One Community in Cyberspace
Wuzhen conference calls for cooperation in Internet governance By Zhang Shasha
The season of the fragrant osmanthus is also the time for Wuzhen, a picturesque river town in Zhejiang Province in east China, to welcome its annual moment in the spotlight. Once regarded as a land of rice and fi sh and the home of Chinese silk, the ancient town with more than 6,000 years of history has been given a new name by the media—the future of the Internet, a magic mirror which every year provides glimpses of novel future applications of the Internet.
2013年中国水博览会暨中国国际膜与水处理技术及装备展览会成功举 办 ……………………… 冯双剑，刘岩岩，田灵燕等(23.66)
This reputation has been built on the back of its signature conference, the World Internet Conference (WIC), which was first held in 2014. This year, the three-day WIC, which opened on October 20 with the theme Intelligent Interconnection for Openness and Cooperation—Building a Community With a Shared Future in Cyberspace, brought together more than 1,500 participants from over 80 countries and regions, including Nobel laureates, Turing Award winners and members of the Internet Hall of Fame.
In his message, Chinese President Xi Jinping said with the Internet embracing a stronger development momentum and broader development space, it is the common responsibility of the international community to develop, use and govern the Internet well so that it can better benefi t humanity.
He also said countries should follow the trend of the times, shoulder their responsibility for development, meet the challenges and risks, jointly promote global governance in cyberspace and strive to build a community with a shared future in cyberspace.
乡村小道上，一家三口在收稻谷，已经忙碌好一阵子了。先前穿围裙、裹着头巾扫谷子的母亲，此刻如释重负，已把头巾摘下，不时和路过的村民聊着闲天；大约十五六岁的儿子，和父亲几乎没有交流，但父子俩倒、装、抬稻谷的一连串动作，配合相当默契，一袋袋稻谷，就这样在大板车上堆成了一座“小山”，然后被安静地押送回家。
Technology of the future
The piano at the entrance of the Light of Internet Expo Center in Wuzhen, a new exhibition venue opened this year, had an unusual player. To the amazement of visitors, two huge robotic arms positioned before the keyboard moved dexterously over the keys and began playing a popular Chinese folk song.
观察组中死亡与存活患者年龄、肿瘤分化程度、切缘阳性率、术后并发症及术后辅助治疗差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
“China’s digital economy is booming, becoming a new engine to innovate ways of economic development,” Nan Cunhui, Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, said. “Information technology has been empowering manufacturing, business and all walks of life, propelling the country forward.”
The year 2019 marks the 50th anniversary of the birth of the Internet and the 25th anniversary of China connecting to the World Wide Web.
According to the China Internet Network Information Center, the number of Internet users in China was 854 million in June, with the Internet penetration rate reaching 61.2 percent. “The past 50 years have seen the global Internet penetration rate cross 55 percent,” Wu Hequan, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said. “China outperformed the world’s average in 25 years.”
Clouds come together northeastward in summer, several-day rain is coming;clouds come together southeastward in winter, white snow is coming then.
Apart from the fast growth of Internet users and coverage, the past years also saw the intelligentization of the Internet with the advancement of technologies.
Lu also warned of diffi culties in applying 5G technologies, saying there is still a long way to go.
Wan Gang, President of the China Association for Science and Technology, said science and technological innovation will bring more potential to the Internet sector, and hoped these achievements would be applied wider in society.
5G era
5G was a keyword as 2019 marks the year of the commercial use of 5G. The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology estimated in 2018 that the commercialization of 5G would drive China’s direct output value to about 484 billion yuan ($68.4 billion) in 2020. By 2035, it would create direct output value of 6.3 trillion yuan ($890.3 billion) and indirect output value of 10.6 trillion yuan ($1.5 trillion).
Alibaba CEO Daniel Zhang said new business in the digital era should put its focus back on people. Companies’ attention should be given to individuals and benefit for the whole society. He called traditional competition a zero-sum game—either win or lose. But in the digital era, competition is transforming into a positive-sum game and a win-win game.
