Future of Herbs
By Yuan Yuan
NPC deputies discuss the development of traditional Chinese medicine and its role in poverty alleviation
This was the seventh year Hu Jiqiang,President of Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., attended the annual session of the National People’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing. As a deputy for two terms of the NPC, China’s top legislature, he has submitted suggestions related to the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) each year.
At the Second Session of the 13th NPC held on March 5-15, every time Hu talked to the media or on panel discussions, he mentioned a TV series on China Central Television titled TCM Masters, and would elaborate on a scene that was adapted from a true story.
On February 25, 1929—Hu would recount every time—the Ministry of Health of the Republic of China (1912-49)proposed the abolition of traditional medicine, which was opposed by TCM doctors nationwide. After a month, the ministry issued an official notice revoking the abolition.
首先，tPA对纤维蛋白具有特异亲和力，当tPA存在于血凝块、血浆或纯化的纤维蛋白原中时，几乎只完全与血凝块结合。其次，tPA在正常生理状态下对纤溶酶原的活化作用很低，当血栓发生时，纤维蛋白及与其相关的复合物可强有力地刺激该活化作用（图1）。这种效应形成了tPA特异性溶栓的基础［1，16］。
“The abolition initiative was put forward when China was weak and didn’t have enough confidence in our traditions,” Hu said. “Now we have developed into the world’s second largest economy. Our TCM should also have developed, but the current TCM situation is not ideal.”
Independent evaluation
“The debate on whether Western medicine or TCM is more effective has never ceased,” Zhao said. “Some extreme opinions about TCM have had some negative effects on its development. For example, if a patient takes a patented TCM drug and gets side effects on the liver, people will blame it all TCM herbal remedies.”
On the other hand, Zhao is delighted to see that the government has placed more importance on the development of TCM in recent years. The Law on Traditional Chinese Medicine, enacted on January 1, 2017, provided a sounder policy environment and legal basis for TCM development.
Geng Funeng, a deputy to the 13th National People’s Congress and President of the Sichuan Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, talks to a journalist in Beijing on March 10
When discussing the issue of TCM profits,Li Biao, an NPC deputy and President of the Yunnan Haopy Pharmaceutical Group, used Yunnan Baiyao as an example to explain how traditional medicine enriched the now giant pharmaceutical group.
As for the herbs themselves, Fang Tonghua, an NPC deputy and President of the Heilongjiang Zhenbaodao Pharmaceutical Group, cited some of the problems in the drug market. “Herbs need to be grown in speci fic places to be genuine and effective,” Fang said. “For example, only ginseng grown in China’s northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces can have its due effects, while those grown in the south are not much different from turnips. But many herb processing factories would rather ignore this fact,which results in some chaos in the herbal market.”
“TCM and Western medicine follow different rules in treating diseases, but now we have adopted the evaluation system of Western medicine to TCM, which has hindered the development of TCM.”
Zhao Chao, an NPC deputy and President of Shandong Buchang Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., echoed Hu’s remarks and suggested the government set up an independent evaluation system speci fically for TCM.
神经内外科临床教学本身存在很多难点和重点。对于有一定基础的进修医师来说，临床病例教学采用简单的面授课并不能收到特别良好的效果。此外，由于人数较少，也不适于大班教学。通过带教医师引导性提出问题后，让进修医师作为教学中的主角，搜集资料、制作课件、共同探讨的基于问题的学习（problem based learning，PBL）模式，在功能神经外科病例教学中可发挥较大作用[5]。临床医学针对的是单个的患者和具体的疾病，治疗疾病的过程就是发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的过程。而PBL最早就开始在医学教学中开展，因此基于问题的学习比较适合在功能神经外科临床病例教学中使用[5-6]。
Statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology show that in the past three years, the ratio occupied by TCM in the medical industry dropped from over 22 percent to 18 percent. “This is not consistent with the nation’s plan of making TCM development a national strategy,” Hu noted.
