聚焦It高考考点，本文主要内容关键词为：考点论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
It的用法是英语中的一个重要语法项目，它不仅是高中语法中的重点和难点，也是高考考查的热点。通过分析历年的考卷可以发现，it考题主要出现在单项填空、短文改错、完形填空或句子翻译中。本文针对it的高考考点，拟谈其主要用法，以帮助大家掌握这一考点。
一、it用作人称代词
1.用作人称代词，用来指代上文提到的事物，也可指代上文整个句子或部分句子的内容
（1）（2009年四川卷）I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I don't have enough money to buy____.
A.oneB.itC.thisD.that
解析：用it指代前面提到的事物“this house with a beautiful garden in front”，故答案选B。
（2）（2009年北京卷）Being a parent is not always easy,and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ____extra stress.
A.itB.themC.oneD.him
解析：用it指代上文所提到的“being the parent of a child with special needs”这件事，故答案选A。
2.起指示代词的作用，指一个事物、动物、婴儿或未知的人
（2000年上海卷）Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see____.
A.who is he
B.who he is
C.who is it
D.who it is
解析：此题由who引导的宾语从句并作从句的表语；it指代只闻其声不见其面的人。故答案选D。
3.用来代替指示代词this或that
（1）—What's this?
—It's an English-Chinese dictionary.
（2）—Whose coat is that?
—It is mine.
二、it作非人称代词
It可用来表示时间、天气、日期、距离、价值、度量、地点、自然现象、环境等。
（1）（2007年浙江卷）—He got his first book published.It turned out to be a bestseller.
—When was____？
—____was in 2000 when he Was still in college.
A.that；ThisB.this；It
C.it；ThisD.that；It
解析：第一空用that指代上文提到的出书的事；第二空用it表示时间。故答案选D。
（2）（1993年全国卷）____from Beijing to London!
A.How long way it is
B.What a long way is it
C.How long way is it
D.What a long way it is
解析：这是一个感叹句，修饰名词用what，it在此句中表示距离。故答案选D。
三、it作形式主语，替代主语从句、动词不定式或动名词短语
1.it作形式主语替代主语从句
（I）It is+某些形容词/名词/过去分词+that…，此句型中it作形式主语，替代由that引导的主语从句。常用形容词有：clear，obvious，true，certain，natural，right，good，curious，surprising等；常用名词有：fun，pity，wonder，shame等；常用过去分词有：said，reposed，believed，thought，known，told，hoped，agreed等。
（1）（2010年陕西卷）It never occurred to me ____you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if
解析：这是个主语从句，it是形式主语，从句句意完整，所以用that来引导这个主语从句，构成句型“It occurs/occurred to sb that...”，意为“突然想起……”。故答案选C。
（2）（2005年湖北卷）He hasn't slept at all for three days.____he is tired out.
A.There is no pointB.There is no need
C.It is no wonderD.It is no way
解析：根据句意“他已经三天没睡了，难怪他精疲力竭”，所以用句型“It is no wonder that...”，that可省略。故答案选C。
（Ⅱ）在“It is suggested/required/ordered/a pity/a shame/no wonder/necessary/strange/commanded/proposed/advised/desired/...+that从句”结构中，该句型和上一个属同一个句型，如果主句中的表语表示请求、建议、命令、提议等意义时，that从句谓语用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
（2004年广东卷）In this country it is required that anyone who ____recently come here ____to pass this kind of test.
A.has; hasB.has; had
C.have; haveD.has; have
解析：在“it is required that clause...”中，这个由that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气，第二空谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。而这个主语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句，定语从句不能用虚拟语气，所以第一空定语从句的先行anyone，从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故答案选D。
（Ⅲ）It is（about）/（high）time that...句型，该句型从句中应用虚拟语气，它的形式是用动词的过去时态表示或用should+动词原形，should不能省略，表示“该是做……的时候……”。如：
It is（high）time you should change your attitude.
（Ⅳ）It is the first/second/third time that...句型，这一句型如果表示现在的情况，主语从句用现在完成时态；如果表示过去的情况，从句则用过去完成时态，并且该句型中that可以省略，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”。如：
—This is the first time I ____my first picture with my own hands.
—It is time that you ____a picture for me.
