浅谈中等职业学校英语阅读教学与写作能力培养的结合论文_崔鹏

浅谈中等职业学校英语阅读教学与写作能力培养的结合论文_崔鹏

(吉林省工程技师学院 吉林 白山 134300)

中图分类号: G71 文献标识码: A文章编号:ISSN1004-1621(2016)10-0083-02

英语阅读教学侧重于对学生阅读理解能力和英语文化素养的培养与提高。这与培养学生写作能力并不是孤立分开的,将两者结合,在阅读中学习写作,在学习写作中掌握阅读的有效方法。

中等职业学校的英语学习需要较好的阅读和写作能力,才能达到教育部2009年1月颁布的《中等职业学校英语教学大纲》的要求。阅读与写作能力的提高之间是互相影响和提高的,在英语阅读理解的教学过程之中,教师常常引导学生,对文章的结构,写作意图,以及段落的分布进行分析。但是,在写作教学中,常常是先确定写作意图和文章结构之后,才指导学生开始写作,不妨把二者的微妙关系紧密结合起来,这样做教学效果会更好。

在词汇教学中不常用的词只需掌握读音及意义,常用的生词可以列出其用法。让学生扩展词汇量,多学几种表达同一意思的说法,继而运用在写作中。如:years before, a few years ago ,和 and,besides,as well as等英语中常见的连词,学会了这种说法并把它应用在英语写作中,可以避免不停重复使用的枯燥。但词汇教学要服从和服务语篇教学。结合自身教学体会,总结以下较实用的语篇教学法以及和写作能力培养的结合。

一、介绍文章背景法

在新课的讲授过程中,往往需要教师,对文章的学者背景进行详细的介绍,为了让学生能更好地理解文章的内容。这时就需要采用介绍文章背景法。如:中等职业学校英语教材基础模块1第二版第一单元"Nice to meet you!"中,就需要给学生们介绍,我们中国人是姓在前名字在后,而英美人是名字在前,姓在后。所以,名字称为"first name",姓称为" last name"。背景知识的介绍可加深对材料的领悟,也渗透了德育教育,能培养学生良好的道德情感,提高文化素养。学生会更加明确中英两种语言的差异,逐渐摆脱汉语思维的习惯。 但是,在这种教学方法实施之前,必须要搞清楚是否有介绍的必要,并不是每篇文章都需要进行背景介绍。学习完文章之后,可以激发学生的写作兴趣,要求学生去查找或发现中国人和英美人其它的文化或者生活习惯的差异。如:英美人闲谈的内容和中国人闲谈的内容有很大的差异等。

二、整体教学法

整体教学法是指从整体角度上抓住文章的结构、主旨、中心思想。实施时可以抓中心、标题进行阅读教学,让学生纵观全文结构和内容,了解常见的写作模式,从而应用到写作训练中。

如:基础模块1中unit4的阅读材料Meeting and Greeting选取各类代表性的文章运用整体教学法让学生掌握各种文章的结构,内容,主旨,这样,学生会知道这类文章的写作模式,如什么样的句子是表现主旨、结构、中心思想,通常放在什么地方等,写作时加以运用这点,写出的文章便有了优秀文章的雏形。 如:"Meeting and Greeting"In some countries people greet each other by kissing and embracing(拥抱). Avoid this in Britain. The way to greet a British person for the first time is to shake hands with him or her. There should be on more than three shakes up and down. Don't pat him or her on the back- this is not British.

Kissing is not common except in the case of elderly ladies. They will incline(降低) their heads, and you should lean(倾斜) towards their left side and kiss the air an inch or so above the cheek (脸颊). Do not actually TOUCH the cheek with you lips.

文章从总体来看,只有两个段落。题目简单但能很好地让读者一眼就看出文章的主题,和人见面时问候的方式。每个段落都有一个主题句话很好地概括了,每一段的段落大意。如文章的第一段,作者说"在一些国家,人们打招呼的方式是亲吻和拥抱。"然后给了读者们一个建议就是"在英国的时候,我们要避免这样做。"因为,英国人和人初次见面时,问候的方式是握手。文章的第三句话就是这一段落的主题句,作者主要是想表达,英国人的问候方式才是作者的写作重点。这样的段落分析,能够很好地帮助学生进一步了解作者的写作方法和写作目的,以及句子和句子之间的逻辑关系。学生在阅读过程中即获得了语言知识,有学会了作者的写作方法。下面是一名学生的写作能容:In the morning more and more people usually go to work by driving their own cars. For some reasons, we shouldn't do this. The way to go to work in China is to go to work by bus.这名学生通过对阅读材料的学习和对文章总体篇章结构的分析,很好地,把作者的写作方法运用到自己的写作当中去。当然,这个过程学要老师对学生耐心的指导和对语篇细致的分析。教师如果能在,学生开始学习英语的过程中,合理地制定教学方案,学生写作能力的提高会是必然的,达到事半功倍的效果。

三、段落提问教学法

段落提问教学法是指通过对阅读材料中的一些细节和整体内容的提问,使学生掌握细节信息和整体信息之间的关系。把这种教学的成果可应用到写作训练中。不断的提问能促使学生在写作之前考虑相关知识,从而使文章内容更充实,细节更完整,重点更突出。 如:下面是一篇中等职业学校对口升学的阅读材料。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆

A Frenchman had arrived at a small Italian town and was staying with his wife at the best hotel there. One night he went out for a walk alone. Suddenly he heard footsteps behind him. He turned his head and saw an Italian young man who quickly walked past him. The man was nearly out of sight when the Frenchman suddenly found his watch was gone. He thought it was that Italian who had taken his watch, He decided to follow him and force him to return the watch.

