萨马兰奇——奥林匹克的大家长，本文主要内容关键词为：奥林匹克论文,家长论文,萨马兰奇论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
Antonio Samaranch,Spanish sports administrator（注：
行政官员）,politician,ambassador,and economist,was electedpresident of the International Olympic Committee (IOC)in 1980.Considered a strong and forceful leader,Samaranch helpedinitiate（注：
开始实施，倡议）a period ofworldwide growth in the Olympic movement and of innovation（注：
改革，革新）to the Olympic Games.
Born in Barcelona,Samaranch was educated at the HigherInstitute of Business Studies there.He then became abusinessman.In the 1950s and 1960s he held important officesfor athletic associations such as the Spanish OlympicCommittee and the International Committee for theMediterranean（注：
地中海的）Games.He also rosethrough the ranks of Spanish politics（注：the ranks ofSpanish politics西班牙政坛）,moving from municipal（注：
市政的，市立的）positions in Barcelona（注：
巴塞罗那（西班牙港市））in the 1950s to a post as the Spanishambassador to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)inthe late 1970s.Samaranch became a representative of the IOCin 1966.Selected to the executive board in 1970,he served asvice president from 1974 to 1978.In 1980 he was electedpresident of the organization.Samaranch assumed（注：
担任，就（职））the presidency at a difficult time forthe IOC,as the athletic achievements of the previous fewOlympiads（注：
现代奥运会）had been accompanied bypolitical controversies（注：
争论，辩论）,violence,and boycotts（注：
联合抵制）.The 1984 Olympics inLos Angeles were affected by a boycott by the USSR andseveral of its allies,but they were generally considered asuccess,in part because of increased corporate sponsorship（注：
资助，赞助）of the games.These sponsorships,nurtured（注：
培植）by Samaranch during his tenure（注：
任期）,led over the next few Olympiads to impressivegrowth in the scope and popularity（注：
声望）ofthe games.
Samaranch also presided over（注：preside over主持，主管）aninnovation in the scheduling of the Olympics.Until 1994,theSummer and Winter Olympics were held during the same year,atfour-year intervals.Beginning in 1994,however,the Summer andWinter games began to be held two years apart,so that fouryears pass between each Summer and Winter Olympicsindividually,but only two years between Olympic activity ofeither type.Under Samaranch's guidance the IOC also relaxedits policy toward accepting the Olympic eligibility（注：
适任，合格）of professional athletes.The most notableexample of this was the 1992 United States men's basketballteam,known as the Dream Team,which included NationalBasketball Association players such as Michael Jordan andMagic Johnson.
As president of the IOC,Samaranch also desired to broadeninternational understanding of the Olympic movement.In 1993,after many years of development and construction,he presidedover the inauguration（注：
落成（典礼））of theOlympic Museum,located in Lausanne（注：
洛桑（瑞士西部城市））,Switzerland.
After Beijing was awarded the 2008 Olympics in a vote in July,2001,the 81-year-old Samaranch finished his 21-year term asIOC president.Belgium's Jacques Rogge was elected the newboss of the committee while Samaranch was appointed honorary（注：
名誉的）president for life.
西班牙体育行政官员、政治家、大使和经济学家安东尼奥·萨马兰奇，1980年当选为国际奥林匹克委员会(IOC)主席。萨马兰奇被公认为是一位铁腕领导人，在一段时间内帮助推进了奥林匹克运动在世界范围内的发展，并促进了奥运会的改革。
萨马兰奇出生于巴塞罗那，在该市的一家高级商学院接受教育，之后他成了一名商人。20世纪50年代和60年代，他在一些体育协会中历任要职，如西班牙奥林匹克委员会和地中海运动会国际委员会。与此同时，他也从西班牙政坛脱颖而出，由50年代巴塞罗那的市级官员擢升为70年代末期的驻苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟（苏联）大使。萨马兰奇在1966年成为奥委会的一名代表。1970年，他被选入奥委会执行委员会，1974年到1978年任副主席，1980年当选为该组织的主席。由于前几届奥运会的运动成绩一直受到政治争端、暴力和抵制活动的困扰，萨马兰奇是在奥委会的一个艰难时刻上任的。1994年洛杉矶奥运会由于苏联及其一些盟友的抵制而受到影响，但是普遍认为还是成功的，其中部分原因是商业公司赞助的增长。萨马兰奇任职期间，由于他的努力，商业公司的赞助使得其后几届奥运会无论从规模上还是从声望上都取得了引人注目的提升。
萨马兰奇还主持了对奥运会举行时间的改革。1994年前，每隔四年夏季和冬季奥林匹克运动会在同一年举行。而从1994开始，夏季和冬季运动会开始相隔二年分别举行，这样每届夏季和冬季奥林匹克运动会之间各有4年间隔，而两届奥运会之间仅仅相隔两年。在萨马兰奇的领导下，奥委会还对职业运动员参加奥运会资格放宽了政策。最显著的例子便是1992年被称为“梦之队”的美国男子篮球队的参赛。这支球队包括了如迈克尔·乔丹、魔术师约翰逊在内的美国全国篮球协会的球员。
作为奥委会主席，萨马兰奇的另一个愿望是增进世界对奥林匹克运动的理解。经过了多年的筹备和施工，位于瑞士洛桑的奥林匹克博物馆于1993年落成，他主持了开馆典礼。
2001年7月在北京赢得2008年奥运会主办权后，81岁的萨马兰奇结束了达21年的奥委会主席任期。比利时人雅克·罗格当选该委员会的新主席。而萨马兰奇则被推举为该组织的终身名誉主席。
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