COMMITMENT TO THE COUNTRYSIDE
When Xi Changlin, a former oil worker who now runs a homestay business in his home village Zhangjiagou, found the power supply insufficient for his guests, he turned to village official Ma Jian for help.
Ma, a government worker in Yan'an, northwest China's Shaanxi Province, is stationed in the village on a two-year term under the government's poverty alleviation program. His title is first secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Zhangjiagou Village Branch.
“The job requires me to stay in the village five days and four nights a week, coordinating efforts to help villagers improve their lives,” Ma said.
Every village in Yan'an has a coordinator like Ma. Although absolute poverty has been eradicated citywide, first secretaries continue their work to consolidate the progress made and seek further development.
The go-to guy
Zhangjiagou, with a population of some 900, lies in a hilly area in the south of Yan'an. The village is the gateway to the Yucha Canyon, similar to the Antelope Canyon in Arizona, the U.S. With the canyon gaining popularity in the recent couple of years, tourists have poured into the area, where villagers have started family hotels.
Since he came to work in Zhangjiagou in April last year, the accommodation and catering industry has been Ma's priority. Requesting power suppliers to upgrade the village power grid is one of the several things that he has done to promote the industry.
Speaking of his future plans, Deng said he would like to devote his career to rural and agricultural development. “Even when the position of first secretary is no longer needed after the poverty alleviation campaign ends, as a town government employee, I will continue to work in rural areas,” Deng said.
“We follow a household-specific poverty alleviation policy,” Ma said. “People in this village used to rely on corn planting for a living. It required backbreaking labor but the output was unstable, varying with climate conditions. Now we have different kinds of industries—homestay businesses, raising pigs and chickens, and growing vegetables in greenhouses.”
“The contest aimed at improving the services of the homestay businesses,” Ma said. “Only with good services can they become financially sustainable. They should not damage their reputation with exorbitant prices but poor quality.”
“The job calls for establishing rapport with farmers. One has to work in the fields to learn about their needs and assess the situation on the ground,” he said. “It is impossible for you to do a good job if you spend most of the time in your office.”
First secretaries are active players in China's poverty alleviation campaign. Selected and dispatched to villages by CPC committees at higher levels, they are part of the village leadership together with members of the village CPC branch and the villagers' committee. They are tasked with helping devise village development plans, seeking funding to resolve transportation, water, power supply and other practical problems, and enhancing villagers' capability of self-governance.
Another focus of Zhou's work is to encourage more young people to join the Party. The village currently has 17 CPC members, most of them older than 50. “Party members play an exemplary role in a village,” he said. “They are expected to unite and lead other villagers in their efforts to develop rural businesses for higher incomes.”
配制100 μg/mL Vc标准溶液[11]：称取标准Vc粉末10 mg(准确至0.1 mg)，用蒸馏水进行溶解，转移到100 mL容量瓶中，并加蒸馏水稀释到刻度，混匀，此Vc溶液的浓度为100 μg/mL。
In addition, the committee finds job opportunities for needy villagers. Committee officials also helped secure donations for a family to treat their 12-year-old boy for cerebral palsy.
A visitor parks in the courtyard of a family hotel in Zhangjiagou Village on July 8
For instance, he organized a cooking contest last year, where family hotels showcased their dishes. The judges were invited from prominent hotels in Yan'an.
On-the-ground support
我从大连返回济州。逃学一个月了，系里还不知道，只有宿舍的人知道。他们对我很关心，问我家里的事是否处理完了。我说完了。他们说不是你家里有事吧，一个漂亮女孩来找你，你是跟她走的，对不对？她是你女朋友吗？好啊老李，你个浪驴，重色轻友。
将上述 A、B、C三个厂家的化成箔各取 2组，每组 3张样片。按照左、中、右顺序将试样用三枚夹子夹住，确认有效测试面积（30*150mm或10*50mm）足够浸入测试液中（上切口以上不少于5mm浸入）。
In Yan'an, each Party and government department as well as public institution is entrusted with supporting one village. Ma, 48, is an official with the Yan'an New District Management Committee, which is overseeing the development of a 38-square-km new city area on the outskirts of Yan'an. The committee has not only sent a first secretary to Zhangjiagou but also provided help in other ways. For instance, it raised 2 million yuan ($290,800) to renovate roads in the village and build a recreational square with sports and performance facilities.
