沙利度胺对免疫介导再障小鼠造血功能的影响论文_张秋蓉,刘子骧,陈紫英,吴兴国,李永萍(通讯作者)

大理大学第一附属医院血液科 云南大理 671000

摘要:目的 评价沙利度胺对再障小鼠免疫功能包括TNF-α、IFN-γ 及骨髓微环境特别是对VEGF的影响。方法 建立免疫介导的再生障碍性贫血的小鼠模型,分成5组,分别为正常组,正常沙利度胺组,再障组,再障沙利度胺组,再障环孢素A组 药物干预后14天检测外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ,免疫组化测骨髓VEGF。结果 再障小鼠外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ水平升高,予沙利度胺干预治疗后TNF-α的表达下降,但对VEGF的影响不明显。结论 沙利度胺可改善再障小鼠临床症状,提高白细胞、血小板计数,对促进造血功能的恢复有一定的积极作用,沙利度胺可明显抑制再障小鼠TNF-α的表达,对再障小鼠的IFN-γ有一定的影响。

关键词:沙利度胺;再障小鼠模型;造血

Abstract【Objective】To explore the thalidomide’s effect on the count of blood cell,TNF-α、IFN-γ and expression of VEGF and MVD and hematopoietic microenvironment about pathogenesyof immune-mediated aplastic anemia mouse model.To evaluated if thalidomide is available to treat aplastic anemia as an immune-suppressible medication.【Methods】Immune-induced aplastic anemia model mice are established,the BALB/c mice are randomly divided into 5groups,1.normal control,2.normal with thalidomide treatment,these 2 groups are normal groups(non-aplastic anemia);3.model control(aplastic anemia with no treatment),4.model with thalidomide,5.model with Cyclosporin A(CsA). Then,the change of weight,activities,hair is accordingly monitored. Blood cell count is then detected. The levels of TNF-α、IFN-γ was measured by ELISA. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to test the the expression of VEGF and MVD of pathological sections of bone marrow of immune-mediated aplastic anemia mouse model group and control group . All the data are analyzed by means of statistics through SPSS11.5 software.【Results】:aplastic anemia groups and non-aplastic anemia groups,the weight change was statistically significant(p<0.05)in the 7th day and the 14th day. Compared with the aplastic anemia group,the weight of thalidomide intervention aplastic anemia group has increased,but with no significant difference in weight loss in the 14th day after modeling(p>0.05). The RBC in aplastic anemia group and the thalidomide intervention aplastic anemia group are not statistically significant(p>0.05),however,the WBC and PLT has significant differences. About TNF-α,the aplastic anemia groups is much higher than control groups. After Thd treat aplastic anemia group,TNF-αwas decreased and aplastic anemia group with CsA is decreased,too. About IFN-γ,the aplastic anemia groups is much higher than control groups,thus significant differences,aplastic anemia group and aplastic anemia group with Thd is not significant difference(P>0.05). The aplastic anemia group and aplastic anemia group with CsA is of significant difference(P<0.05).The mean optical density of the thalidomide intervention AA group was 0.190±0.001. the expression of VEGF in immune-mediated aplastic anemia mouse model group was no significantly lower than the thalidomide intervention AA group(P>0.05).【Conclusion】:Thalidomide as an immunomodulatory can be effective to regulate the immunological disorder in aplastic anemia partly,improved mice clinical symptoms,increase the weight,WBC,PLT of aplastic anemia mice,in some extent recover the hematopoietic function.the expression of VEGF in immune-mediated aplastic anemia mouse model group was significantly lower than normal group and would be descending under the circumstance that hematopoietic failure.

【Keywords】Thalidomide,Aplastic Anemia Mice Model,Hematopoietic

目前认为再生障碍性贫血(简称再障)的发生与免疫功能紊乱最为密切,尤其是T细胞功能异常亢进,TNF-α主要由巨噬细胞分泌,与再障病情严重程度相关,IFN-γ主要由辅助T(Th)细胞产生,为调节Th细胞极化的细胞因子,VEGF是对血管的生成和造血起重要作用的因子。沙利度胺具有多种药理作用,特别具有免疫调节,特别是对TNF-ɑ的抑制,同时对骨髓微环境的影响,本研究通过建立免疫介导的再障小鼠模型分组后胃饲沙利度胺后,检测小鼠外周血细胞计数,肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α),干扰素-γ(IFN-γ),股骨骨髓涂片细胞学及免疫组织化学检测VEGF,并和常规治疗再障的一线药物环孢素A进行比较,评价沙利度胺对再障小鼠造血功能,免疫功能及骨髓微环境特别是VEGF的影响。

1 材料与方法

1.1实验动物

balb/c小鼠40只,分成5组,分别为正常组,正常沙利度胺组,再障组,再障沙利度胺组,再障环孢素A组

1.2 造模

24只balb/c小鼠经6.0Gy一次性全身均匀照射后,4h内经尾静脉输注DBA/2小鼠的胸腺/淋巴结细胞悬液0.2ml/只

1.3 方法

将沙利度胺和环孢素A均用生理盐水配成2mg/ml,在造模处理后的第一天开始灌胃,剂量5mg/d.kg。对照组按体重喂饲同等量生理盐水,共14天。药物干预后14天,眼球取血ELISA法测外周血TNF-α、IFN-γ,取股骨病理检查,免疫组化测VEGF。

