ASIA IN THE MIDDLE
Zhou Xiaochuan, Vice Chairman of the Boao Forum for Asia
This year's Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference will be held on March 26-29 in the town by the same name in Hainan Province. Founded in 2001, the BFA is a nongovernmental, nonprofit international organization committed to promoting regional economic integration.
Ahead of the conference, Zhou Xiaochuan, Vice Chairman of the BFA, shared his views on the world economic situation and the BFA's role in promoting common development with Beijing Review reporter Wang Hairong. Zhou is also the chief representative of China to the forum and former governor of the People's Bank of China.
（二）区域布局由分散向重点区域转移 以前，我国生猪生产主要集中在长江流域、中原、东北和两广地区，其猪肉产量占全国总量的80%以上，是我国主要的生猪、猪肉生产区和调出区，特别是东北，是我国生猪的高产区。目前，这一格局正在由东部、南部发达地区向西部非发达地区转移，由粮食非主产区向粮食主产区转移，随着国家本部大开发战略，西部经济的发展将改善人们的消费习惯和饮食结构，以猪肉为主的消费形式还要维持很长一段时间，其市场潜力巨大。
Beijing Review: The BFA has become an important platform for promoting globalization and the development of Asia and emerging economies. Can you explain its role?
Zhou Xiaochuan: The BFA is a high-level dialogue platform with unique advantages.Over the years, it has been committed to promoting economic integration in Asia as well as globalization, which are the focus of its annual meetings.
Taking into consideration the challenges facing the world economy and regional cooperation, we set the theme of this year's annual meeting as Shared Future, Concerted Action, Common Development. As an open and inclusive platform for discussion on promoting regional and world economic growth, the forum will build consensus on globalization,free trade, multilateralism and global governance, and offer fresh ideas on innovation and structural reform.
我们发现，我们用了太多时间去构建所谓的公司文化，却没把主要精力放在拓展业务和渠道上。每个月公司账面都是不小的赤字，自然没法给员工涨工资。
This year's BFA will feature dozens of sub-forums, which will shed light on the trend of Asian and global economies from different perspectives. In addition, the BFA will release relevant research reports and host thematic activities in collaboration with its partners.
This year's annual meeting is the first after a new board of directors took office last spring. What will be new at the forum?
In addition to continuing in-depth discussions on key areas it has focused on over the years, such as economy, finance and trade, this year's forum will also cover topics such as innovation, health, culture,education and media. These issues matter to economic growth and global development.
A synchronized global economic recovery greeted the start of 2018, but it suffered a series of shocks later in the year. Global trade frictions escalated, the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates four times, currencies in many emerging economies depreciated sharply, oil prices plunged and global stock markets tumbled.
In addition to the annual meeting, the BFA is also actively cooperating with some well-known institutions to organize a series of special events. For example, it initiated a Global Health Forum in 2018, which will debut in Qingdao (east China's Shandong Province) this June, with preparations presently underway.
Aging and Health
The themes and topics of the BFA Annual Conference are usually formulated in light of the world and Asian economic situation. How would you evaluate the current situation?
Norman JL等[19]考察了药师在疼痛药物治疗管理工作中的作用，对患者各项临床指标进行了评估。包括：疼痛评分、疼痛控制满意度、不良反应、疼痛情况对日常生活的影响、阿片类药物的日剂量、辅助镇痛药物的剂量变化、神经病理性疼痛的用药情况和控制状况。研究结果显示，药师主导的MTM对于接受3个月以上阿片类药物治疗的患者，可明显改善其疼痛药物使用效果。
合成的针铁矿老化3 d后，对其进行XRD分析。老化的目的是使矿物结晶度更好，晶体结构更稳定。合成针铁矿衍射图谱中针铁矿的特征峰明显，衍射峰强度较高，与α-FeOOH图谱基本一致。针铁矿的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析的图像如图3所示，由图可知针铁矿沉淀物的晶体形状和粒度合成的针铁矿具有良好的结晶度和纯度。
Since the outbreak of the global financial crisis a decade ago, countries have worked together to help the global economy out of the crisis. Global economic growth returned to pre-crisis levels in 2017.