中国是阿朗新科业务发展的重要战略市场之一。在公司旗下最尖端、最先进的生产基地之一的常州三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）工厂，阿朗新科不断升级改进这一全球最大的EPDM生产线，以满足日益提升的客户需求。工厂专注绿色生产，采用Keltan ACETM催化技术，具有低能耗、无催化剂废弃物、低成本、高质量和多样化开发潜力等多方位的优点。阿朗新科位于常州的尖端橡胶技术中心（RTC）是其全球最先进的橡胶测试中心之一，具有强大的研发实力。
Chinese mobile phone maker Xiaomi, which has become one of the most popular brands worldwide, has seen the opportunity. Its CEO Lei Jun announced at the conference that Xiaomi would launch 10 versions of 5G phones in 2020. The global economic slowdown and intensifying competition, both at home and abroad, have seen Xiaomi’s market share drop. In the second quarter of 2019, it held 11.8 percent of the domestic smartphone market, down from 13.9 percent in the previous year, research fi rm Canalys said. So the 5G boom is expected to improve Xiaomi’s business.
Fifteen of the world’s leading scientific and technological achievements in the Internet sector were unveiled at the WIC this year. They included achievements by Chinese companies, like Huawei’s Kunpeng 920 processor, Baidu’s open-source deep learning platform PaddlePaddle, Alibaba’s next-generation cloud database POLARDB and Tsinghua University’s hybrid Tianjic chip architecture. Some of the remarkable new applications by non-Chinese companies included U.S. electric vehicle maker Tesla’s full self-driving chip, Microsoft’s machinereading comprehension technology and German software company SAP’s in-depth application of artificial intelligence in intelligent enterprises.
In view of the immense potential of the digital economy, the government has announced plans to establish six national-level pilot zones for innovation and development in related fi elds. The pilot zones will be established in Xiongan New Area in the northern province of Hebei, Chongqing Municipality and Sichuan Province in the southwest, Zhejiang Province in the east, Fujian Province in the southeast and Guangdong Province in the south. The regions will seize the opportunities to deepen supply-side structural reform and play an exemplary role in the emerging sector, Yang Xiaowei, deputy head of the Cyberspace Administration of China, said.
Tian Suning, President of China Broadband Capital, outlined three abilities companies would need in the era of 5G when new businesses emerge: perception, cognition and prediction.
The digital economy
A night view of the International Internet Exhibition and Convention Center in Wuzhen, the venue of the Sixth World Internet Conference
The two arms of the industrial robot were remotely controlled through 5G. Thanks to the negligible latency of the technology, they could play in perfect coordination. It was one of the many displays of 5G application at the WIC, which was fully covered by a 5G network. Other applications ranged from robot patrols and remote surgery to ultrahigh live streaming and automatic delivery, making Wuzhen a microcosm of a wondrous future world.
In 2018, China’s digital economy grew to 31.3 trillion yuan ($4.4 trillion), accounting for 34.8 percent of the GDP, according to the China Internet Development Report 2019 released on October 20. The annual growth rate of the digital economy exceeded 20 percent in the past three years, said Ren Zhiwu, Deputy Secretary General of the National Development and Reform Commission.
Hong Yaozhuang, CEO of GSM Association that represents mobile network operators worldwide, pointed out one challenge. The top priority for the 5G industry is to determine how certain spectrums are used globally, or it will affect the future development potential of the digital world, he said.
基于空间句法理论[7]，将余荫山房平面转化为二维平面模型，运用凸边形地图法和轴线地图法从可视层以及可行层两个层面计算余荫山房的空间连接值和整合度,并对其可视图解进行对比及量化描述[8]。
The business community is also sharing its wisdom and resources to embrace the new business. “To develop the digital economy, yesterday is not as important as tomorrow, and methodology is not as significant as imagination,” William Ding, founder and CEO of NetEase, a Chinese Internet technology company, said.
He said governments and enterprises should invest in people and eliminate useless information, which is an important direction for consumption upgrade in the future. Only those who improve the efficiency of information acquisition and provide premium services will become the new driving forces of the digital economy, according to Ding.
Chen Qiangsheng, CEO of JD Digits, a Chinese fintech company, emphasized that enterprises should not create new industries to compete with the existing ones, but instead integrate their accumulated capacity with the industries’ experience and rules to realize the digital transformation and upgrade.
Lu Qi, CEO of Y Combinator China, a U.S. seed accelerator, said 5G technologies with large broadband and high speed will bring massive changes and opportunities.
