【关键词】:龋齿;小儿;综合护理;预防;口腔健康知识
To observe the preventive effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on children's dental caries
【 abstract 】 : objective to analyze the preventive effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on children's dental caries.Methods 80 children with dental caries admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2019 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 40 cases in each group.The control group received routine examination and nursing, and the observation group received comprehensive nursing. The clinical preventive effect and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results the nursing satisfaction of children in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After 10 months of nursing, the recurrence rate of dental caries in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The knowledge of oral health of children and their families in both groups was significantly improved (P>0.05).The observation group was significantly higher than the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion comprehensive nursing measures can significantly improve children's grasp of oral health knowledge and reduce the incidence of dental caries, which has been recognized by children's families and is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
【 key words 】 : dental caries;Children;Comprehensive care;Prevention;Oral health knowledge
龋齿是小儿中较为常见的一种口腔炎性疾病,细菌感染及摄入蔗糖类的食物较多,均会导致的该病的发生,尤为在小儿人群中最为多发。该病发生后需要及时对其进行治疗,否则会印影响小儿颌骨的发育等,同时也会导致其咀嚼功能的降低,也会诱发牙髓炎等疾病的出现。通过提高小儿的口腔健康知识可有效防止该病的发生率,本次研究中,对行口腔检查的小儿采用综合护理措施对其进行护理,发现效果较好,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取我院2018年6月~2019年6月收治的80例小儿龋齿患儿作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组各40例。对照组采用常规检查护理,其中男23例,女17例,年龄3岁~8岁,平均(4.34±1.12)岁;观察组采用综合护理,其中男21例,女19例,年龄3岁~9岁,平均(4.47±1.23)岁,两组患儿一般资料对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2方法
所有小儿在行口腔检查的过程中均给予常规口腔的基础护理措施对其进行护理,包括定时清洁牙齿及每天对牙齿进行清洗牙齿等。观察组在上述基础上给予综合护理干预措施对其进行护理,具体包括:通过与小儿及其家长进行交谈,了解其对口腔健康知识的掌握程度,而后才采用插画及电视动画讲解的方式,让小儿正确的刷牙姿势及相关的口腔健康知识等,同时可制定相应的健康手册发放给小儿及其家长,同时可定期开展口腔健康教育课程,提高小儿及家属对口腔健康重要性的重视程度。告知小儿家长合理制定相应的饮食计划,避免不健康饮食造成龋齿的发生,对存在长期食用零食的小儿,可通过讲解相关知识,告知小儿及家长,零食对小儿牙齿的危害程度,且让家长对小儿进行监督,同时提醒每日餐后要采用漱口的方式来清洁口腔。小儿牙齿发育较快,告知小儿家长半年要对小儿牙齿进行相关的检查,以保持其健康程度,同时也可预防龋齿的发生。
1.3评估方法
对两组小儿10个月后龋齿的发生率及口腔健康知识了解程度进行评分比较,同时对其小儿家属发放护理满意度调查表对其护理质量进行比较。
2结果
2.1两组患儿护理满意度比较
护理后,观察组患儿护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 两组患儿护理满意度比较 [n(%)]
2.2两组患儿10个月后龋齿复发率比较
护理后10个月,观察组患儿的龋齿复发率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 两组患儿10个月后龋齿复发率比较
2.3两组护理前后患儿及家属口腔健康知识了解程度比较
护理后,两组患儿及家属口腔健康知识了解程度均有明显提升(P>0.05);且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
表3 两组护理前后患儿及家属口腔健康知识了解程度比较 (±s)
3讨论
龋齿发生后对小儿的影响较大,随着我国婴幼儿出生率的增加,该病的发生率也日益提高。引起该病发生的原因较多,主要是由于口腔卫生状况较差,长期食用零食导致细菌滋生所引起的。龋齿好发于牙颈部等部位,发病初期临床表现较不明显,随着病情的发展会出现黑色小洞等,随着口腔内细菌的不断侵蚀,龋洞也会不断扩大,随着病情的发展,还会引起牙周炎等疾病的发生。该病不但会影响小儿的口腔健康,同时也会影响小儿的日常生活及学习等,所以发病后需要及时对其进行治疗,但最有效的方式还是以预防为主,以减少龋齿的发生。
本文研究对象显示,观察组患儿护理满意度显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后10个月,观察组患儿的龋齿复发率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患儿及家属口腔健康知识了解程度均有明显提升(P>0.05);且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
综上所述,对行口腔检查的小儿采用综合护理措施对其进行护理,可显著提高患儿及家属对口腔健康知识的掌握程度,同时减少其发生龋齿的几率,得到了小儿家属的一致认可,值得临床上推广及应用。
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论文作者:石静
论文发表刊物:《健康世界》2020年6期
论文发表时间:2020/5/6