Some of these topics are interdisciplinary. For example, BFA Chairman Ban Ki-moon proposed a sub-forum titled A Sustainable Future for Rural Asia and Cities, which will look at rural vitalization and smart-city construction from a future perspective.The sub-forum will cover areas like urban planning and governance, the application of new technologies in the digital age,the development of creative industries and the preservation of cities' cultural characteristics.
当电感L和电池的等效电阻r不可忽略时，只需将上式中sL项相应变化，再对其进行求解，即推导出非理想情况下Boost电路的开环输出阻抗Zoo（s）：
为了确诊，通常采用一些辅助检查手段，如穿刺，穿刺液为清亮透明的粘稠液体。常规涂片粘液蛋白呈轻度嗜酸性。病理检查时，在显微镜下可见囊肿大多无上皮衬里，初期腔内为多发性小间隙，里面充满粘液蛋白，周围有一层肉芽组织围绕；晚期由于囊腔扩大或融合成一个腔隙，腔内见有大量泡沫细胞，囊壁的肉芽组织逐渐被纤维组织所代替。
A very important reason giving rise to these phenomena is that in the decade after the outbreak of the global financial crisis, many countries neither carried out enough structural reforms nor properly solved the problems of weak endogenous economic power and social polarization. As a result, economic globalization became the scapegoat, while global populism,unilateralism and trade protectionism are on the rise, posing challenges to existing international economic, trade and financial systems.
China's Regional Development in the Era of Metropolitan Areas
Shared Future, Concerted Action,Common Development
①Urban G．L．，T．Carter，S．Gaskin，Z．Mucha，“Market Share Rewards to Pioneering Brands:An Empirical Analysis and Strategic Implications”，Management Science，1986，32(6)，pp．645～659．
What has caused increased instability and uncertainty in world economic development?
Structural problems in various countries,coupled with the escalation of global trade frictions, tightening financial conditions and increasing fluctuations in exchange rates and asset prices in 2018, have led to a deterioration of the external development environment for countries and increased instability and uncertainty in world economic development.
The escalation of trade frictions has become a major disturbance for the sustainable growth of the global economy.Since 2018, the U.S. has imposed tariffs on a variety of imports, triggering countermeasures by trading partners and resulting in a tense global trade situation.In the third quarter of 2018, the growth rate of new export orders slowed down significantly, with the Global Trade Outlook Indicator dropping to 100.3, approaching a tipping point between boom and bust.Increased trade tensions can directly deflate business and market confidence as well as weaken investment and trade.Increased trade barriers can also increase commodity transaction costs, reduce the efficiency of global resource allocation,disrupt global supply chains and hinder the dissemination of new technologies, thereby reducing productivity. In the long run, trade tensions could cloud the medium-term growth prospects of the global economy.
早期社会将亲职视为自然天成的结果，是个体必然经过的人生阶段，认为亲职教育知识可以无师自通，这种观念相当难以改变。部分父母，持有凡事都要清楚且可掌握的想法，把孩子的事情揽在自己身上，将孩子的发展与自己的生活紧紧相连。这使得生长在这些家庭的子女，没有发展独立生活能力的环境，长大后就可能面临严重的适应困扰，所以“快捷父母”极可能造就“无能子女”，对亲子双方来说，都是惨痛的代价。
In addition, disruptive technological innovation, while promoting leapfrog economic development, has also created many difficulties for policymakers. Artificial intelligence, block chains, big data,cloud computing and other disruptive technologies have spawned a variety of businesses, rapidly changed people's way of life and work, reconfigured the value system and inspired new products and services. However, disruptive technological innovation can also be used to evade traditional regulation. For example, the vigorous development of financial science and technology has brought about such thorny and wide-ranging problems as the distortion of market supply and demand caused by high-frequency transactions, the use of virtual money for illegal transactions,the leakage of consumer financial data and cyberattacks on important financial infrastructure, which may cause significant risks.
Given unstable and uncertain economic growth prospects, how should globalization be promoted and international economic rules improved?The international community should adhere to multilateralism, work together to promote globalization, improve global trade rules and return the world economy to the track of strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth.
