中药仙茅的化学成分研究论文_牛超, 王振辉

中药仙茅的化学成分研究论文_牛超, 王振辉

[摘 要]本文对仙茅70%乙醇的提取物的化学成分进行了研究,利用溶剂萃取法、硅胶柱色谱法、ODS柱色谱法、制备薄层法、制备HPLC、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶等分离纯化方法,共得到 12 个已知化合物,分别为orcinol glucoside B (1),orcinol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),anacardoside (3),仙茅苷 (curculigoside, 4),仙茅苷B (curculigoside B, 5),仙茅苷C (curculigoside C, 6),仙茅苷G (curculigoside G, 7),丁香酸葡萄糖苷(glucosyringic acid, 8),苯甲基-O-β-D葡糖苷 (benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 9),对羟基桂皮酸 (p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, 10),3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸 (3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid, 11),1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (levoglucosan, 12),其中化合物9-12为首次从石蒜科植物中分离得到。

[关键词]仙茅 化学成分

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.3.60

基金项目:河南理工大学2016年度青年基金项目“中药仙茅的活性成分研究”(项目编号:Q2016-4)。

作者单位:454000,河南焦作,河南理工大学医学院

仙茅来源于石蒜科植物仙茅 (Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.) 干燥根茎,仙茅在我国主产于四川、贵州、云南、广西等地。该属植物中可供药用的有仙茅 (Culigo orchioides Gaertn.) 、大叶仙茅 (C. capitulate (Lour.) O. Kuntze) 和短葶仙茅 (C. breviscapa S. C. Chen) 等。仙茅具有补肾阳、益精血、强筋骨和行血消肿的功效。仙茅的化学成分主要有酚性化合物及其苷、萜类及其苷、木脂素及其苷等。

1 实验部分

1.1实验仪器和材料

核磁共振谱采用Bruker ARX-300,Bruker ARX-600型核磁共振谱仪测定;ESI-MS采用Finnigan LCQ质谱测定仪测定;岛津LC-20A液相色谱仪、沃特世2695液相色谱仪;DL-180超声仪 (浙江向山县石浦海天电子仪器厂) 。硅胶 (青岛海洋化工厂,200-300目) ;Sephadex LH-20 (Pharmacia公司) ;ODS (天津市化学试剂二厂色谱技术开发公司,30-80μm)。

1.2提取分离

将仙茅(Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.) 的干燥根茎10Kg,用体积分数为95%乙醇提取3次每次3小时,减压回收溶剂后得浸膏230g。将95%乙醇提取后的药渣再经过体积分数为70%的乙醇提取三次,每次3小时,减压回收溶剂后得浸膏610g。取70%乙醇提取的乙酸乙酯层萃取物72.0g,利用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、重结晶、开放ODS和HPLC等手段分离得到12个化合物。

2鉴定

2.1 orcinol glucoside B

白色针晶 (甲醇),分子式:C15H20O8。1H-NMR (600 MHz, MeOD) :δ 6.33 (1H, s, H-2), 6.39 (1H, s, H-4), 6.30 (1H, s, H-6), 4.81 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, H-1′), 3.35-3.63 (4H, m, H-2′,3′,4′,5′), 2.06 (3H, s, CH3-5), 2.22 (3H, s, CH3-8′)。13C-NMR (150 MHz, MeOD):δ 141.1 (C-1), 109.7 (C-2), 159.3 (C-3), 102.3 (C-4), 160.0 (C-5), 111.3 (C-6), 20.7 (5-CH3), 102.1 (C-Glc-1′), 74.9 (C-Glc-2′), 77.9 (C-Glc3′), 71.7 (C-Glc-4′), 75.3 (C-Glc-5′), 64.8 (C-Glc-6′), 172.8 (C-Glc-7′), 21.7 (C-Glc-8′)。将该化合物的核磁数据与文献[1]中orcinol glucoside B对比基本一致,该化合物鉴定为orcinol glucoside B。

2.2 orcinol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside

白色粉末 (甲醇),香草醛-浓硫酸显红色,分子式:C18H26O11。1H-NMR (600 MHz, MeOD) :δ 6.38 (1H, br. s, H-2), 6.41 (1H, br. s, H-4), 6.30 (1H, br. s, H-6), 4.79 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz, H-1′), 4.98 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.35-3.63 (4H, m, H-2′,3′,4′,5′), 2.06 (3H, s, CH3-5), 2.25 (3H, s, CH3-8′)。 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD):δ 160.1 (C-1), 102.3 (C-2), 159.2 (C-3), 109.9 (C-4), 141.3 (C-5), 111.3 (C-6), 21.7 (5-CH3), 102.4 (C-Glc-1′), 75.0 (C-Glc-2′), 78.1 (C-Glc-3′), 71.6 (C-Glc-4′), 76.9 (C-Glc-5′), 68.6 (C-Glc-6′), 110.9 (C-1″), 77.9 (C-2″), 80.5 (C-3″), 74.9 (C-4″), 65.7 (C-5″)。与文献[2]对照确定该化合物为orcinol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- (1→6) -β-D-glucopyranoside。

