尼莫地平联合拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压的综合疗效及对LIF、Apelin影响论文_罗嘉

湖南省湘西自治州人民医院 416000

摘要:目的:研究尼莫地平、拉贝洛尔及硫酸镁三联治疗妊娠期高血压的综合疗效及对LIF、Apelin影响。方法:研究对象选取我院2015年8月到2016年10月间收治的妊娠期高血压患者72例,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各36例。对照组患者患者静脉滴注硫酸镁治疗,在此基础上,观察组患者静脉滴注拉贝洛尔和口服尼莫地平治疗。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率和母婴不良围生结局发生,同时比较治疗前后的血清LIF和Apelin水平。结果:观察组的治疗总有效率(91.67%)明显高于对照组(77.78%)(χ2=4.18,P=0.04);治疗后,观察组的血清LIF水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01),血清Apelin水平明显低于对照组(P<0.01);观察组的胎盘早剥、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、终止妊娠、产后出血、低体重儿等不良围生结局发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:尼莫地平、拉贝洛尔及硫酸镁三联治疗妊娠期高血压的临床疗效显著,能有效改善母婴围生结局,调节血清LIF和Apelin水平,值得在临床推广。

关键词:尼莫地平;拉贝洛尔;妊娠期高血压;疗效;LIF;Apelin

[Abstract]Objective:To study the curative effect of nimodipine,comprehensive and labetalol in the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy triple Magnesium Sulfate and LIF,Apelin.Methods:The subjects were 72 patients with gestational hypertension subjects in our hospital from August 2013 to October 2016,randomly divided into control group and observation group,36 cases in each group. The patients of control group were given intravenous infusion of Magnesium Sulfate treatment,on this basis,the patients in the observation group were intravenous labetalol and oral nimodipine treatment.compared two groups of the total effective rate and maternal adverse perinatal outcomes,and compared before and after treatment of the serum LIF and Apelin levels.Results:the total efficiency of the observation group(91.67%)was significantly higher than the control group(77.78%)(χ2=4.18,P=0.04);after treatment,observation group of the serum LIF level was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01),serum Apelin levels were significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.01);observation group of the placental abruption,fetal distress,neonatal asphyxia,termination of pregnancy,postpartum hemorrhage,low birth weight and adverse perinatal outcomes were significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). Conclusion:nimodipine,RabeConclusion:the clinical curative effect of the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension is significant,which can effectively improve the perinatal outcome of maternal and infant,adjust the serum levels of LIF and Apelin,it is worthy of clinical promotion

[Keyword] nimodipine;labetalol;pregnancy induced hypertension;curative effect;LIF;Apelin

妊娠期高血压是妊娠期妇女特有的病症,常发生在妊娠20周以后,以高血压、蛋白尿、水肿为主要临床表现,重者可出现恶心呕吐、头昏眼花、持续腹痛、等,如不及时救治可导致脑水肿、急性心衰及昏迷等严重并发症,引发严重母婴不良围生结局[1]。相关统计显示,全球范围内妊娠期高血压发病率在7.0%~12.0%,而我国发病率约为9.4%[2],并可导致较高的母婴死亡率,是孕妇死亡的第二大病因,同时可导致胎儿生长受限、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息等不良围生儿结局,甚至可导致胎儿的死亡,对母婴生命安全均构成极大威胁。控制和预防子痫,降低高血压对靶器官损害,从而改善母婴围生结局,是目前治疗妊娠期高血压的首要目标。其中解痉、扩容、降压、镇静、利尿及终止妊娠是常规治疗方法[3],但治疗整体效果欠佳,同时易出现相关不良反应。硫酸镁是妊娠期高血压治疗的首选药物,能够有效治疗和预防子痫,但其降压速度较慢,用于临产等紧急状态下时,无法达到满意疗效[4]。因此,寻求多药联合治疗方案已成为临床研究重点,硫酸镁联合降压药拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压已有大量报道,且证实能够提高治疗整体疗效。尼莫地平属于Ca2+拮抗剂,可通过抑制平滑肌收缩,解除血管痉挛,从而实现降压效果,用于妊娠期高血压的疗效明显且副作用低[5]。但关于以上三种药物联合治疗的报道较少,本研究笔者就结合治疗疗效、LIF和Apelin及母婴围生结局展开报道,旨在为临床提供指导。