Currently, it is urgent to reform the World Trade Organization (WTO) and safeguard the multilateral trading system.WTO reform cannot be accomplished by one country or one party alone; multilateral discussions and consensus are needed to promote it. WTO members need to deepen mutual understanding and cooperation,jointly safeguard free trade, actively explore ways to improve trade negotiation frameworks and establish a new global trade order as soon as possible.
At the same time, the international community should continue to reform the international monetary system and build a global financial safety net. As the core institution of this safety net, the IMF needs to ensure sufficient liquidity, while also improving the flexibility and pertinence of loan conditions. Asia, Europe, Latin America and BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India,China and South Africa) are also constantly improving arrangements for providing financial assistance at the regional level. Since 2008, more than 70 swap agreements have been signed between more than 50 central banks around the world, stabilizing market confidence.
In addition, more equitable globalization should be promoted by strengthening infrastructure interconnection. According to World Bank estimates, about 60 percent of the world's economic output comes from coastal areas lying within 100 km from the coastline. Some countries, especially landlocked countries, are marginalized in the process of economic globalization,which in turn hinders economic globalization. Meanwhile, some experts estimate that the mode of economic globalization characterized by tariff concessions can promote world economic growth by up to 5 percent, while the new type of economic globalization driven by interconnectivity can promote world economic growth by 10-15 percent. It is for this reason that President Xi Jinping proposed the Belt and Road Initiative to promote a new type of globalization. The initiative has been recognized and supported by more than 100 governments and international organizations and has the broad participation of the private sector across the world.
Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2019
March 26-29,Boao, Hainan Province, China
Nevertheless, despite these changes, in the past year the Asian economy showed strong resilience and realized overall good performance. Asia was still the fastest growing region in the world economy,contributing more than 60 percent to world economic growth. The IMF estimated that Asia grew at 5.6 percent in 2018 and would grow at 5.4 percent in 2019. Despite downturn pressure from external risks, high savings and investment rates, balanced current accounts, sustained investment in human capital and technological innovation, and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) under negotiation will become important forces driving sustainable development in Asia in the future.
Major Topics
How Can Cross-Border E-Commerce Overcome the New Challenges of Globalization?
Data: an Untapped Bonanza
The Era of “AI+”
Deep Blue: the Familiar Unknown
随着科技的发展，核电厂主控室人机界面实现了全面的数字化，使操作更快速、准确、方便,提高了工作效率、系统可用性和可靠性，产生了巨大的安全效益和经济效益。由于操作界面巨大的信息量，增加了操作员的认知负荷，极易造成系统故障，甚至重大事故。据统计，目前所有人-机系统失效事件中70%～90%直接或间接源于人的因素，而人机界面设计的不合理则是导致人因事故发生的关键因素之一。
The tightening of global financial conditions is a significant external factor affecting the steady growth of emerging market economies. After the global financial crisis, major countries implemented a long-term quantitative easing monetary policy, and as a result, low-cost capital flowed into emerging market economies on a large scale. In 2018, as the U.S.Federal Reserve hiked interest rates more frequently, as the U.S. dollar strengthened and as the European Central Bank sent signals to stop quantitative easing, global financial conditions gradually tightened,exposing emerging market economies to increased financing difficulties and financial market shocks. In addition, trade frictions and geopolitical risks have created fluctuations in commodity prices. Exchange rates of emerging market economies such as Argentina, Turkey and South Africa fluctuated dramatically, greatly affecting the stable development of the domestic economy. Financial markets in some Asian economies with better domestic economic fundamentals have also been affected by spillover effects.
Emerging Economies: Resolving the Dilemma With New Wisdom
Belt & Road: Building “Road” for Globalization
Opening up the Service Sector
The Financial Sector “Breaking Through”Energy Sector in Transition
The BFA has maintained good cooperation with the media and will soon launch some online and offline projects to promote media exchanges and training in Asia. In the fields of education, science and technology, and culture, the BFA has introduced, and will continue to introduce specific programs to promote dialogue and cooperation in related fields.