A.took ;tookB.have taken; took
C.took ;will takeD.will take ;have taken
解析：第一句用句型“It is the first time that...”，表示“这是某人第一次做某事”，这一句型如果主句表示现在的情况，主语从句用现在完成时态；第二句用“It is time that...”，该句型从句中应用虚拟语气，它的形式是动词的过去时态表示或用“should+动词原形”，should不能省略，表示“该是做某事的时候了”。故答案选B。
2.it作形式主语替代不定式
（I）It is adj/n（for/of sb）to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果表示“对某人的赞扬或指责”，不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起；其他情况下的不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起。
（1）（2010年全国卷Ⅱ）The doctor thought ____would be good for you to have a holiday.
A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it
解析：It的两个重要用法是作形式主语和形式宾语。本题考查形式宾语，it在这里代指后面的真正宾语to have a holiday。故答案选D。
（2）It's wrong of you to make fun of others in public.
（Ⅱ）It takes sb...to do sth.该句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，常译为“做……要花费某人……”。
（2010年天津卷）As a new graduate，he doesn't know ____it takes to start a business here.
A.how B.what C.when D.which
解析：这是个宾语从句，从句中用了“It takes sb...to do sth”，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，takes后缺少宾语，所以用what来引导该宾语从句。故答案选B。
（Ⅲ）It is（just）like sb to do sth.意为“某人（恰恰）就是这个样子”，肯定句用来表示“赞成或不满”，否定句则表示怀疑。如：
It is just like her to think of others before thinking of herself.
3.it作形式主语替代动名词短语
句型一：It is no good（no use，useless，senseless，worthwhile）doing sth.
句型二：It is a waste/hard time doing sth.
（1）（2007年全国卷Ⅱ）____felt funny watching myself on TV.
A.OneB.ThisC.ItD.That
解析：根据句法，句中“watching myself on TV”是动名词作主语，所以用it作形式主语。故答案选C。
（2）（2007年山东卷）____worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.It
解析：根据句法，真正的主语是“the way”，而主语后接一个定语从句，可补为“the way（in which/that/不填）he keeps changing his mind”，所以用it作形式主语。故答案选D。
四、it作形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词短语或宾语从句
（1）（2010年辽宁卷）The fact that she was foreign made ____difficult for her to get a job in that country.
A.soB.muchC.thatD.it
解析：句中“for her to get a job in that country”是动词不定式的复合结构作made的宾语，difficult是形容词作宾语补足语，所以要用it作形式宾语。故答案选D。
（2）（2007年天津卷）He didn't make ____clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A.this B.that C.it D.these
解析：make后接复合宾语，it作形式宾语，代替宾语从句“when and where the meeting would be held”，故答案选C。
[考点拓展]it作形式宾语，还可用于下列句型：
①hate/dislike/like it when...
②sb would appreciate it if...
③sb take/hide/see to/insist on/depend on it that...
（2006年山东卷）I'd appreciate ____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A.that B.it C.this D.you
解析：动词appreciate，like，dislike，hate，make等常接it作形式宾语，后面再接if/when引导的从句，if引导条件状语从句。故答案选B。
五、it用于强调句型
1.基本结构：It is（was）+被强调部分+that（who）+句子的剩余部分
（2010年安徽卷）It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ____the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
解析：本题考查的是强调句型，去掉句中的It was和that，剩下“The hostess cooked such a nice dinner from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village”，句意仍然完整。本句强调的是状语“from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village”，而其中的“that she had bought in the viuage”又是一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词supphes。故答案选B。
2.含有“not...until”强调句型结构为：It is （was）not until+时间状语（从句）+that+句子的剩余部分
（1）（2009年江西卷）It was ____he came back from Africa that year ____he met the girl he would like to marry.
A.when；thenB.not；until
C.not until；thatD.only；when
解析：根据句意，此句是个强调句，强调的是含有“not until”引导的状语从句。关于“not...until”强调句型的结构是“It was not until+时间状语从句+that+句子的剩余部分”。由that连接的陈述结构，由于not前置，故陈述结构中必须使用肯定结构形式。故答案选C。
（2）（2008年重庆卷）It was not until midnight ____they reached the camp site.
A.thatB.whenC.whileD.as
解析：这是一个关于“not...until”的强调句型，它的结构是“It was not until+时间状语+that+句子的剩余部分”。由that连接的陈述结构，由于not前置，故陈述结构中必须使用肯定结构形式。故答案选A。
六、由it引起的易混淆表示时间的句型
（1）（2010年四川卷）Because of the heavy traffic,it was already time for lunch break ____she got to her office.