1资料与方法

1.1一般资料

研究对象选取我院2015年8月到2016年10月间收治的妊娠期高血压患者72例,纳入标准[6]:①均符合2012版《妇产科学》中关于妊娠期高血压诊断标准;②检查显示胎儿生长发育正常,且均无双胎妊娠;③无合并严重的心脏、脑血管、肝肾肺等器官组织疾病;④无合并糖尿病等其他妊娠期严重疾病;⑤均自愿参加并签署知情同意书。排除标准:①对本研究所选药物过敏者;②原发性高血压或既往已伴有高血压者;③合并心衰、心肌损害、II和III度房室传导阻滞等严重心脏疾病者;④合并凝血功能障碍、免疫系统或内分泌系统疾病者;⑤合并精神类或神经系统疾病者;⑥治疗前1个月接受其他降压药物或影响降压疗效药物者。采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组各36例。对照组患者年龄在21~40岁,平均年龄为(29.97±3.46)岁,孕周在30~36周,平均孕周为(33.14±2.06)周,其中初产妇23例、经产妇13例,病情程度:中度11例、重度25例;观察组患者年龄在22~43岁,平均年龄为(30.86±3.92)岁,孕周在28~35周,平均孕周为(32.76±2.11)周,其中初产妇21例、经产妇15例,病情程度:中度2例、重度34例。两组患者在年龄、孕周、孕次及病情程度等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),故具可比性。

1.2方法

两组患者入院后均给予积极的对症治疗和护理,同时对照组患者静脉滴注硫酸镁注射液(开封制药(集团)有限公司,H41022332,10ml/2.5g)治疗,首次剂量:20ml 25.0%硫酸镁注射液+100ml 5.0%葡萄糖混合液1h内滴完,继之60ml 25.0%硫酸镁注射液+500ml 5.0%葡萄糖混合液,持续滴注1-2g/h,此后60ml 25.0%硫酸镁注射液+500ml 5.0%葡萄糖混合液,持续滴注1-2g/h,1次/天。在此基础上,观察组患者口服尼莫地平片(天津市中央药业有限公司,H20043915)治疗,剂量为30mg/次,2次/天,同时静脉滴注50mg拉贝洛尔(江苏迪赛诺制药有限公司,H32026121,10ml/50mg)与250ml 5.0%葡萄糖注射液混合液,1次/天,所有患者均连续治疗7天。

1.3观察指标,

①比较两组患者的治疗总有效率;②比较两组患者治疗前后的血清白血病抑制因子(LIF)和Apelin水平;③比较两组患者的胎盘早剥、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、终止妊娠、产后出血、低体重儿等母婴不良围生结局发生率。

1.4疗效标准及检测方法

根据临床症状、血压及围生结局改善效果进行疗效评定[7],分为①显效:治疗后舒张压(DBP)和收缩压(SBP)恢复至正常水平,同时各临床症状基本消失,且无严重不良围生结局发生;②有效:治疗后SBP和DBP均有所降低,同时临床症状有所缓解,母婴围生结局良好;③无效:经治疗后血压、临床症状均未明显改善或加重,同时出现流产、新生儿窒息、产后出血等严重不良围生结局。治疗总有效率=(显效率+有效率)×100.0%。抽取患者空腹外周静脉血3.0ml,常温下静置10min,经3000r/min离心机分离10.0min,分离出血清后保存于-20℃冰箱待测,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检查血清LIF和Apelin水平,试剂盒由杭州恒奥生物科技有限公司生产提供,所有操作均严格参考试剂盒说明进行。

1.5统计学方法

所有统计学资料都采用SPSS21.0专业统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准差表示,进行t检验。而所有的计数资料以率(n%)表示,用χ2检验,P<0.05 评价为差异具有显著性。

