独立主格结构的组成与功能_独立主格结构论文

独立主格结构的组成与功能_独立主格结构论文

独立主格结构的构成及作用,本文主要内容关键词为:主格论文,独立论文,作用论文,结构论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

独立主格结构又叫独立结构,是英语中常见的一种语法结构。独立主格结构用于修饰整个句子,位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句中或主句末,常由逗号将其与主句分开。同学们若能掌握独立主格结构,对于提高综合应试能力是大有裨益的。

一、一般独立主格结构

这个结构是由“名词/代词主格+形容词/副词/介词短语/名词,数词/v.-ing/to do/v.-ed”组成的一种复合结构,其中的“名词或代词主格”在该结构中作“逻辑主语”,之后的部分(“形容词/副词……/v.-ed”)在这个结构中作“逻辑谓语、表语”等成分。整个复合结构相当于一个状语从句,分别表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或补充说明。如:

1.逻辑主语+名词

补充说明逻辑主语的身份或特征。

We saw a lot of children singing in the park,most of them girls.我们看到许多孩子在公园里唱歌,其中许多是女孩。

The huntsmen entered the forest,hunting dogs their companions,guns their weapons.猎人们进入了森林,猎狗为伴,枪为武器。

2.逻辑主语+介词短语

逻辑主语和介词短语连用时,逻辑主语之前可以没有冠词;如果逻辑主语之前有冠词,该介词短语中的名词之前也可以有修饰词。

The old fisherman was seated at the table,pipe in mouth(a pipe in his mouth).那个老渔夫坐在桌子旁边,嘴里含着烟袋。

3.逻辑主语+副词

副词表示逻辑主语的状态或方向。

The rain over,the passengers got everything ready to start off.雨停了下来,行人作好了出发的一切准备。

Joe was seated at the table,coat off,head down.乔坐在桌子旁边,大衣脱着,头低着。

4.逻辑主语+形容词(短语)

形容词(短语)表示逻辑主语的性质或特征。

They were making a snowman outside the house,hands red with cold.他们在房子外面堆雪人,手冻得通红。

I have learned that she hurt in the accident,my heart full of worries.我听说她在事故中受了伤,心中充满了担忧。

5.逻辑主语+数词

表示逻辑主语的数量多少或范围大小。

My teacher has a son and a daughter,son eighteen,daughter fifteen.我的老师有一个儿子和一个女儿,儿子18岁,女儿15岁。

6.逻辑主语+to do

to do表示逻辑主语将要发出的动作。

The two friends said goodbye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.两个朋友互相告别,一个回家了,另一个去了书店。

So many problems to settle,the manager was worried.有那么多问题要解决,经理很着急。

7.逻辑主语+v.-ing

v.-ing表示的动作和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。

He swearing that he would love the girl forever,the girl's parents could permit their daughter to marry him.他发誓他会永远爱这个姑娘,姑娘的父母才可能答应把女儿嫁给他。

强调动作发生的时间,要用完成时。

The earthquake having destroyed everything in town,all the citizens had to rebuild their homes.地震破坏了城里的一切,全体市民不得不重建家园。

具有被动意义的,也可以用被动语态。

All the tickets having been sold out,we went on foot.所有的票都已卖完,我们只好步行去了。

8.逻辑主语+v.-ed

v.-ed表示的动作和逻辑主语之间是被动关系。

The task finished,they went home respectively.任务完成了,他们各自回到家里。

Everything taken into consideration,his plans are better.如果把一切都考虑在内,他的计划好一些。

Many soldiers were without shoes,their feet wrapped in pieces of cloth.许多士兵没有鞋子,脚用布条包着。

二、其他独立主格结构

1.There being+名词/代词

2.It being+名词/代词

There being nothing to do,we had to go back home.由于无事可做,我们不得不回家。

It being a holiday,all the shops were shut.由于今天是假日,所有商店都关门了。

三、独立主格结构的作用

1.表示时间

The signal being given(When/After the signal was given),the bus began to leave.信号发出之后,汽车才离开。

2.表示原因

The problems having been solved(Because the problem have been solved),they feel relieved.由于问题得到了解决,他们才感到放心。

3.表示条件

Task finished in time,the workers will have a good rest.任务及时完成了,工人们才能好好休息。

4.表示伴随或方式

He lay in bed awake,his eyes opening wide.他醒着躺在床上,双眼睁得大大的。

The children watched the soldiers passing,their eyes bright and curious.孩子们看着战士们走过,眼睛明亮,充满好奇。

5.表示让步

She back(=Although she has come back),we haven't seen her yet.她虽然已经回来,我们还没有见到她。

The price down(=Though the price goes down),most of us can't afford.尽管价格下降了,我们还是买不起。

6.表示补充说明

She has built a grand house,a man-made stream running around,a little bridge over it.她建了一栋豪华住宅,人造小溪环绕,一座小桥飞架其上。

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独立主格结构的组成与功能_独立主格结构论文
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