Is a Blanket Ban on Live Streaming by Minors Justified?
Online live streaming is big business nowadays, raking in huge profits and attracting hundreds of millions of viewers. In addition to adults, this fl ourishing sector is now drawing underage live streamers. According to a report by the Sina Weibo Data Center, as early as in 2016, live streamers aged 11-16 accounted for 12 percent of all streamers in China. The figure has been rising still, while streamers are getting younger.
While showing the tech savviness of young people, it has an adverse side as well. There have been controversies like webcasts by minors who flaunted their pregnancy. These and other controversies have stirred up heated discussions on whether there should be a sweeping ban on underage live streamers or at least a partial ban.
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First, a large number of webcast platforms are profit-driven, so no one can guarantee that they will not produce improper content involving minors. Second, the impact of webcasts on the underage goes beyond the content. It eats so deeply into the young generation’s time that it might destroy the future of the young. Third, if webcasts are seen as an industry, then to use minors as live streamers violates China’s Labor Law.
While most people taking part in the public debates say minors should be blocked from this sector, there are however some who think that as long as there are explicit standards and supervision, minors should be allowed to live stream.
Ban, a better option
Mao Jianguo (Southern Metropolis Daily ): Rapid Internet development has brought humdingers like webcasts and short videos, which are now growing into a big industry. Like others, this industry too is not immune to negative things. Nowadays, webcasts are suspected of having become a hotbed of improper programs. Particularly, the involvement of minors in this industry is making the situation more complicated.
In 2017, the media reported that some live streaming platforms were showing indecent exposure by minors. In 2018, some short video platforms carried live streaming by pregnant underage girls who showed their pregnancy kits and antepartum examinations. It triggered a demand that these webcasts be blacklisted and they were.
Tian Ge (Beijing Youth Daily ): Online live streaming has seen a boom in recent years, but obviously, this sector needs to be standardized, especially underage live streamers. Some think that before this sector is cleaned up, children should be kept away. Their worry is not groundless. All illegal or immoral activities in the adult world will have much more serious consequences if they occur among the underage, and might ruin the children involved.
In spite of continuous calls for underage webcasts to be banned, some argue that the focus should be on content, not on the age of live streamers. This suggestion, while it seems reasonable, fails to see three problems.
Some legal experts recently issued a report on protection of minors in the cyberspace, suggesting that those under 14 should be restricted from independently live streaming and posting videos online. They should be allowed to do so only when they are accompanied by their parents or have their parents’ consent.
A blanket ban on webcasts by minors is indeed not the best option, but there are seldom perfect options in the world. In most cases, we have to choose the lesser of two evils. The webcast sector, though it is prospering, has been found to be unhealthy in some aspects. So there must be some way to cure it for its long-term good.
Webcasts are not something minors should get involved in. Their major task is to study and grow up in a healthy way. The webcast sector is not supposed to capitalize on children. Some argue that to shield children from Internet ills, one has to address not just Internet problems but problems in real life. Why are more children getting increasingly addicted to the Internet? Why is the real world losing appeal for them?
Indeed, it’s important to tackle problems in the real world but this does not mean that problems in cyberspace should be ignored.
如今，我国农业及农村地区的经济发展已迈入新的历史阶段，需要借助科技力量来实现创新发展及内生增长。合理调整农业科技的创新发展方向，积极调整并优化，适时改革，以此来创新现有的发展模式，打造特色农业。紧扣生态与现代农业的创新要素，实现农业发展的多方面进步，比如品种、生产工艺、流程及组织等多方面，从而构建出更全面的农业科技创新模式，形成长期有效的创新产业机制，保持农业的特色发展动力与活力，从根本上保证旅游观光业的积极发展[5]。
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Standardize, not ban
Zhang Dongmei (Guangzhou Daily ): Acting cute while doing homework, pitching cosmetic brands as models, dancing and singing, more and more children are live streaming these days. So regulating the involvement of underage streamers has become an urgent issue.
To totally reject underage streamers is not the best choice. We are now in an Internet era where live streaming and short videos are already common. The underage also have the right to participate in Internetrelated business, which should be respected and guaranteed. To bar them is unwise and impossible. But of course, without proper guidance and standards to rein them in, they can be easily misled and tempted by monetary baits, which could result in their lives being ruined.
水行政执法是水利工作的重要组成部分，也是实现依法治水的重要手段。遵循正当的法律程序，是维护正常水事秩序的需要，也是贯彻执行水法律法规的需要。只有执法主体和相对人都遵循正当的法律程序，才能有效地扼制水事违法行为的发生，创造和谐的水行政秩序，有效实施水行政管理，保护公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益，维护公共利益和社会秩序。
整本书的阅读属于课外阅读的范畴，但是又与课外阅读有所不同。课外阅读在时间、场所、方式等方面都与课内阅读有较大的差异。整本书的阅读不能放任学生随意读，而是要像课内阅读一样，就书本中的要点进行详细的解读、讨论与交流，这就需要教师有效、科学的指导。也就是说，教师在学生的整本书阅读中，并不是可有可无的角色，而是扮演指导者、组织者的角色。
Also, the underage audience of underage streamers might be misled by improper content as well. Therefore, it’s necessary and even urgent to standardize the underage webcast sector.