1.4 统计学方法

采用SPSS11.5统计软件进行统计分析,计量资料以均数±标准差表示,样本采用方差分析,P<0.05为差异有显著性。

2 结果

2.1 一般情况

再障组与正常组小鼠的体重变化第14天时有统计学差异(P<0.05)。再障+沙利度胺组小鼠的体重较再障对照组到第14天时有所升高但仍无统计学差异(P>0.05),见表1,表2。

3.讨论

再生障碍性贫血,被视为内科危重症,须立即采取积极的对症支持治疗,并且应尽早采用免疫抑制剂和造血干细胞移植。免疫抑制剂简便易行,骨髓移植有治愈的可能,但费用昂贵,移植相关死亡率较高。

沙利度胺作为一种新型免疫调节剂,目前广泛用于多种免疫系统疾病并获得较好疗效,但沙利度胺能否用于治疗再障?我们利用已建立的再障小鼠模型,观察临床疗效及实验室指标,分析沙利度胺治疗再障的可行性。从一般情况看,造模后再障组小鼠均出现食欲不佳,动作缓慢,毛发凌乱,尾端有咬痕等表现,正常+沙利度胺组小鼠较正常对照组活动度、进食量稍有减少,再障+环孢素组一般情况差,不能排除剂量上造成急性药物中毒的可能,灌胃后第14天小鼠外周血红细胞较再障对照组降低,白细胞及血小板升高,有显著差异。再障+沙利度胺组14天后外周血白细胞、血小板较再障组明显升高,有显著性差异;红细胞有所升高,但无显著性差异。目前有报道称沙利度胺可促进红系造血,具体作用靶点尚不明确[1]。沙利度胺的衍生物来那度胺2009年被美国FDA批准在其境内使用,用于治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(5q-缺失)所致的输血依赖性贫血,显示在使用该药≥8周中,67%出现红系改变(红细胞不依赖输血≥8周或血红蛋白上升达2g/dl)[2]。Raza等[3]报道了83例MDS患者应用沙利度胺的治疗结果,在可评估的57例中,21例有改善,13例出现血小板升高反应,7例出现中性粒细胞升高反应,反应的中位时间为10周。

由此可见,沙利度胺及其衍生物对外周血三系增生有一定的促进作用,但发生反应的中位时间较长,能够解释本实验中再障未治疗组与再障+沙利度胺组的红细胞有所变化但无显著性差异的原因。本实验通过ELISA方法测出再障组的TNF-α,IFN-γ较正常组升高明显,说明两者对再障的发生发挥着重要的作用。本实验再障+沙利度胺组的TNF-α明显低于再障未治疗组,说明沙利度胺对再障表达的TNF-α亦有明显的影响。再障+环孢素组的TNF-α下降明显,与其作用机制一致,IFN-γ产生增多在重型再障发病过程中起着不可忽略的作用。Michael L.等[4]研究发现成功建立再障小鼠模型后,IFN-γ浓度为原来浓度的2~3倍,使用抗IFN-γ抗体后,再障小鼠的存活率显著提高。

研究发现沙利度胺在细胞水平发挥免疫调节作用,体外试验表明沙利度胺能通过TCR复合物促进IL-2介导的原始T细胞增殖,促进IFN-γ的分泌[5];国外另一项实验对20名麻风结节性红斑患者用沙利度胺治疗21天,多数患者7天内皮损完全消退,相应的体外实验第7天观察到分裂素诱导的CD4+和CD8+分泌IL-2及IFN-γ显著升高,到第21天时下降至治疗水平以下[6]。Mchugh等[7]通过体外培养人外周血PBMC发现,沙利度胺可以增加PHA刺激的IL-4、IL-5的合成,而抑制IFN-γ的但。本实验测出再障小鼠模型的IFN-γ显著提高,但使用沙利度胺干预后IFN-γ表达未见明显减少,无统计学差异。

结合结果进行综合分析,考虑沙利度胺可以影响IFN-γ表达,对IFN-γ的作用是短暂变化的。VEGF是对血管的生成和造血起重要作用的因子。VEGF低表达可从多方面影响骨髓血管生成与造血干细胞的生存,促进再障的发生与进展,本实验再障+环孢素组VEGF较再障对照组增高明显。证明了环孢素对再障治疗的肯定作用,再障+沙利度胺组的VEGF高于再障对照组,但差异无显著性,是否与样本量少及实验时间短等因素有关。从本实验看沙利度胺对再障小鼠的影响是多方面的,已说明其对再障小鼠具有一定的免疫调节作用,沙利度胺是否为获得性再障治疗患者的一个新选择,仍需大量的动物实验、体外实验及临床数据的支持。

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[3]Raza A,Meyer P,Dutt D,et al. Thalidomide produces transfusion independence in long-standing refractory anemia of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood,2001,98(4):958-965.

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论文作者:张秋蓉,刘子骧,陈紫英,吴兴国,李永萍(通讯作者)

论文发表刊物:《健康世界》2017年22期

论文发表时间:2017/12/27

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沙利度胺对免疫介导再障小鼠造血功能的影响论文_张秋蓉,刘子骧,陈紫英,吴兴国,李永萍(通讯作者)
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