DEVELOPMENT SYMPHONY
Cities in Yangtze delta coordinate their growth strategies to gain international competitiveness By Zhang Shasha
Few people know better than Cao Yi how to live life in the fast lane and literally get the most out of it. In her mid-30s, Cao works in Shanghai but has chosen to live in Suzhou, nearly 110 km away, where the cost of living is much cheaper. Spanning two cities daily has become viable thanks to the high-speed railway system, China’s new shuttle bus for commuters who rush to work every day in a different city.
China’s earlier trains ran at about 60 km per hour, before the high-speed dragons entered, whipping up the speed to some 350 km per hour. They have connected cities, laying a solid foundation for the emergence of clusters, mini galaxies of cities with different levels of development hurtling toward balanced growth by sharing resources and experiences.
Rise of a megalopolis
The concept of pursuing integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and adding more power to the economy originated in the 1990s.
由于传统的船舶领域模型受到数据来源的限制，可能导致领域统计所需数据不足的问题。随着船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)设备的普及，海量的AIS数据为水上交通安全研究提供了丰富的信息。人、船、环境对船舶行为的影响都在AIS数据上有一定的反映，因此,通过AIS数据建立船舶领域模型更加准确和真实。同时，上述利用AIS数据建立的船舶领域模型大多基于网格密度统计的方法获取船舶领域，这就造成在网格内存在重复统计和不够精确等问题。基于此，本文利用AIS数据提出一种针对船舶间相对运动，计算目标船到他船相对运动轨迹最近距离的船舶领域统计方法模型。
The Yangtze is the longest river in China, fiowing all the way from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the west to the East China Sea. The YRD cluster, whose development plan was flrst unveiled in 2016, initially consisted of Shanghai, China’s flnancial center, as well as cities in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, which have strong manufacturing bases.
The integration drive received a boost when President Xi Jinping announced at the First China International Import Expo in Shanghai in 2018 that the integration of the YRD region would become a new national strategy and that the delta would develop in tandem with key visions like the Belt and Road Initiative.
侧院十分狭窄，为一下沉式台地空间，因此以铺装为主，紧靠建筑一侧布置低矮花灌木，靠围墙一侧则贴墙种植竹丛，同时地形设计由建筑墙向侧庭中央倾斜，避免建筑墙基积水.这样侧院既可作为通道，也可作为休息场所观赏景物，实现了侧院的物尽其用.
除了乳酸发酵虾壳及虾头废弃物，回收利用虾头、虾壳中的蛋白质和甲壳素，研究者纷纷利用细菌发酵虾壳、虾头来制备各种蛋白酶。付博等[20]利用纳豆菌来水解虾壳、虾头中的蛋白质，其研究了发酵过程中不同条件下纳豆菌所产蛋白酶的活力；Yen等[21]研究以蟹虾壳粉作为碳源，利用铜绿假单胞菌M-1001进行发酵产生一种抗真菌的蛋白酶；Wang等[22]利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵虾壳产生一种碱性蛋白酶。
“When we talk about a city cluster, we are not talking about its scale or population, but the large economic entity behind it. The YRD city cluster is the most powerful city cluster economy in China,” Zhang Jie, a researcher with the National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, told Beijing Review .
The bloc’s economic advantages also derive from its link to the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, an economic zone comprising nine provinces and two municipalities along the Yangtze with major industries, ports, airports and highways.
以郁症为单位整理出症状、证型、及其相对应的治法、方剂、药物等信息，对相关症状及证候要素数据进行数字化处理，完成对疾病“证型”、“治法”以及“方剂”、“药物”等临床数据的采集和预处理，运用Microsoft Of fi ce 2016建立深度学习技术郁证数据库。
调查中发现，目前大部分被调查种植户属自发式生产，种植品种以传统蔬菜为主，优质品种较少，各菜农凭自己的经验种植，相关部门的调控能力较弱，较难让蔬菜生产朝无公害蔬菜基地化、规范化、产业化方向发展。
It showed its economic clout in the first three quarters of 2019 when its GDP reached 21.1 trillion yuan ($3 trillion), nearly 24 percent of the national GDP though it accounts for only about 4 percent of China’s land area.
In comparison, the GDP of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster, composed of two municipalities and one province in north China, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area encompassing two special administrative regions and nine cities reached 8.51 trillion yuan ($1.21 trillion) and 10.87 trillion yuan ($1.54 trillion), respectively.
Introducing innovations
Liu Yanpeng, a senior engineer with the CAUPD’s Water System Planning Research Institute, told Beijing Review the YRD area faces ecological imbalances, including dramatic changes in the landscape, and air, water and soil pollution.
The culture of the ancient region is being resurrected with the construction of a model area to demonstrate ecologically friendly development. A plan for the 2,300-sq-km area running through Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang was approved by the State Council, China’s cabinet, in November.
Ma Chunlei, head of the Shanghai Municipal Development and Reform Commission and the Yangtze River Delta Regional Cooperation Offlce, explained the demonstration area’s two missions.
In this region, there are many stakeholders and administrative departments. The demonstration area should provide a model for cross-administrative cooperation, showing how different authorities can work together to surmount administrative barriers or differences to promote ecological progress and economic and social development. It should also acquire experience in institutional innovation and project coordination that can be replicated in other areas.
The Lujiazui flnancial district in Shanghai at dawn on June 21, 2018
几天过后，成绩发下来了，其他成绩还行，唯有英文不及格。妈妈若有所悟地说：“这也难怪，孔夫子不懂英文，下次我再去求求上帝保佑就好了”
“It is a pioneering move,” Zhou Feixiang, Deputy Director of the Ecological Environment Institute, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design (CAUPD), told Beijing Review . “It starts small [with 660 sq km], then will apply the innovative achievements to a larger area and finally, lead to region-wide implementation, which will create a new model of environmentally friendly high-quality development.”
