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since一词用法很灵活，是中学英语学习的重点和难点。本文试从其词性方面加以小结。
1.since用作连词(conj)
(1)引导原因状语从句，常置于句首。译为“既然”“因为”。例如：
Since everyone is here,let's begin our class.既然大家都在，让我们开始上课吧。
考例：____you are not well,yon needn't go with me.(B)
A.For B.Since C.As D.If
(2)引导时间状语从句。译为“自从……以来”“……以后”。
常用句型：
A.It is(has been) ＋一段时间＋since…（从句用一般过去时）
表示某动作在过去某一刻发生，其状态一直持续到现在。译为“自从……是多长时间了”。例如：
It is(has been)six years since I moved here.自从我搬到这儿已六年了。
有时用“It was＋一段时间＋since…”表示状态从过去某一时刻到过去某一时刻。since从句常用过去完成时，即：had done。
例如：Mary told me it was 8 years since they had got married.Mary告诉我他们结婚八年了。
考例：(1)It____10 years since he____his hometown.(D)
A.was,left B.is,has left
C.will be,leaves D.has been,left
(2)They asked me to have a drink with them.I said that it was at least ten years since I____a good drink.(MET88)(A)
A.had enjoyed B.was enjoying
C.enjoyed D.had been enjoying
B……主句（现在完成时）＋since……（从句用一般过去时）since从句中谓语为短暂性动词。例如：
Six years have passed since I moved here.
如果从句中谓语是延续性动词则该句译为与其相反的意思。例如：
How long is it since you smoked?
你戒烟多久了（或你多长时间没吸烟了）？
考例：—It's five years since I worked here.—____?（03东北三校联考）(C)
A.Have you worked here happily?
B.How long will you work here?
C.Where do you work now?
D.Do you want to work here longer?
2.since用作介词(prep)译为“自……以来”
常用句型：……主句（现在完成时）＋since＋“点”时间。例如：
I have lived here since 7 years ago.
since说明某事开始的时间，后为“点”时间；而for说明某事进行了多长时间，后为“段”时间。上句可译为：I have lived here for 7 years.但是，短暂性动词用完成时，表示一个动作的结束，不能和“since…”或“for…”时间状语连用，而延续性动词则可以。例如：
误：He has gone there since two years ago/for two years.
正：He has been there since two years ago/for two years.
考例：They____friends since they met in Shanghai.(MET89)(C)
A.have made B.have become
C.have been D.have turned
3.since用作副词(adv.)译为“从那以后”“后来”句子用现在完成时。短语ever since“从那以后（一直）”。例如：
I haven't seen him ever since.从那以后我一直没有看见他。
考例：Shelly____California for Texas and____there ever since.You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.（’30广州）(C)
A.left;worked B.has left;had worked
C.left;has worked D.has left;worked
巩固练习：
1.—It is weeks since he____
—So it is.We'd better ask someone else to help us.
A.fell ill B.was ill
C.is ill D.hms been ill
2.Prices of food in that area____sharply since word came that the war would break our soon.（’30福建）
A.were cut down;
B.were rising
C.nave been brought down;
D.have been going up
3.—The house looks terrible!
—Yes,it is.I was told that it was at least ten years since it____.
A.had painted B.had been painted
C.painted D.was painted
4.—Haven't seen you for ages.Do you still work in Zhengzhou?
—____.It's two years since I worked there.（’03郑州）
A.Yes,I do B.No,I don't
C.Yes,I have D.No,I haven't
5.—Why has he been staying at home these days?
—He____since a month ago.
A.has been out of work
B.was out of work
C.has lost his work
D.had left from his work
6.How long____since you left NewYork?
A.had it been B.was it
C.will it be D.is it
7.I have waited for her since____.
A.two hour B.two hours ago
C.two hours D.two hours before
key:1.A 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B
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