Say No to Property Speculation
By Lan Xinzhen
China's property speculators are worried as house prices lose their ascendance momentum due to government intervention. It seems impossible to rake in the huge profi ts of the past years by buying low and selling high. Some jittery speculators are no longer thinking about how much profi t they can make, but are intent on selling off the properties still in their hands without losing money. However, even this goal seems elusive.
The phrase “property speculation” appeared only about two decades ago, as a product of the commercialization of urban property in China. It began to create a society eager to make money without having to work hard, and sowed bubbles of risk. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the Chinese Government has been sending the message that houses are shelters, not commodities.
以拼多多为典型的裂变式社交电商主要通过微信小程序获取客户。现在大部分移动网民手机里面不一定有淘宝、天猫、京东等传统电商的APP，但基本会有微信，而且容易受到朋友圈的影响。当拼多多通过微信实施拼团模式时，更是明显出现裂变效应。消费者如果想拿到低价甚至免费的商品，就必须要在朋友圈里发布商品分享信息，这种行为本身是在为商家作免费推广，同时又为自己获利。但如果经常在朋友圈发布商品信息，则容易引起朋友的反感。一开始朋友可能碍于情面会帮忙“砍一下价”，但长期如此则会令人心生厌烦，难以持续发展。这种以社交媒体与电子商务相结合，以信任为核心基础的交易方式，一旦滥用，便不可避免的造成人情的过度消耗。
“Houses are built to be lived in, not for speculation,” President Xi Jinping said at a meeting of the Central Leading Group for Finance and Economic Affairs in 2017, which became the guiding principle for China's real estate market adjustment.
《老人与海》的巨大成功，最主要的原因在于塑造了主人公圣地亚哥这一不朽的艺术形象。在作品中，作者将人物内心世界的描绘省略到最低限度，除了一些必要的，一切可省的都被省略。另外，运用了直白的语言塑造人物形象。老渔夫在经历了海上惊心动魄的生死较量后，对小男孩说的是：“它们把我打败啦，真的，它们打败了我”“是的，的确没有，可是后来鲨鱼打败了我”“这几天我真想念你”。他内心丰富多变的感情变化实际上全部隐藏在这几句简单的话语之中。作品没有繁杂的描述，却深深地震撼了读者的心，读者从这些简单的话语里感受到主人公的内心活动以及作者所要表达的思想感情。
After 1998, the marketization of housing began in earnest. The Asian fi nancial crisis in 1997 offered an accidental chance for the reform of China's housing system. The government sought to cope with the fi nancial crisis by expanding domestic demand and real estate was regarded as a new engine of economic growth. On July 3, 1998, the State Council, China's cabinet, issued a regulation asking organizations to stop allocating accommodation to their employees, marking the start of a new marketization era of the housing system.
In the following two decades or so, the property market continued to balloon, with property investment growing at a two-digit rate. A prospering property sector changed the urban landscape. In 2018, urban residents' per-capita housing space was 39 square meters, more than seven times the area 70 years ago.
Under the planned economy, almost every organization or enterprise ran their own school, hospital and other public utilities and provided free housing to employees. Housing allocation was a major form of having access to houses in cities.
Residents were dependent on government allocation of houses. In 1950, China's house stock in cities stood at just 400 million square meters. With 61.7 million city dwellers, the per-capita home size was only 5.5 square meters.
In 2018, urban residents' per-capita housing space was 39 square meters, more than seven times the area 70 years ago
新技术驱动的新零售，给物流业带来巨大变化，发网始终不断探索物流技术革新。2018年的“双11”，发网建立了驾驶舱指挥平台，包含仓网监控中心和运营数据中心两大板块。发网运用全国数据中心实现对全国各仓的实时监控与调度，同时通过运营数据中心可实时看到订单精益生产及配运的各环节数据。通过数字化、网络化、智能化的手段，让数据中心变得更加简单、高效、可靠。
In June 1980, the government introduced a new housing system under which the government, enterprises and workers each bore one third of the expenses of building apartments. In 1988, the government formally included the reform of the welfare-style housing system in the overall planning of reform and opening up, suggesting that houses as personal consuming goods could be traded as private property. Private real estate developers emerged during this period, while house supplies began to grow.
But while China's population surged, urban accommodations remained almost at the same level. In 1978, the year China began to adopt its reform and opening-up policy, urban per-capita living space was only 3.6 square meters, smaller than in 1950. The major reason was that house construction was mainly financed by the state. Huge financial pressures hampered the pace of house building, leading to a gap between the growing population and the existing house supply.
To have a house to live in is an important part of ordinary Chinese people's dreams. In the Chinese tradition, a decent residence means a good life. In the early days of the PRC, houses in the country were severely damaged after a century of wars, and in the cities, there was an acute shortage of houses.
在日常工作中，分局人员时刻保持高度警惕，始终做到心存敬畏、手握戒尺，办事有原则、起止有分寸，营造了严以律己、风清气正的良好工作氛围。在查办各类案件过程中，未发生一起违法违纪事件。
实验中使用10 g厕纸约1.50 m，与2 000 mL自来水充分混合(根据实际冲厕纸使用水量推测)，在不同时间段(24、48、72 h)测得COD浓度结果如表1.
In retrospect, the major task of the property sector has always been to provide people with enough houses. It was the case under the planned economy system and is the same under the market economy system. While high-income earners can buy houses on the property market by paying high prices, the government is building low-rent and low-cost housing to ensure that families with low income also have a place to live in.
One downside of the property frenzy that China has experienced in the past two decades is that houses are being used as commodities for speculation, giving birth to a new occupation—property speculators. House speculation is permissible in mature real estate markets in developed countries, but not in China. Heated house prices will put the fi nancial system and even the whole economic system at a huge risk. After all, the lesson from the subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S., which triggered the 2008 fi nancial turmoil, is still fresh in people's minds.
Even without infl ating prices, China's property market has huge potential. Every year, millions of students graduate from college, a large number of the rural population heads for the cities and a lot of house owners upgrade to better houses. So there exists a real and tangible demand for houses. Therefore China's property prices must be kept stable. The fact that houses are in essence shelters for people means that Chinese society must say no to property speculators.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
Comments to lanxinzhen@bjreview.com
标签：SAY论文; NO论文; to论文; PROPERTY论文; SPECULATION论文;