轮滑运动中，学生往往忽略防护装备的重要性，经过对于轮滑爱好者的调查中能够发现，约有75 %的轮滑运动者未曾进行防护用具的使用，26 %的轮滑运动者佩戴头盔保护头部不会受到伤害；13 %的轮滑运动者佩戴护肘保护肘部，同时，调查发现佩戴防护用具的大部分是老年轮滑运动者，在青年轮滑运动者中无人佩戴防护用具，因此导致大部分因轮滑运动受伤的运动者都是青年人，以上调查现象能够表明，不使用防护用具能够加大受伤的几率。
Shen Nanpeng, global executive partner with Sequoia Capital, a U.S. venture capital fi rm, predicted two future trends in the digital economy. First, it will become more globalized. Apart from China and the U.S., a string of unicorns are emerging from other regions like India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, South America and Africa. A unicorn is a private startup valued at over $1 billion. Second, it will permeate all kinds of fields and nearly all industries will become Internetized, digitalized and cloud-based.
美国不仅拥有先进的科学技术和超强的军事实力，也有着得天独厚的自然资源优势。美国海拔500米以下的平原占国土面积的55%，耕地面积1.9亿多公顷，占国土总面积的20%以上，占世界耕地总面积的13%，而且70%以上的耕地都是以大面积连片分布的形式集中在大平原和内陆低原，便于机械化大规模作业。土壤多以草原黑土（包括黑钙土）、栗钙土和暗棕钙土为主，有机质含量高，特别适宜农作物生长。
Global governance
Leon Zeer of GritWorld GmbH, a German graphic visualization solution provider, presents his company’s project during the fi nal rounds of the Straight to Wuzhen Global Internet Competition in Wuzhen on October 22
The digital economy, experts said, is inseparable from cybersecurity. In fact, they are two sides of the same coin. “With the development of digital technologies and the digital economy, the loopholes in various software are increasing and cybersecurity is facing unprecedented threats,” Zhou Hongyi, Chairman of the Chinese Internet security company Qihoo 360, said. “The threats are no less powerful than nuclear weapons.”
患者左侧声带麻痹，吞咽功能障碍，口腔清除能力较弱，用咽冷刺激法进行吞咽功能锻炼，并用洼田饮水试验进行评定。常规护理口腔后，用冰冻棉签蘸少许冰轻轻刺激软腭、舌根及咽后壁，然后嘱患者进行吞咽动作，以刺激吞咽反射，并嘱患者做空吞咽功能训练，每日上下午各刺激5 min。每日吞咽功能锻炼，并评定。尝试用日本学者洼田俊夫提出的洼田饮水试验测评。检查方法：患者端坐，喝下30 ml温开水，观察所需时间喝呛咳情况。
Zhima Credit is an example. It is a credit rating system of Alipay, the online payment arm of Alibaba, creating credit rating profi les of hundreds of millions of Alipay users and collecting data on their financial behavior, such as consumption and payments. If its database security is breached, given the huge number of Alipay users, China’s fi nancial system will be compromised.
The development of international trade, cross-border e-commerce and logistics and the flow of company and users’ statistics will also lead to new security issues. Thus, how to ensure security and who will be in charge of supervising the process are issues to be clarifi ed.
“However, no unified regulation or consensus has yet been reached among international players. Internet governance still exists just among countries or companies,” UN Under Secretary General Liu Zhenmin said. He warned that if cooperation in the Internet fi eld is not strengthened as soon as possible, the gap in new technology will widen further.
Keeping that in mind, the Advisory Council of the WIC Organizing Committee summed up fi ve challenges in Internet governance that need to be addressed in cooperation. They were outlined in the Wuzhen Outlook 2019 released on October 20: bridging the digital divide, which has become a new challenge in an age when integration and innovation of information and communication technologies is accelerating; improving development policies and regulatory rules against the backdrop of a booming global digital economy; deepening and broadening Internet cultural exchange; addressing new security risks; and rebuilding trust throughout the international governance of the cyberspace.
Computer scientist David J. Farber, commonly known as one of the “fathers of the Internet,” said the Internet space is indomitable to some extent and communication in this virtual world is complicated and changeable. People from different countries have different mindsets, cultural backgrounds, rules and regulations, so it is hard to come up with a unifi ed management system.
“But one thing is certain, governments and institutions should try their best to take the measures that they think are correct and govern local Internet space,” he said.
“We believe there is one Web in the world,” Zhang Li, Assistant President of China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations, said.
China does not want the government to control the Internet, but hopes that all the stakeholders perform their own functions as well as regard the governments as the main responsible party to fight Internet crime and terrorism, prevent Internet wars and protect national key information infrastructure, he sai d.
Two 5G-enabled robotic arms play the piano at the Light of Internet Expo in Wuzhen on October 18
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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