Soon the Frenchman caught up with the Italian. Neither of them understood the other's language. The Frenchman threatened(威胁) the Italian with his hand and pointed to his watch, In the end , the Italian gave his watch to him.

When he came to the hotel, the Frenchman told his wife what had happened. He was greatly surprised when his wife pointed to the watch on the table. Now he realized what a mistake he had made.

教师可以问如下问题:

1. With whom did the Frenchman go to Italy?

2. When the Frenchman found his watch gone, what did he think?

3. Why the Italian gave his watch to the Frenchman?

4. How was the Frenchman feeling when he saw the watch on the table?

5. Who had made a big mistake?

通过问学生以上五个问题,就能很好地,检查学生是否读懂了这篇文章,或者了解整故事的情节和脉络。最后一个问题,是对整篇文章的结果发问,问这个错误时谁犯下的?通过文章的最后一句话"he realized what a mistake he had made."我们可以知道这个错误时法国人犯下的。通过对上面阅读材料的学习,学生们可以学习到,在写记叙问的过程中,文章的开头,往往是写故事的时间、地点、人物等细节信息文章中部写事件的发生的过程和心理状态的描写。在文章的最后,才会写故事的最终结局和通过这个故事读者会明白某个道理,甚至是真理。通过,对文章的提问帮助学生更好地学习到了,记叙文的写作方法,并且,将这种方法很好地应用到自己的写作当中。

四、线索教学法

尤其针对于记叙文。其包括的内容有:个人经历、文学传记、新闻消息、历史文献及讲述故事的小短文、小说之类。阅读时应抓住几个要素5w+h (who、when、where、why、what、how)或时间顺序,或事件发生顺序。这时,可对相应的写作题进行训练。多多对以5w+h 开头的特殊疑问词提问可以培养学生写作时注意时间、地点、人物、事件等要注意的问题。 如下面一篇阅读材料。

Mark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he earned. He thought a long time before answering, and then said." Yes, it was at school. I can remember everything about it. Schoolboys in those days never respected their teachers and never took care of the things of the school. They often damaged their desks. There was a rule in our school that any boy who damaged his desk with a pencil or a knife would be beaten in front of the whole school or would have to pay five dollars."

"One day I damaged my desk in some way. I had to tell my father I had broken the rule, and to pay five dollars or be beaten before the whole school. My father said it would be only too bad to have our family lose face in front of the whole school. He agreed to give me five dollars to hand over to the teacher. But before giving me the money, he took me upstairs and gave me a beating."

"But as I had one beating and got used to it, I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars. So that is what I did. That was the first money I ever earned."这种线索教学法,通常我们可以用一种表格的形式,更加直观的展现在学生面前。

WhoMark Twain and his father

When Long ago or When Mark Twain was a boy

WhereAt school and at Mark Twain’s house

WhyHe broke the rule of the school, so he was to be punished

WhatHe wanted to keep the money.

HowBy being beaten again in front of the whole school.

在写作教学中,可以让学生先完成上面的表格,然后,在按照时间顺序或者事件发生顺序,

把上面的句子组成语篇,最后完成记叙文的写作任务。

五、讨论教学法

老师要善于设置问题并正确引导,让学生分成组,站在不同的立场阐述观点。运用这种方法,写作时能开阔写作视野,对问题的讨论能更全面,当然写出的文章更具有可读性。如关于smoking,可以设立一些可讨论的问题:Do you like smoking? Why or why not? 这样有利于培养学生的辩证观及自由运用英语表达自己的看法,充分调动学生的参与性、主动性、创造性。 同时,还要总结阅读中的惯用法、成语、习语、口语表达,加强学生听、读课文,根据材料用自己所学进行总结、归类、分析。 阅读文教学侧重于阅读理解能力和英语文化素养的培养与提高。这与培养学生写作能力并不是孤立分开的,将两者结合,在阅读中学习写作,在学习写作中掌握阅读的有效方法。

总之,中等职业英语阅读教学过程中,阅读课教学效果的好坏,直接关系到学生的阅读能力和对语篇分析能力的培养的成败。上好英语阅读课也关系到学生写作能力是否能进一步提升的关键。最后,我用我经常说的一句话来结束我的论文,"阅读是写作的前提,写作是阅读的逆过程。"二者关系不可分。

论文作者:崔鹏

论文发表刊物:《科学教育前沿》2016年10期

论文发表时间:2016/11/4

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浅谈中等职业学校英语阅读教学与写作能力培养的结合论文_崔鹏
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