4)判断风险的存在性：根据风险与作业活动耦合矩阵(RBM)中的每个元素，逐个判断每个工作包中的每个风险因素.如果存在，则填1；如果不存在或者发生可能性极小并且后果很轻微,则填0.
In 2016, the State Council, China’s cabinet, issued the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan and the Outline of the Strategic Plan on the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2016-30), setting the bar for the TCM ratio at 30 percent.
Geng Funeng, an NPC deputy and President of the Sichuan Good Doctor Pharmaceutical Group, saw an opportunity years ago. Since 2014, Geng and his company have conducted a poverty alleviation project in Huodeng Village of Butuo County in Sichuan Province. The unique altitude and soil in the village are perfect for planting an herb called Fuzi, or monkshood.
A pharmacist in Xuyu County in Jiangsu Province weighs herbs on December 22, 2017
The herbal economy
“Now we are getting further from that goal,” Hu lamented. “There have been many reasons leading to this situation.The current medical system in China is dominated by Western medicine and treatments, leaving limited space for TCM.”
Used for pain relief and healing wounds, Yunnan Baiyao was created by a doctor from the Yi ethnic group in 1902.Today, it is a household drug in China. In 2018 alone, it sold over 260 kg, with sales volume surpassing 3 billion yuan ($449 million). Li’s company has also branched out to other businesses, including toothpaste, band-aids and even facial masks.“We have many herbal medicines in China that deserve more attention and effort to further research and development,” Li said.
Hu said that in the past three years,only one patented TCM drug has been approved by the National Medical Products Administration each year. For a giant country with more than 1,500 TCM pharmaceutical factories, this number is quite small. In comparison, in the last year alone,there were 49 new drugs approved for Western medicine.
For Zhao, these decisions and plans have mapped out a grand blueprint that focuses on the full revitalization of TCM,even though there is still a lot to be done.“Although the government pledged to give equal attention and status to TCM and Western medicine, TCM has long been regarded as an assistant treatment for patients, especially for those with major diseases,” Zhao said. “There is still a large role for TCM to play in medical treatment.”
There is not much technique involved in planting the herb, since it is quite similar to planting potatoes, so Geng’s company provided the seed and some simple training.
杨秉奎郑重地点了点头:“要是民族资本家,倒还有点儿商量了。政治上的事,我是懂些的——可既然他们不要你,你怎么还是来到这儿了呢?”
Initially, some villagers wouldn’t accept the herb, as they had been used to growing food crops, but the great financial rewards changed their minds. By planting potatoes, they only earned 500 yuan ($74.8) per mu (0.07 hectares) annually, but by planting Fuzi, they can earn more than 5,000 yuan ($748) per mu.
The business expanded to other villages in the county and by the end of 2018,there were 28 in Butuo that had joined the project, with more than 4,000 households lifted out of poverty.
图3中，样品1～4、7～8与空白组中氨基酸态氮含量相近，表明在同等发酵方式发酵条件下，添加增香酵母不会对薏仁碎米酱油中氨基酸态氮的含量造成很大影响，而同时添加两种增香酵母的样品5、6中氨基酸态氮含量则明显低于空白组，分析可能是总酸含量降低所致；由图3所示，样品7、8与样品1～4相比，其氨基酸态氮含量相对较高，表明分别在不同发酵时期添加两种增香酵母时氨基酸态氮含量较高，样品7中氨基酸态氮含量高达0.872 g/100 mL，略高于样品8，其含量与未添加增香酵母的样品9相比增长了2.41%，因此，为提高酱油风味，样品7是较好的添加方式。
为了查明本段隧洞围岩渗透性及地下水位情况，采用管井（深井）井点降水。首先将整个布井范围作为一个整体，可看做一口大井（见图1），根据《建筑基坑支护技术规程》（JGJ 120-2012），群井按大井简化的均质含水层潜水非完整井的基坑降水总涌水量，可按下列公式计算。
“Now we are planning to set up a processing plant for Fuzi in the county and it is expected to be the largest Fuzi processing center in China,” Geng told the media.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
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