小议替代形式，本文主要内容关键词为：形式论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
替代是为了避免重复和连接上下文的一种方法。在英语中除了使用代词采进行替代以外还存其他形式的替代，如名词性替代、动词性替代、分句性替代、副词性替代等。
一、名词性替代形式
最常见的名词性替代就是使用各种代词来进行。例如：
1.Mr.Smith went home because he was tired.(he=Mr.Smith)
2.There's Mary with her boy friend.(her=Mary's)
3.A:Whose is that coat?
B:It's mine.(mine=my coat)
除了用代词作名词性替代以外，one/ones,both,some常被用作替代形式，复数名词的替代词为ones。the same,the sort,the kind等也是常用的名词性替代形式。例如：
1.A:Which kind of ice-cream would you like?
B:A big pink one.(one=ice-cream)
2.The new designs are much better than the old ones.(ones=designs)
3.A:Which one would you like?
B:I'll take both.
4.A:We need cigarettes.
B:I got some.(some=some cigarettes)
5.A:Good health!
B:I wish you the same.(the same=good health)
6.American food is not the same as the Engliish kind.(the kind=the food)
其中one之前常常有修饰语，这时它替代的是名词词组的中心词。例如：
1.We are moving from our present house into a bigger one.(one=house)
2.Take off your blue dress and put on the green one.(one=dress)
3.You sit in that chair and I'll have this one.(one=chair)
4.Let's finish this exercise so we call go on to the next one.(one=exercise)
one不带修饰语时，它所替代的对象的意义通常是泛指的。例如：
If you want a typewriter,they will provide you with one.(one=a typewriter)
二、动词性替代形式
do/do so可以替代动词或整个动词词组，也可以替代动词词组中心词。当它替代整个动词词组时通常只用于肯定结构。例如：
1.He knows English better than he did.(did=knew English)
2.A:Philip drinks.
B:His wife does,too.(docs=drinks)
3.A:Does Granny look after you every day?
B:She can't do at weekends.(do=look after me)
当do用来替代动词词组中心词时，通常替代实义动词，如果及物，要跟宾语；也可与情态助动词连用；在否定和疑问结构中要用do的适当形式。例如：
1.John speaks English as fluently as he does French.(does=speaks)
2.John has never acted as he should have done.(done=acted)
3.Tom looks very happy.She seems happier now than she did last time we met.(did=seemed happy)
do so既可以替代“动宾”结构，也可以替代“动状”结构。例如：
1.He said he would tell me the news,but he didn't(do so).(do so=tell me the news)
2.He smokes a lot.Does his brother do so?(do so=smoke a lot)
3.A:Jane is crying for some more cake in the kitchen.
B:Yes,but her little brother isn't doing so.(doing so=crying for some more cake)
do还可以与连接性副词搭配构成两个句型：“so+do+主语”表示“我也如此”或“另外一个人也如此”，和“so+主语+do”表示对别人说的话表示肯定。这时，so的意义相当于indeed；certainly。例如：
1.A:I like playing football.
B:So do I.(=I like playing football,too.)
2.A:Father,you promised.
B:So I did.(=Certainly I promised.)
3.A:John smokes a lot.
B:So he does.(=He smokes a lot indeed)
三、分句性替代形式
so常用在think,hope,suppose,believe,expect等动词之后替代that-从句；not用来替代否定的that-从句。例如：
1.A:Have we got enough money?
B:I think so.(so=that we have got enough money)
so和not可以在if之后替代从句。例如：
1.Are you free this evening?If so,come and have a drink with us.(If so=if you are free this evening)
2.I may come tonight.If not,I'll try to manage tomorrow.(If not=If can't come t onight)
so还可以和某些表示说话的动词连用。而not通常不这样用。例如：
1.A:How do you know that he's leaving soon?
B:He told me so.(so=that he's leaving soon.)
not可以与perhaps,possibly,probably,certainly,surely等表示情态的副词搭配，构成某些缩略句，not还可以与why搭配构成缩略疑问句。例如：
1.A:Is your brother going with you?
B:Perhaps not.(=Perhaps he is not going with me)
2.A:Will Mary come to the party tomorrow?
B:Possibly not.(=It is possible that he won't come)
3.A:I didn't stop him.
B:Why not?(=Why didn't you stop him)
四、副词性替代形式
here/there和now/then分别可以用来替代表示地点和时间的副词短语。例如：
1.A:Let's meet at the park.
B:OK,see you there.(there=at the park)
2.A:I started military service in 1954.
B:How old were you then?(then=in 1954)
此外，like this/that,this/that way,for this/that reason可以用来替代方式或原因状语，where,when,how,和why可以在疑问句中替代未知的地点、时间、方式和原因等。我们在学习时要正确理解和使用这些替代形式，勤查勤问勤思考，提高英语水平。
标签：副词论文;