2.3 anacardoside

白色粉末 (甲醇),mp:117~119 ℃,香草醛-浓硫酸显红色,分子式:C19H28O12。1H-NMR (600 MHz, MeOD) :δ 6.41 (1H, br. s, H-2), 6.45 (1H, br. s, H-4), 6.30 (1H, br. s, H-6), 4.41 (1H, d, J = 7.7 Hz, H-1′), 4.16 (1H, d, J = 10.4 Hz), 3.30-3.70 (4H, m, H-2′,3′,4′,5′), 2.25 (3H, s, CH3-5), 2.22 (3H, s, CH3-8′)。13C-NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD):δ 159.9 (C-1), 102.0 (C-2), 159.1 (C-3), 111.3 (C-4), 141.3 (C-5), 109.9 (C-6), 21.7 (5-CH3), 102.0 (C-Glc-1′), 74.8 (C-Glc-2′), 77.8 (C-Glc-3′), 71.3 (C-Glc-4′), 77.3 (C-Glc-5′), 69.6 (C-Glc-6′), 104.5 (C-1″), 75.2 (C-2″), 77.8 (C-3″), 77.5 (C-4″), 71.7 (C-5″), 62.6 (C-6″)。以上数据与文献[3]报道的anacardoside数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为anacardoside。

2.4仙茅苷 (curculigoside)

无色针晶 (甲醇),mp:159~161℃,紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显紫红色,分子式:C22H26O11。1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) :δ 6.98 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-3), 6.64(1H, dd, J = 2.4,8.7 Hz, H-4), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz, H-6), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3′), 7.38 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, H-4′), 6.73 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5′), 3.76 (6H, s, OCH3-2′,6′), 4.61 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, H-1′′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 131.5 (C-1), 147.5 (C-2), 117.3 (C-3), 114.8 (C-4), 152.4 (C-5), 114.4 (C-6), 61.4 (C-7), 115.4 (C-1′), 156.7 (C-2′), 104.3 (C-3′), 126.8 (C-4′), 104.3 (C-5′), 156.7 (C-6′), 165.6 (C-7′), 56.0 (2′-OCH3 和6′-OCH3), 102.6 (C-Glc-1′′), 73.5(C-Glc-2′′), 77.1 (C-Glc-3′′), 69.9 (C-Glc-4′′), 76.5 (C-Glc-5′′), 60.9 (C-Glc-6′′)。经与文献[4]的仙茅苷 (curculigoside) 比较,它们的氢、碳谱数据基本一致,故鉴定其为仙茅苷 (curculigoside)。

2.5仙茅苷B (curculigoside B)

无色针晶 (甲醇),mp:210~211℃,紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显紫红色,分子式:C21H24O11。1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) :δ 9.99 (1H, s, OH), 9.06 (1H, s, OH), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, H-3), 6.63 (1H, dd, J = 8.8,2.8 Hz, H-4), 6.85 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz, H-6), 6.52 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3′), 7.20 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, H-4′), 6.51 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-5′), 3.74 (3H, s, OCH3), 4.61 (1H, d, J = 6.8 Hz, H-1′′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 126.9 (C-1), 147.5 (C-2), 117.2 (C-3), 114.7(C-4), 152.4 (C-5), 114.4 (C-6), 61.3 (C-7), 102.1 (C-1′), 155.6 (C-2′), 111.1 (C-3′), 131.2 (C-4′), 108.0 (C-5′), 157. 4(C-6′), 165.2 (C-7′), 55.8 (6′-OCH3), 102.6 (C-Glc-1′′), 73.5(C-Glc-2′′), 77.1 (C-Glc-3′′), 69.9 (C-Glc-4′′), 76.6 (C-Glc-5′′), 60.9 (C-Glc-6′′)。经与文献[5]的仙茅苷乙 (curculigoside B) 比较,它们的氢、碳谱数据基本一致,故鉴定其为仙茅苷乙 (curculigoside B)。