There are many reasons minors take to live streaming. Some are there for fun and to showcase their artistic talent, some come to make money, and some to spend their free time. Therefore, a sweeping ban on all underage streamers seems to be going too far. There have been some suggestions that children under 14 should be banned from live streaming or posting their videos online unless they’ve got consent from their parents or are accompanied by their parents.
There are calls for the underage to stay away from live streaming, and some webcast companies have said that they will not allow streamers under the age of 18. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism stipulates that online live streamers must register by using their ID.
The government has already taken a series of precautionary measures, such as requiring real-name authentication and limiting online time for kids. Despite these efforts, a lot of challenges still exist. So banning children under the age of 14 from webcasting and posting short videos will help to solve the problem fundamentally.
遥感是获取地表及地物信息的一种重要手段，其实时、快速、准确及经济的特点，在地质灾害调查中发挥着越来越大的作用。利用遥感技术可以不断探测大量的地质信息，且遥感技术具有视野广阔的独特优势，结合GPS、GIS等新技术、新方法，可快速、全面、准确地查明地质灾害分布现状，提高地质灾害的调查精度和质量。遥感技术已成为开展地质灾害监测、调查、治理等最有效的方法和手段之一。
It’s been found that a large number of underage streamers are drinking, smoking or even exposing to attract viewers. It’s also a matter of concern that by doing so, they can earn a handsome income. The appeal of live streaming is so strong that few of them can resist it. In the best case scenario, live streaming will affect children’s schoolwork and waste their precious youth; in the worst case scenario, they will develop bad values and an improper outlook, which will damage their future.
It’s not that children’s live streaming should be stopped but there must be some criteria and guidance. The content of live streaming is more important than age. To ensure healthy live streaming by children, there should be some compulsory preconditions.
However, the reality is that many minors choose to circumvent that by using the IDs of adults, who also go through the face scanning required for verifi cation. All this means that to block minors from webcasting, it’s not enough to depend on their self-discipline.
成果表包括界桩登记表、三交点界桩登记表、界桩成果表、界址点成果表、三交点成果表和界线协议书附图备考表。参考1998年陕西省各乡镇联合勘界相关成果，对边界线上的界线名称、边界点名称、编号、坐标及行政归属等内容形成不同制式表格模板，方便信息录入、管理与查询。
Parents should tell their children about the downside of getting involved in live streaming so that children develop an objective attitude toward live streaming. Adults should not lend their IDs to children to register for live streaming. And the watchdogs must patrol webcast platforms more actively and remove all unauthorized videos of underage streamers.
如果我们想要防止所有财富和权力集中在少数精英手中，我们就必须更实际和更直接管理数据的所有权。在古代，土地是最重要的资产，所以政治是争夺土地的斗争。在现代，机器和工厂比土地更重要，所以政治斗争集中在控制这些重要的生产资料上。在21世纪，数据将取代土地和机械成为最重要的资产，因此政治将是控制数据流的斗争。
Take age-wise measures
Editorial (The Beijing News ): Given the chaos in China’s online streaming sector, efforts must be made to rectify the situation. Apart from improper content, when underage girls live stream their pregnancy photos and pregnancy test kits, their privacy is breached. Also, since people’s values and outlook on life are formed in their teens, such live streaming experiences may distort their outlook, whether they are the actual live streamers or the underage audience.
But a sweeping ban on underage live streamers is not the best option. It’s better to divide minors into different age groups. Banning those under the age of 14 from registering as live streamers is fi ne since they are still undergoing compulsory education and live streaming will affect their school work.
For those between 14 and 18, since they are mostly outside the purview of compulsory education, they can be allowed to live stream but they must be accompanied by adults and get their guardians’ consent. Besides, the content of their live streaming must be supervised. Restrictions on underage streamers’ live streaming are especially necessary as they might be misguided otherwise and then their future might be ruined.
阿花知道我在犹豫，继续发起攻势，于是我就向阿花缴械投降了。我的眼前浮现出一马平川，风光无限，我和阿花在驰骋，在比翼高飞。我还看见有一道美丽的光环，变幻着五彩缤纷，戴在我的头上，高高悬挂在一个遥远的小村庄的上空。我的父老乡亲们都抬起了头，仰望着这颗从小村庄升起的璀璨明珠，发出一声声的惊呼。
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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