Zhou said the YRD area was chosen for the project as its cities are geographically close, have cultural afflnity and close people-to-people links, and share a common historical background. Also, they have a sound economic foundation.
值得说明的是,关于为什么上述斜向垂直环流圈在某一时段能够形成而在另一时段不能形成的原因则还需进一步探索。
1．丰富的网络休闲资源。高校图书馆孕育了多元的网络休闲资源。高校图书馆作为社会公共文化设施，具有先进的网络休闲设备，先进的网络信息导航技术，丰富的信息素养教育经验，提供幽雅的闲适环境。高校图书馆在资源建设中融入大量的有价值、有审美趣味的电子期刊、电子图书、视频、音视休闲资源。网络也聚集了大量优秀免费休闲资源正在通过网络进入人们的视野。网络休闲资源以崭新的方式改变和影响着人们尤其是大学生群体现有的休闲生活。国内外许多大学也意识到网络作为获取休闲知识的重要方式，将其作为重要的教学工具与途径纳入休闲教育整体规划中[8]。
Visitors learn about the G60 Science and Innovation Corridor plan at a technological park in Lingang, Shanghai, on October 13
“The new technologies and innovation achievements in Shanghai are being transferred to Zhejiang, injecting new vitality into the province’s high-quality development,” Nan Cunhui, Chair of the Chint Group, a leading industrial electrical equipment and new energy company based in Zhejiang, told China Daily . “Since the offlcial launch of the corridor last year, nine industrial cooperation demonstration parks have started construction and more than 80 major collaboration projects have been signed.”
Growth factors
In history, Jiangnan , which literally means south of the Yangtze, was an area in south China renowned for its advanced economy, education and culture. Called “the hometown of rice and fish,” it was praised by poets for its natural beauty and rich culture and saw thriving trade in silk and tea, using the Yangtze waterway.
Subsequently, this year, seven new cities in Anhui were added to the cluster, expanding its membership to 41.
It is essential to overcome the administrative, geographical and policy barriers to formulate a common code of conduct for the integration of the YRD, Liu said.
Infrastructure integration is another necessity. Zhang advocated further developing the high-speed railway, pointing out how it is aiding industrial linkages and transfers.
For example, in 2012, secondary industries such as manufacturing accounted for 39 percent of all industries in Shanghai, the central city in the cluster, while tertiary industries accounted for 60 percent. But as a result of coordinated development, many manufacturing companies shifted to neighboring cities, leaving flnance, research and development, and professional services in Shanghai. Secondary industries now account for 29.7 percent of Shanghai’s industries.
The G60 Science and Innovation Corridor, a hi-tech manufacturing zone, was launched last year to maximize entrepreneurship in scientific innovation and distribute the fruits of technological and economic development. Named after an expressway in the area, it connects Shanghai and eight other cities in the delta.
Meanwhile, Shanghai’s tertiary industries like services have grown to 69.9 percent. The high-speed railway has played a big part in this shift.
Zhang said it is a good opportunity to advance the integration of infrastructure, including expressways, subways as well as telecommunications such as 5G. How local governments coordinate and communicate on mapping economic development is also crucial. There has to be coordinated and systematic cooperation for integrated development.
He said market integration is another indispensable part of economic integration though it is often ignored or is hard to achieve due to the varying economic development levels of different cities. For instance, Shanghai has a highly developed open market system and superior talent, but it is not the same in some satellite cities. Therefore, the free and marketoriented flow of elements becomes a key issue in the integration of the YRD.
Students visit a big data demonstration center in Huainan, Anhui Province in east China, on July 9
“Given that global industrial competition is fierce, each city aspires to have sophisticated industries, which leads to homogeneous competition,” Zhang said. But different places have different natural endowments, different incentives for technology innovation and different capacity for attracting high-level elements, and require differentiated development.
Shanghai’s forte is flnance, automobile manufacturing and equipment manufacturing; Hangzhou, cradle and home of tech giant Alibaba, has the Internet, information technology and the digital economy in its genes; and Nanjing is famous for its electronics, petrochemical engineering and steel industry.
Global status
From a global perspective, the YRD city cluster currently lags behind major clusters in the U.S, Japan, northwest Europe and the UK. It has a relatively low per-capita GDP and a lower level of economic development and innovation capacity, according to Zhang.
By 2025, the top 600 cities in the world will contribute 60 percent of global GDP growth and the competition will be among the major clusters as they represent the highest production capacity of a region or a nation, said global consultancy McKinsey & Company.
第三，党的十六大以来，以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央，在继承毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想的过程中，又进行了理论创新，提出了科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会的执政理念。与之相对应，也创新和发展了中国共产党的群众史观理论，提出了“以人为本”的群众利益观，中国共产党群众史观的践行进入到了一个新的发展阶段。
However, Zhang said the YRD city cluster has the latecomer’s advantages, as well as a large population and a solid foundation of industries. To hone its competitive advantages, it should speed up its domestic impetus and innovation-driven development.
He suggested developing an orderly, coordinated and modern industrial chain system for the harmonious growth of industries.
“Whether the YRD city cluster can be on par with major city clusters in the world depends on whether such an industrial system can be developed,” he said. “Moreover, local governments should not fixate on short-term benefits. They should focus on systematic development of the whole region that can bring enormous beneflt to all.”
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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