺癌3例(8.6%),鳞癌4例(11.4%),且多数患者无胰腺相关症状,仅4例患者腹痛、黄疸。胰腺转移癌的症状有腹痛、黄疸、体重减轻[3],上消化道出血及急性胰腺炎更较常见于胰腺原发肿瘤;胰腺组织活检可证实胰腺转移,但由于穿刺风险高及并发症多,在这些重症患者中往往难以获得组织诊断,往往依靠病史及影像学表现进行诊断;肺癌晚期胰腺转移导致急性胰腺炎一旦发生,则为急症,往往伴随血尿淀粉酶的增高,需密切关注症状变化及实验室指标,并可通过增强CT扫描监测治疗及随访过程中病变处直径变化;陈雷[4]等人通过分析在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院接受治疗的21例胰腺转移性肿瘤患者的临床资料及CT表现,得出胰腺转移性肿瘤CT表现为多发生在胰体、尾,动脉期呈环形强化或明显均匀强化,较少引起胰管扩张及侵犯胰周血管,且腹部CT表现不典型,既可以表现为单发结节,也可为多发的结节,多表现为不明显强化或强化不明显。肺癌胰腺转移致急性胰腺炎的主要发病机制目前认为与转移性肿瘤或肿大的淋巴结机械性压迫导管和肿瘤侵犯导管引起胰腺的血流供应障碍或中断有关。

目前分子靶向治疗技术已成为继手术、化疗治疗方法后恶性肿瘤晚期患者的又一治疗方法,且治疗后的副作用相对较小,已成为中晚期肺癌患者驱动基因突变阳性的治疗的首选方法。目前国内开展的基因检测主要有表皮生长因子受体(epidermalgrowth factor receptor,EGFR)、间变性淋巴瘤激酶(anaplastic lymphoma kinase,ALK),2007年Soda[5]等人首次发现部分NSCLC患者表达EML4-ALK基因,但表达率较低(3%~7%)[6]。不同的个体之间存在差异,在肺腺癌、病患年纪较小及吸烟较少的患者,EML4-ALK发生融合的几率较高。

EML4-ALK是肺癌的驱动基因,克唑替尼可以抑制EML4-ALK的表达而具有良好的抗肿瘤活性[7]。克唑替尼于2008年首次发现在EML4-ALK阳性肿瘤患者的疗效[8],并在2011年于美国上市,用于治疗ALK阳性的非小细胞肺癌患者。

本例患者初始误诊按一般急性胰腺炎给予禁食、胃肠减压等对症治疗,无明显好转。其后根据患者腹痛表现、血尿淀粉酶明显升高及影像学表现,结合有肺癌的这一基础疾病,在排除急性胰腺炎常见诱因(如高脂血症、暴饮暴食、胆囊结石等)[9]及化疗药物引起的胰腺炎之后,临床诊断肺腺癌胰腺转移致急性胰腺炎,鉴于患者此前曾在外院行培美曲塞化疗1周后出现严重骨髓抑制,无法耐受化疗,而患者胸水癌细胞ALK基因检测为阳性,故予克唑替尼治疗,效果显著,临床症状明显缓解,淀粉酶恢复正常,肺部和胰腺病灶均明显缩小。

国内外文献报道,肺癌晚期患者发生胰腺转移最常见类型为小细胞肺癌,可能与小细胞肺癌较易发生血行转移有关。腺癌的患者发生胰腺转移较少见,应引起重视,常规行EGFR、ALK等基因检测。胰腺外恶性肿瘤以转移性急性胰腺炎作为首发表现十分罕见,临床预后也极差。老年人不明原因的急性胰腺炎,需警惕有无肺癌或其他恶性肿瘤的胰腺转移的可能。该病的临床诊断要依靠临床表现、血液生化检查及影像学改变进行综合判断。当某些患者无法取得活检组织进行靶向基因检测时,胸水、腹水的细胞病理学和分子病理学检查是不容忽视的重要手段。对伴有胰腺转移并发胰腺炎的晚期肺腺癌患者,即使病情严重和全身衰竭,积极寻找驱动基因进行分子靶向治疗仍然是显著改善病情、提高生存质量和延缓生存时间的重要方法。

【参考文献】

[1] Hiotis S P,Klimstra D S,Conlon K C.Results after pancreatic resection for metastatic lesions.[J].Annals of Surgical Oncology,2002,9(7):675-679.

[2]段建春,万蕊,沈剑钦,等.肺癌胰腺转移的临床特点及预后分析[J].中国肺癌杂志,2017,20(8):511-515.

[3] Warshaw A L,Fernándezdel C C.Pancreatic carcinoma[J]. New England Journal of Medicine,1992,326(7):455-65.

[4] Chen L,Zhou Z R.CT analysis of metastatic pancreatic cancer in 21 cases[J].China Oncology,2011,21(1):77-80.

[5] Soda M,Choi Y L,Enomoto M,et al.Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer[J].Nature,2007,448(7153):561-566.

[6] Doval D C,Prabhash K,Patil S,et al.Clinical and epidemiological study of EGFR mutations and EML4-ALK fusion genes among Indian patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung[J].Oncotargets & Therapy,2015,2015(default):117-123.

[7] Yamazaki S,Vicini P,Shen Z,et al.Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of crizotinib for anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibition and antitumor efficacy in human tumor xenograft mouse models[J].Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics,2012,340(3):549-57.

[8] Ou SHI.Crizotinib:a novel and first-in-class multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearranged non-small cell lung cancer and beyond[J].Drug Design Development & Therapy, 2011,5(5):471.

[9]王春友,等.急性胰腺炎诊治指南(2014).临床肝胆病杂志,14,1(2015):1-5.

论文作者:朱蕾,朱琳瑞,黄宁,张建勇(通讯作者),周亮

论文发表刊物:《医药前沿》2019年3期

论文发表时间:2019/3/27

标签:;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  

克唑替尼治疗ALK阳性晚期肺腺癌胰腺转移致胰腺炎1例报告并文献复习论文_朱蕾,朱琳瑞,黄宁,张建勇(通讯作者),周亮
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