2.6仙茅苷C (curculigoside C)

无色针晶 (甲醇),mp:107~108℃,紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显紫红色,分子式:C22H26O12。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) :δ 6.99 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-3), 6.65 (1H, dd, J = 3.0,9.0 Hz, H-4), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 3.0 Hz, H-6), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-4′), 6.67 (1H, d, J = 9.0 Hz, H-5′), 3.70 (3H, s, OCH3), 4.62 (1H, d, J = 7.2 Hz, H-1′′), 3.16-3.46 (6H, m,2′,3′,4′,5′, 6′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 126.6 (C-1), 148.6 (C-2), 117.3 (C-3), 114.7 (C-4), 152.4 (C-5), 115.0 (C-6), 61.6 (C-7), 118.7 (C-1′), 144.7 (C-2′), 143.9 (C-3′), 117.8 (C-4′), 107.4 (C-5′), 148.6 (C-6′), 165.4 (C-7′), 60.6 (2′-OCH3), 56.2 (6′-OCH3), 102.6 (C-Glc-1′′), 73.4 (C-Glc-2′′), 77.1 (C-Glc-3′′), 69.9 (C-Glc-4′′), 76.6 (C-Glc-5′′), 60.9 (C-Glc-6′′)。经与文献[5]的仙茅苷C (curculigoside C) 比较,它们的氢、碳谱数据基本一致,故鉴定其为仙茅苷C (curculigoside C)。

2.7仙茅苷G (curculigoside G)

无色针晶 (甲醇),紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显紫红色,分子式:C22H26O11。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) :δ 7.07 (1H, overlapped, H-3), 7.28 (1H, t, J = 7.9 Hz, H-4), 7.08 (1H, overlapped, H-5), 7.18 (1H, m, H-6), 5.29 (2H, s, H-7), 6.67 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, H-3′,5′), 7.34 (1H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, H-4′), 3.77 (6H, s, OCH3-2′, 6′), 4.93 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz, H-1′′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 139.7 (C-1), 159.8 (C-2), 123.4 (C-3), 131.0 (C-4), 117.8 (C-5), 118.1 (C-6), 68.1 (C-7), 114.8 (C-1′), 159.4 (C-2′), 105.8 (C-3′), 133.2 (C-4′), 105.8 (C-5′), 159.4 (C-6′), 169.0 (C-7′), 57.1 (2′-OCH3 和6′-OCH3), 102.9 (C-Glc-1′′), 75.5 (C-Glc-2′′), 78.7 (C-Glc-3′′), 71.9 (C-Glc-4′′), 78.6 (C-Glc-5′′), 63.0 (C-Glc-6′′)。经与文献[6]的仙茅苷G (curculigoside G) 比较,它们的氢、碳谱数据基本一致,故鉴定其为仙茅苷G (curculigoside G)。

2.8丁香酸葡萄糖苷(glucosyringic acid)

白色粉末,紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸不显色,分子式:C15H20O10。1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) :δ 7.22 (2H, s, H-2,6), 3.79 (6H, s, OCH3-3,5), 5.10 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 125.9 (C-1), 107.4 (C-2和C-6), 152.3 (C-3和C-5), 138.3 (C-4), 167.0 (1-COOH), 56.5 (3-OCH3和5-OCH3), 102.0 (C-Glc-1′), 74.3 (C-Glc-2′), 77.5 (C-Glc3′), 70.0 (C-Glc-4′), 76.7 (C-Glc-5′), 60.9(C-Glc-6′)。以上数据与文献[7]报道的丁香酸葡萄糖苷 (glucosyringic acid) 数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为丁香酸葡萄糖苷 (glucosyringic acid)。

2.9苯甲基-O-β-D葡糖苷 (benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)

白色粉末,紫外254nm下无暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显棕色,分子式:C13H18O6。1H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) :δ 7.24-7.33 (5H, m, H-2,3,4,5,6), 4.57 (1H, d, J = 12 Hz, H-7), 4.82 (1H, d, J = 12 Hz, H-7), 4.22 (1H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, H-1′)。13C-NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6):δ 138.2 (C-1), 127.7 (C-2), 128.2 (C-3和C-5), 127.4 (C-4), 127.2 (C-6), 70.2 (C-7), 102.0 (C-Glc-1′), 73.6 (C-Glc-2′), 77.0 (C-Glc3′), 69.5 (C-Glc-4′), 76.8 (C-Glc-5′), 61.2 (C-Glc-6′)。以上数据与文献[8]报道的苯甲基-O-β-D葡糖苷 (benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) 的数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为苯甲基-O-β-D葡糖苷 (benzyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)。

