在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语在全部成一部分提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做“倒装”。倒装的主要原因一是语法的需要，二是为了强调。英语中常见的倒装有下列两种情况。
一、完全倒装就是把整个谓语动词置于主语的前面，主要有以下两种情况。
引导词there be\exist 等动词引导表示存在的句子时。
1、There is a large modern library in our school.
2、There lived a king who cared for new clothes than for anything else.
副词up,down,on,in,off,away,tit 等引导的句子，谓语是come,go,rush,run 等动词时。
1、The door opened,and in rushed a boy.
2、Up and up go the prices.
3、On went her old brown jacket.On went her old brown hat.
4、Away ran the others,only an old man remained there.
副词here,there 引导的句子，谓语是be,come,go 等动词时。
1、Here are the story—books the students want.
2、There goes the bell,and class is over.
副词now,then,thus 等引导的句子，谓语come.follow,begin,end,be 等动词时。
1、Now comes your turn.
2、Then followed a shot of gun.
代词such引导的句子，谓语动词是be时。
Such is the influence of TV that it can make a person fanmous overnight.电视的影响力就会这么大，可以让人转眼成名。
借此短语置于句首，谓语是be,stand,it,lie 等动词时。
1、On the teacher`s desk are the new books for the students.
2、Along the wall stand four big bookcases.
在直接引语后面或者中间有作插入语的短语时。
1、“Look straight ahead，”cried the captain,“and tell me what you see.”
2、“Ah,what a beautiful picture!”said Tom.
句子表示祝福时。
Long live the people`s republic of China!
表语提前的句子，是以强调。
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1、Greatly loved in China are the English Ro—mantic poets.
2、Present at the meeting were nearly all his loyal supporters,o he was confident of winning the election.
二、谓语动词的一部分（助动词、情态动词等）置于主语的前面时用部分倒装，主要有下列几种形式：
Only 位于句首用来修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句时，该从句不倒装，主句倒装。
1、Only then did I realize the importance of speaking English.
2、Only in this way can you make progress in your English study.
在not only...but also...结构中。若not only 在句首引导一个句子，则该句要倒装，而but also 后的句子不倒装。
Not only did he come here,but also he was very happy.
在no sooner...than...和hardly(scarcely)...when...两个结构中，若no sooner或hardly(scarcely)...when...在句首引导一个句子，则该句要倒装，而than或when后的句子不倒装。
1、No sooner had we reached home than it be way gain to rain.
2、Hardly had he got to the workshop when he started ti work.
在neither和nor结构中，若neither在句首引导一个句子，则 neither和nor后的句子都要倒装。
Neither could theory do without practice,nor could practice do without theory.理论离开了实践不行，实践离开了理论也不行。
So,neither,nor位于句中，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。
1、The food didn`t cost much but neither was it very good.
2、After that we never saw her again,nor did we hear from her.
3、Mary can swim,so can Tim.
在so...that...句型中，若so位于句首，则主句需部分倒装，从句不倒装。即so+形容词\复习+助动词\情态动词+主语+其他。
So loudly did he speak that he frightened the little girls.
So excited was he that he couhtn`t say a word.
否定词never,little,not,seldom,hardly等位于句首时。
1、Seldom have I met him recently.
2、Never before had so many people in the united states been invited in China.
3、Not a single mistake did him make.
4、Nowhere have we ever seen much wonderful scenery.
5、Little did he know what had happend.
在not...until...句型中，若not位于句首，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。其语序为：not until...+助动词\情态动词+主语+其他。
1、Not until he returned home did he find he had his money stolen.
2、Not until 10 did he come home.
含有否定意义的短语如in no way,at no time,in no case,by no means,in\under no circumstances 等词组开头的句子，引起部分倒装。
1、In no way of all his money be saved.
2、At no time was the teacher aware of what was happening.
论文作者:李露
论文发表刊物:《知识-力量》2019年11月48期
论文发表时间:2019/10/28
标签：倒装论文; 谓语论文; 动词论文; 句子论文; 主语论文; 从句论文; 副词论文; 《知识-力量》2019年11月48期论文;