2结果

2.1两组患者的治疗总有效率比较

观察组患者的治疗总有效率为91.67%,对照组患者的治疗总有效率为77.78%,观察组明显高于对照组(χ2=4.18,P=0.04),详情见表1。

3讨论

妊娠期高血压是产科常见的重症病症,其具体发病机制和病因尚未明确定论,存在遗传易感、免疫适应不良、胎盘缺血及氧化应激等多种学说,同时各因素可相互作用,共同导致妊娠期高血压发生[8]。研究表明[9],全身小动脉痉挛、抗凝血功能障碍,引起机体持续的高凝状态,最终造成全身各器官损害,是该病发病的主要病理过程。研究证实,妊娠期高血压不仅可造成孕妇生活质量降低,且动脉痉挛及多脏器损害,还可造成胎儿宫内严重缺氧状态,影响其正常生长发育,恶化母婴妊娠结局,甚至危及母婴生命安全[11]。目前,临床治疗妊娠期高血压多以解痉、扩张血容量、降压、镇静、利尿、控制子痫及终止妊娠等措施,以实现减少全身血容,减低血压目的。硫酸镁是临床妊娠期高血压的首选治疗药物,其具有解痉、降压及利尿等多重功效,能够有效预防和控制子痫发作。药理学研究显示,硫酸镁中Mg2+能有效抑制神经-肌肉突触间乙酰胆碱释放,干扰神经化学传递和抑制骨骼肌收缩,促进子宫平滑肌舒张进而治疗早产[12]。同时还能调节细胞内外离子平衡,达到解痉降压作用,改善孕妇及胎儿血氧供给,优化母婴妊娠结局。但单药硫酸镁治疗无法实现快速扩容降压,而加大剂量易导致血镁蓄积重度,出现呼吸抑制、意识迟钝、心律失常,甚至心跳骤停致死,因此,临床常需联合其他降压药物治疗[13]。

拉贝洛尔是临床新型降压药物,属于肾上腺受体阻滞剂,能够有效阻滞α、β受体,其中阻滞α受体能舒张外周阻力及容量血管,达到迅速降低血压和减轻心脏负荷效果[14],并能阻滞β受体实现延长房室传导时间,降低并维持心率稳定,改善冠脉痉挛和降低心肌耗氧,预防血压降低引起心衰和子痫。临床研究表明,硫酸镁联合拉贝洛尔可实现疗效协调效应,提高降压效果,改善母婴妊娠结局。尼莫地平是一种Ca2+通道阻滞剂[15],属于短效类降压药物,主要通过抑制胞外Ca2+内流,抑制血管内平滑肌收缩,实现解除血管痉挛及降压效果。研究显示[16],尼莫地平治疗妊娠期高血压的降压效果明显,且药物副作用低,但目前关于以上三药联合治疗该病报道极少。本研究采用三药联合治疗结果显示,观察组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,同时胎盘早剥、胎儿窘迫、产后出血、新生儿窒息等不良母婴妊娠结局发生率明显低于对照组,表明三药联合治疗的降压效果更明显,能更好改善母婴妊娠结局。研究显示[17],LIF能有效调节妊娠期滋养细胞分化、增殖及浸润等多种生理过程,其水平降低可导致滋养细胞与子宫螺旋小动脉连接障碍,造成胎盘血供降低,持续缺血缺氧又可反馈刺激全身小动脉痉挛,诱发妊娠期高血压[18]。Apelin则是由胎盘所分泌的小分子活性多肽,研究显示[19],其即可促进妊娠期孕妇体内NO合成,又可激活血管平滑肌细胞APJ受体,实现降压和升压双向调控作用,而在妊娠期高血压患者中,Apelin呈高表达,起升高血压作用,从而恶化患者病情[20]。本研究结果显示,观察组治疗后的血清LIF水平明显高于对照组,而血清Apelin水平明显低于对照组,进一步证实三药联合治疗的降压效果更明显。

综上所述,尼莫地平、拉贝洛尔及硫酸镁三联治疗妊娠期高血压的临床疗效显著,能有效改善母婴围生结局,调节血清LIF和Apelin水平,值得在临床推广。

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论文作者:罗嘉

论文发表刊物:《中国误诊学杂志》2018年第2期

论文发表时间:2018/4/11

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尼莫地平联合拉贝洛尔治疗妊娠期高血压的综合疗效及对LIF、Apelin影响论文_罗嘉
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