Poverty Elimination: Humanity’s Common Goal
Poverty alleviation is a serious challenge facing the world and a major issue to be resolved. The initiative, Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, launched by the United Nations in 2016, sets 17 sustainable development goals, among which the mission of “elimination of all forms of poverty throughout the world” ranks field. At present, 750 million people in the world are still shackled in extreme poverty.
在旅游项目上，旅行社推出的多为菲律宾经典7日游或9日游，旅游项目基本涵盖了城市休闲游、文化观光游、跳岛游以及山地探险游等，游客可以在短时间内感受不同风格类型的旅游项目，但对不同的旅游项目的风险感知仍有较大差异。赴菲游客认为观光游览教堂、公园、古堡的旅游风险更低。跳岛潜水游以及山地探险游的风险较高，主要原因是游客认为这类活动有可能发生涉水事故以及有突发疾病或者动物袭击的风险。
Since the start of reform and opening-up four decades ago, the Chinese government has mobilized various sectors of society to implement poverty alleviation strategies in institutions and mechanisms, and has accumulated rich experience in this regard. It has lifted more than 700 million people out of poverty and promised to eradicate poverty completely by 2020. According to statistics compiled by the World Bank, the incidence of poverty in China dropped from 88.3 percent at the end of 1981 to 1.85 percent at the end of 2013, contributing more than 70 percent to global poverty reduction, which renders China the country with the largest population lifted out of poverty in the world.
Meanwhile, China energetically conducts international poverty alleviation cooperation,contributing its strength to world poverty reduction. Over the past 60 years, China has provided nearly RMB 400 billion in aid to 166 countries and international organizations, dispatched more than 600,000 aid workers, declared unconditional debt waiver for government interest-free loans to heavily indebted poor countries and the least developed countries seven times, and provided assistance to more than 120 developing countries in their efforts to realize the Millennium Development Goals.
热情、积极、投入、惰性、懒惰、厌恶是课堂上学生态度最为普遍的反映，这些现象反映了什么，如何看待和认识这些现象，把握教学措施达成有效教学，是优化课堂必经之路。做为学生的一种外在表现它投射出学生学习过程中各种心理的变化。这些心理表象，既反映出学生对教师本人，教学内容和方法的认同水平，更反映出学生自身的能动力——“主动性”。学生“主动性”的高低能够从一个侧面反映教学设计的合理与否，更能反映教师的课堂行为能力的高低。教师只有经常想尽办法，耗去时间和精力唤起热情、积极、投入，消除惰性、懒惰、厌恶，才能让课堂向着正确方向有效地进行下去。
Understanding the Achievements of Poverty Alleviation and Development in the Past 40 Years
Improvement in housing quality
The incidence of poverty in rural areas decreased by 94.4 percentage points,with the average annual decline of 2.4 percentage points.
The average annual population extricated from poverty is close to 19 million.
Poverty status in rural regions measured by the current rural poverty standards
From 2013 to 2017 68.53 million people have shaken off poverty in rural areas
The poverty reduction extent approached 70%.
Since the reform and opening-up,the population in straitened circumstances in China’s rural areas has decreased by 740 million people.
Recent figures put it at 1.8 times as much as in 2012, with an average annual growth of 12.4%in five years.
The average annual population lifted out of poverty reached 13.7 million.
老式B-29、B-59型轰炸机夜以继日地将多达百万吨的炸弹扔在北越的公路上，第二天早晨你就会发现越南人又在上面通过了……尽管美国拥有绝对的制空权和制海权，但实际上从未有效切断过越南的全部交通线，航空兵皮特·希拉里把轰炸效果描述为“将垃圾从路北边挪到了路南边。第二天，我们再把这点垃圾从路南边挪到路北边”。
The incidence of poverty dropped from 10.2% at the end of 2012 to 3.1%at the end of 2017.
在公路工程管理工作中进行目标层次的划分十分关键，唯有明晰不同的目标层次才能布置好应对方案，让整个工程目标管理工作得以高质量完成。因此，要做到以下几方面工作：第一，制定出合理的总目标，引导所有部门朝正确的方向努力，共同面对施工管理中的问题，同时密切各个部门之间的联系，从而更好地进行部门分工。第二，依据总目标制定合理的分目标，促使各部门各专业充分发挥专业优势，高效率完成各项事务。第三，考虑市场变化。公路工程企业必须实时关注市场变化的动向，积极做出发展应对方案，唯有如此，才能保证企业的可持续发展。
Poverty criteria set at the prices of the respective years (Yuan)
Incidence of poverty (%)
Impoverished population scale (10,000)
The income of rural residents in poverty stricken areas has maintained a relatively rapid growth, as the gap with the national average level of rural areas has narrowed.
The average annual real growth rate was 10.4%,2.5 percentage points faster than the national average rural growth rate.
In 2017, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas was 9,377 yuan.
The actual level is 1.6 times that of 2012, after deducting the price factor.
In 17 provinces,the incidence of poverty has dropped below 3%.
1.2.1 调查工具 采用问卷调查法。笔者在查阅相关文献的基础上自行设计调查问卷，并由我院护理专家教授审修。学生一般情况包括年龄、性别，是否自愿选择护理专业，以前是否学习过礼仪相关知识和进行过相关培训。教学效果满意度评价表包括3个条目：教学方法、师生互动、学习效果。每个条目分别从满意、一般、不满意3个等次进行评价，学生如实选择。最后设计了开放式问题，征询学生对护理礼仪与人际沟通教学的建议。
The living conditions of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas have consistently improved.
液体培养的菌株按1%的接种量接种到pH 2.0(HCl调节)的酸性MRS培养基中，30 ℃培养24 h，利用稀释涂布法计数，计算菌株成活率，判断菌株的耐酸性。
According to the current standards, the poverty-stricken population in China’s rural areas has been enormously reduced.
The average housing area of rural residents in poverty-stricken regions increased by 21.4 square meters in 2017 compared with that in 2012.
Drinking water safety
In 2017, the proportion of rural households without difficulty in drinking water in poor areas was 89.2%, which was 8.2 percentage points higher than that in 2013.
使用美国BECKMAN COULTERAU 5800全自动生化分析仪检测胱抑素C和同型半胱氨酸，方法为免疫比浊法，胱抑素C检测试剂为BECKMAN COULTER公司提供，同型半胱氨酸检测试剂由杭州中翰盛泰医疗器械有限公司提供；糖化血红蛋白使用日本ARKRAY公司HA-8180检测，采用高效液相色谱法，试剂为配套试剂；尿微量白蛋白使用SIEMENS公司BNⅡ检测，采用免疫比浊法，试剂为配套试剂。
Dwelling condition
In 2017, the proportion of rural households using private toilets in poverty-stricken regions was 94.5%, which was 3.5 percentage points higher than in 2012.
The construction of rural infrastructure in poor regions has been significantly strengthened, and the level of basic public services has been markedly boosted.
Infrastructure conditions in poverty-stricken areas from 2013 to 2017
Rural medical and sanitary conditions in poverty-stricken areas from 2013 to 2017
标签：POVERTY论文; COMMON论文; GOAL论文; SUSTAINABLE论文; DEVELOPMENT论文; National Bureau of Statistics论文;