First secretaries like Ma all value a down-toearth attitude. Zhou Gang, First Secretary of the CPC Wangwan Village Branch, Yichuan County, is from Yan'an University, which helps the village with its talent pool. Agricultural experts come to instruct farmers on how to grow vegetables and fruits in greenhouses. Farmers also attend lectures at the university.
Deng Guotao, a 30-something official with the Wenanyi Town Government, Yanchuan County, has worked in Hejiahe, a village under the administration of the town, as first secretary for four years.
Ma has also done matchmaking for family hotel owners with online hotel booking platforms so that they can attract more tourists.
For instance, when explaining government policies, he noted, a first secretary must avoid jargon and use language familiar to villagers.
“Ma is a great helper and has brought about a lot of changes,” Xi said.
原料：猪蹄 500 g，猪肉 250 g，红枣、水发木耳、黄豆芽各 100 g，水发香菇、菠菜各150 g，葱50 g，豆腐200 g。豆瓣酱 50 g，老姜 25 g，冰糖20 g，醪糟汁 100 g，大蒜 50 g，菜油150 g，牛油 100 g，干辣椒 15 g，花椒10粒，精盐 15 g，味精 3 g，鲜汤2 000 g。
周松山在《温州民间资金规模、特征、流向的实证分析及引导建议》一文中指出，由于存款和现金中尚有用于即期消费资金和临时周转或用于谨慎动机(如养老金)预留资金，应予扣除，因此，实际可动用或可引导的温州民间资金应少于下面的数额。
Zhang Yangang, Secretary of the CPC Xinhu Village Branch, Yichuan County, said the first secretary in his village, Wang Wenjie, has helped build a stronger village leadership, adding that Wang is very good at mobilization, especially when it comes to anti-drought and anti-frost efforts. Xinhu specializes in apple cultivation.
“We have a WeChat (a popular instant messaging app) group to facilitate communication among village leaders. When problems arise, we can discuss them promptly and take immediate action,” Wang said.
The deployment of first secretaries ensures the government's poverty alleviation decisions are effectively implemented with a four-tier management system at the city, county, township and village levels, said Ji Xionghua, a professor at Yan'an University, who does research on Yan'an's poverty relief program.
First secretaries also help strengthen the CPC's organizations at the primary level. In addition, through establishing closer connections with the people, the officials can improve their competence and political conduct, Ji said.
Ma said he had not worked in rural areas before he served as first secretary in Zhangjiagou. At first he was not clear about what to do. After attending the training provided for first secretaries, he adopted a learning-by-doing approach.
近年来，我国高等学校越来越重视学生创新能力的培养。但长期以来，我们的教育体系只强调背诵和考试。学生思维僵化，只会模仿甚至抄袭，导致我们难以真正培养出适合当今社会发展所需要的各行各业的人才。创新思维能力的培养建立在理性之上，有效的思维方法就是为学生打开创新之门提供的一把钥匙。为此，我们学校外语学院外语系为英语专业三年级新开设了一门64学时的专业必修课——批判性思维。作为课改后的创新课，这门哲学课由英语专业教师担任，用英语授课。一年来的实践证明，该课的开设取得了良好的结果。
“I began to learn more about the village, the villagers and their hopes and concerns,” he said. “It is my duty to help them address their most pressing problems and difficulties.”
在更新Pareto最优解时，将第g代所得Pareto最优解与第g+1代个体合并，然后通过支配关系筛选出非劣解集X*。若X*集合中个体数少于Np，则将X*作为第g+1代的Pareto最优解集；若X*集合中个体数大于Np，则采用拥挤度距离排序方法筛选出距离排在前Np的个体作为第g+1代的Pareto最优解集。
(Reporting from Yan'an, Shaanxi Province )
Officials take a hands-on approach to poverty alleviation By Yan Wei
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Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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