2.10对羟基桂皮酸 (p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid)

无色针晶 (甲醇),紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸不显色,三氯化铁-铁氰化钾反应阳性,提示有酚羟基存在;溴甲酚蓝反应呈阳性,提示分子中含有羧基,分子式:C9H8O3。1H-NMR (600 MHz, MeOD) :δ 7.44 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-2,6), 6.80 (2H, d, J = 8.6 Hz, H-3,5), 7.59 (1H, d, J = 15.9 Hz, H-7), 6.28 (1H, d, J = 15.9 Hz, H-8)。以上数据与文献[9]报道的对羟基桂皮酸 (p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid) 的数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为对羟基桂皮酸 (p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid)。

2.11 3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸 (3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid)

白色针晶 (甲醇),紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-浓硫酸显暗黄色,三氯化铁-铁氰化钾反应阳性,提示有酚羟基存在;溴甲酚蓝反应呈阳性,提示分子中含有羧基,分子式:C8H8O5。1H-NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) :δ 7.04 (2H, s, H-2, 6), 3.81 (3H, s, OCH3-4)。以上数据与文献[10]报道的该化合物的数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为3,5-二羟基-4-甲氧基苯甲酸 (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzoic acid)。

2.12 1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 (levoglucosan)

白色针晶 (甲醇),紫外254nm下有暗斑,香草醛-硫酸显暗黄色,ESI-MS中给出峰m/z 185.1 [M+Na]+和347.0 [2M+Na]+,分子式:C6H10O5。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CD3OD) :δ 5.29 (1H, br. s, H-1), δ 3.30-4.60 (6H, H-2-6)。13C-NMR (150 MHz, CD3OD) :δ 103.7 (C-1), 73.1 (C-2), 78.1 (C-3), 72.6 (C-4), 74.9 (C-5), 66.4 (C-6)。以上数据与文献[11]报道的1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 ( levoglucosan) 数据对照基本一致,故鉴定其为1,6-脱水-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖 ( levoglucosan)。

参考文献:

[1] Kuster R. M., Mors W. B., Wagner H. Orcinol glucosides from Phyllanthus klotzschianus[J]. Fitoterapia 1996, 67 (3) : 283-284.

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[3] Gil R. R., Lin L. Z., Cordell G. A., et al. Anacardoside from the seeds of Semecarpus anacrdium[J]. Phytochemistry, 39 (2) :405-407.

[4] Palazzino G.., Galeffi C.., Federici E., et al. Benzylbenzoate and norlignan glucosides from Curculigo pilosa: structure analysis and in vitro vascular activity[J]. Phytochemistry, 2000, 55: 411-417.

[5] Fu D. X., Lei G. Q., Cheng X. W., et al. Cureuligoside C, a New Phenolic Glueoside from rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides[J]. Acta Botaniea Siniea, 2004, 46 (5) :621-624.

[6] Zuo A. X. Shen Y., Jiang Z. Y., et al. Three new phenolic glycosides from Curculigo Orchioides G.[J]. Fitoterapia, 2010, 81: 910–913.

[7] 李宁.三种仙茅属药用植物和天麻的化学成分研究 [D] 北京:中国科学院研究院.

[8] Miyase T, Ueno A, Takizawa N,et al. Studies on the glycosides of epimedium grandiflorum, MORR. var. thunbergianum (MIQ.) NAKAI. I [J].Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1987, 35 (3) :1109-1117.

[9] 苗青, 包海燕, 朴淑娟,等. 蛇莓乙酸乙酯萃取物的化学成分[J]. 第二军医大学学报, 2008, 29 (11) : 1366-1370.

[10] 张丽娟, 廖尚高, 詹哲浩, 陈晓君, 兰燕宇. 时珍国医国药[J]. 头花蓼酚酸类化学成分研究, 2010, 21(8) : 1946-1947.

[11] Alexan L, Hoyt C, Michalczyk R, Wu R, Thorn D. L., Pete Silks L. A.. Gram-scale synthesis and effi cient purification of 13C-labeled l evoglucosan from 13C glucose[J]. J. Label Compd. Radiopharm, 2013, 56:27-29.

(收稿日期:2017-01-16)

(本文编辑:刘雪松)

论文作者:牛超, 王振辉

论文发表刊物:《中华医学杂志》2017年3月第12期

论文发表时间:2017/4/7

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中药仙茅的化学成分研究论文_牛超, 王振辉
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