A.sinceB.thatC.whenD.until
解析：在“It+is/was+具体的时间点+when...”这一结构中，主句中的it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。常译为“当……的时候，是什么时间”。故答案选C。
（2）（2010年陕西卷）John thinks it won't be long ____he is ready for his new job.
A.whenB.afterC.beforeD.since
解析：此句是由before引导的时间状语从句，构成“It+won't be+时间段+状语从句”，如果主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意思是“……没过多久就……”。故答案选C。
（3）（2008年北京卷）I'm sorry you've been waiting so long，but it'll still be some time ____Brian get back.
A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after
解析：此句是由before引导的时间状语从句，构成“It will be/was+一段时间+before...”，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式时，意思是“……多久后（某人）才……”。故答案选A。
（4）（2005年安徽卷）That was really a splendid evening.It's years ____I enjoyed myself so much.
A.whenB.thatC.beforeD.since
解析：如果去掉It is（was）...，还是一个完整的句子，则是强调句。而本句去掉It is和that，只剩下“years I enjoyed myself so much”不成句，因此本句不是强调句型。句中的years是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词enjoyed却是一个持续性动词，这显然用的是“It is/was+一段时间+since...”这一句型。since与终止性动词连用，表示“自……以来已有多长时间”；since与延续性动词连用，表示“自从不做某事有多长时间了”。本句中enjoy是持续性动词，从动作结束时算起，句意是“我已有多年没有玩得这么开心了”。故答案选D。
七、it用于一些习惯用法中作某些动词的含糊宾语，构成习惯短语
（1）（2009年安徽卷）Just as Professor Scotti often ____it，success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.
A.getsB.makesC.putsD.means
解析：put it是一个常用语，意为“表达”；本句句意是：正如Scotti教授经常表述的一样，成功是99%的精神态度。故答案选C。
（2）（2008年天津卷）—How much do I owe you for lunch?
—____.It's nothing.
A.You're welcomeB.Forget it
C.With pleasureD.That's right
解析：根据句意，用Forget it表示“算了吧，别放在心上”，用来安慰对方，故答案选B。
（3）Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.（意思是“有好处、值得做”。）
（4）I can't help it if he doesn't come.（意思是“是没办法的事”。）
（5）The train is due to leave in five minutes.We will never make it.（意思是“成功、做到”。）
（6）If no one can help.I'll go it alone.（意思是“干、做”。）
（7）That's it.这就对了，就这样。
（8）Get with it！振作精神！
（9）Keep at it！坚持下去！
（10）—Could you please say that again?
—Go along the street until you see the department store.
—Got it.Many thanks.（意为“懂了、明白了”。）
巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D四个选项选出最佳答案。
1.—Are you driving to the airport,sir?
—I'd appreciate ____if you could give me a lift.
A.itB.youC.thisD.that
2.From Mum's love,patience and understanding,I have learned what a huge responsibility ____is to raise a child.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.one
3.I don't think ____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A.thisB.thatC.myD.it
4.Why don't you bring ____to his attention that you're too busy to do it?
A.thisB.thatC.itD.what
5.—What was the party like?
—Wonderful.It’years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since
6.A new survey released by Yale University finds that Americans trust scientists most when ____comes to information on climate change.
A.thatB.itC.thisD.there
7.The earthquake in Yushu and the suffering ____leads to have great influence on the people there.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it
8.—He was nearly killed by a car once.
—Oh,when was ____exactly?
—____was in 2010 ____he was riding a bike on the drive-way.
A.that; It; whenB.this; This; that
C.that; It; that
D.this; This; when
9.I miss Melanie and would hate ____when our relationship is over for good.
A.yourselfB.thatC.itD.one
10.She thought ____impossible to finish so much work in a day.
A.thisB.thatC.itsD.it
11.—Boy,____.
—It is,looks like spring is coming soon.
—Yeah,It'll just be a few more weeks.
A.it's really a nice day today,isn't it?
B.what kind of weather will we have today?
C.do you think it is going to rain today?
D.what's it like outside today?
12.An 18-year-old boy from our school did something that even some university students find ____
A.difficult to doB.it difficult to do
C.difficult to be doneD.it difficult to be done
13.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but ____didn't help.
A.heB.whichC.itD.one
14.If I can help ____,I don't like working too late into the night.
A.soB.thatC.itD.them
15.She works as a typist in a company.However,she doesn't like the work,because ____calls for patience and speed.
A.whichB.itC.whatD.she
Keys reference:
1—5 ABDCD6—10 BDACD
11—15 AACCB