动词不定式不带to的情形,本文主要内容关键词为:不定式论文,动词论文,不带论文,情形论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。
众所周知,动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,它具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,因此,在句子里可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语或表语。但在某些结构中,不定式又往往不带to。现将有关不定式不带to的几种情况综述如下,供同学们学习时参考。
一、用在感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel等后,作为宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。如:
I saw her go to school by bike.
我看到她骑自行车上学。
We offten hear her sing in the morning.
我们常听到她在早晨唱歌。
二、用在使役动词make,let,have等后,作为宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to。如:
The teacher has the students write a composition every week.
老师要学生每星期写一篇作文。
His father let him stay at home alone.
他父亲让他一个人呆在家里。
注意:感觉动词see,watch,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel和使役动词make,let,have等用于被动语态时,动词不定式为主语补足语则要带to。如:
They were made to leave their own hometown.
他们被迫离开家乡。
三、用在had better,had best,would rather(宁愿)等结构后,动词不定式不带to。如:
You'd better go and look for her.
你最好去找找她。
We would rather go to see a film.
我们宁愿去看电影。
四、两个或两个以上句法功能相同的动词不定式并列使用时,通常只是第一个动词不定式带to,后面的动词不定式则不带to。如:
We began to read and write.
我们开始读和写。
He decided to go and get some medicine.
他决定去买点药。
五、在“Will you please+动词不定式”一类表示邀请或命令的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如:
Will you please bring me some meat?
请你给我带点肉来好吗?
Will you please help me with my English?
请你帮我学英语好吗?
六、用在由“Why…”或“Why not…”一类表示建议的句型中,动词不定式不带to。如:
Why not go to see a doctor?
=Why won't you go to see a doctor?
为什么不去看医生?
Why waste so much time?
为什么浪费这么多时间?
七、用在助动词will,shall,would,do和情态动词can,may,must,need,dare等后,动词不定式不带to。如:
She can sing in English.
她会用英语唱歌。
Unfair!How dare you say that?
不公平!你怎么敢这么说?
注意:ought to,have to中的to不能少。dare和need用作实义动词时,后面的动词不定式要带to。如:
He doesn't dare to swim in the river.
他不敢在河里游泳。
八、用在动词help后作为宾语补足语的动词不定式既可以带to,也可以不带to。如:
Will you help me(to)repair my bike?
请你帮我修理一下自行车好吗?
He often helps me(to)do my lessons.
他常帮我做功课。
九、用在do anything/nothing/everything but/except一类结构后,动词不定式不带to。如:
Can't you do anything but ask such silly questions?
难道你只会提这些愚蠢的问题吗?
He could do nothing except wait.
他除了等别无办法。