Building Resilience Into the Manufacturing Sector
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)toned down the expected global economic growth rate for 2019 and 2020 to 3.5 and 3.6 percent. Thus, the international community needs to make great efforts to remedy and improve the situation.
Automobiles by the Year 2050
Rethinking and Reforming Global Governance
5G: Bringing Things to Life With the IoT Opportunities and Challenges Facing
FinTech
A Sustainable Future for Rural Asia and Cities
在人民日报印刷厂，几乎任何一项工作都有制度规范可循，小到会议制度，大到决策审批，每一个岗位每一位员工，都有清晰的制度来规范。
How Much Can We Borrow?
(Compiled by Beijing Review;designed by Pamela Tobey)
What role does Asia play in promoting globalization and improving international economic rules?
山东抗日根据地，是抗日战争爆发以后由中国共产党领导建立的一个重要的敌后抗日战略基地。山东抗日根据地的建立和发展，每一步历程都是同党的民众动员工作紧密相联的，文化动员是其中不可或缺的重要组成部分。山东党组织在艰苦卓绝的斗争环境中，毅然担负起“国民精神总动员”的重任，借助文化的力量去教育群众、动员群众、组织群众，从而使他们自觉地投身于抗日战争中。在根据地广大民众的积极配合下，党的民众动员工作收到了很好的效果，成为抗战取得胜利的关键因素。
Faced with the rise of anti-globalization sentiment and trade protectionism, Asian leaders have jointly voiced their firm support for economic globalization and trade and investment facilitation through various platforms, and have actively promoted regional integration. In May 2018, the leaders of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea met and reiterated that they should jointly safeguard free trade and promote regional economic integration. The Qingdao Declaration of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit in June pointed out that economic globalization and regional integration are the general current trend,so all parties should safeguard the authority and effectiveness of WTO rules,consolidate an open, inclusive, transparent,non-discriminatory and rule-based multilateral trading system, and oppose any form of trade protectionism. In mid-November,the East Asian leaders' meetings proposed trade facilitation in East Asia should be further strengthened, e-commerce and the digital economy should be promoted, and RCEP negotiations, covering nearly half of the world's population and nearly one third of its trade volume, should be completed as soon as possible.
The venue for the Boao Forum for Asia in the resort town of Boao, south China's Hainan Province
As supporters of the multilateral free trade system, many share common views on improving trade liberalization and investment facilitation, resisting protectionism and unilateralism, and addressing climate change. At a time when global economic growth is facing bottlenecks and trade rules are being challenged,Asian countries hope to work with countries in other parts of the world to set up a bridge for restructuring the international trade and economic order, formulate and maintain new rules, and contribute to the sustainable growth of the world economy.
通过对心内科选取的100例老年患者作为研究对象，并且从治病原因、临床危险因素和发生时间三方面入手，造成心内科老年患者在治疗期间心源性猝死原因以及三个方面造成猝死患者所占的比例。
Currently, there are many high-level exchange platforms such as the World Economic Forum and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Economic Leaders' Meeting. Moreover, China has initiated events including the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation and the World Internet Conference. What are the unique features of the BFA compared to other platforms? How can its competitiveness and attractiveness be maintained?
春种夏长，秋收冬藏。腊味，就是蕴藏时间的味道。经过腌渍以后，肉类中的水分逐渐挥散，随着时间流逝，盐和油脂的味道也愈加丰盈。
Some of these platforms are intergovernmental international conferences and some are nongovernmental forums. Every one of them has its own characteristics and plays a very good role. The annual meeting of the BFA covers various aspects of Asia, emerging markets and the world economy. Its participants include state leaders, government ministers, executives of the world's top 500 enterprises and other business leaders, as well as opinion leaders. It is a top-notch “feast of ideas” in terms of the popularity, depth and breadth of its topics for its participants.
The BFA is willing to strengthen exchanges with other platforms. For example, it has exchanged observers with the World Economic Forum and is willing to carry out more win-win cooperation with other forums.
Copyedited by Rebeca Toledo
Comments to yanwei@bjreview.com
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