(万源市城南初级中学 万源636350)
【内容提要】:1.时态教学的重要性。2.复习现在进行时态。3.如何教、学过去进行时态。4.突出重点,把握难点。5.教师是导演,学生是演员。
随着英语知识的运用越来越广泛,英语基础知识的教与学倍显重要,而时态是处理英语教、学、教研、英语论文加工等英语应用方面的主要环节,英语应用的重点之一是英语句子的表达。构成英语句子的核心是其谓语,而谓语的关键是其所用的时态,所以在英语教学过程中,必须对谓语动词的时态加以特殊的关注。英语谓语动词的时态共有16种,但初中人教版要求教学的有9种时态,八年级下册Unit 5出现了过去进行时态,现就过去进行时态的教与学,谈谈个人的点滴看法,仅供参考。
不管哪一种时态的教学,都可以“以旧带新、熟悉——陌生——熟悉、简单——复杂——简单”的过程,使复杂的问题简单化,从而教师易教、学生易学。只有老师导演的角色扮演到位了,才能把学生打造成出色的演员,孩子的英语知识也似滚雪球,越滚越大,而且所学知识也很有连贯性和系统性。
要轻松讲授和掌握过去进行时态,首先找到过去进行时态与现在进行时态的区别与联系;过去进行时态与一般过去时态的区别;时间状语中“when”and “while”的用法。
一、复习现在进行时(以老师提问、学生主动讲述或分组讨论的形式)
现在分词的构成
1.A重读B闭音节C末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应先
双写这个字辅音字母,再-ing。
get--gettingswim--swimming
注:以x和w结尾的除外。
show—showing relaxing
2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing。
come--coming make--making write--writing
注:以发音的元音字母e结尾的动词,直接加- ing。
see--seeingbe--being
3.以字母-ie结尾的动词,变-ie为y,再加ing。
die→dying lie→lying
4.其余的动词直接加ing
study→stuyingplay→playcarry→carrying
5.部分双音节词的现在分词要特别注意:
regret→regrettingbegin→beginningforget→forgetting
现在进行时态的用法
构成: is/am/are + doing
含义:1.表示现在或此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作
We are having an English classat the moment.
2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作
We are studying Grate 8(B)this term.
3.许多动词(如go、come、start、leave move等)可以用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。
Look at the thick black clouds in the sky.A rainstorm is coming soon.
二、导入过去进行时态
Exercises in class:用所给的时间状语改写句子。
1.We are having an English class at the moment.
(this time yesterday)
We were having a Chinese class this time yesterday.
2.We are studying Grate 8(B)this term. (last term )
We were studying Grate 8(A)last term.
通过多次反复地讲、练之后,启发学生独立思考或小组讨论,总结过去进行时的概念和构成,老师再纠正、补充和完善,并以ppt的形式展示在white board上。
1.概念:表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正进行的动作。
2.构成: was/were +动词现在分词
3.用法:
A:表示过去某一时刻正进行的动作,与特定的过去时间状语连用,常见的时间有: at 8 last night, at this time ,at that time, at that moment,then及when引导的时间状语从句等。
e.g. What were you doing at 10 yesterday morning?
I was writing a letter to my father at that moment.
B:表示过去某段时间内正进行的动作。常与last year,last spring短语及while,when引导的时间状语从句连用。e.g. We were building a house last winter.
They were waiting for you yesterday.
C:许多动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来。
e.g.The conductor told us that the train was arriving in the Railway Station in a minute.
D:过去进行时通常与过去的时间状语连用,但若没有时间状语时,则需依据上下文进行逻辑推理,确定谓语动词的时态;只有延续性动词才能用于过去进行时,短暂性动词不可以。
I was beginning to do my homework at about half past nine lastnight.(错句,begin是非延续性动词)
I was doing my homework at about half past nine last night.(正确,do是延续性动词)。
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三、否定句和疑问句(复习现在进行时的否定句、疑问句及其回答后,启发学生独立完成下面的练习)。
把下面的句子变成否定句、一般疑问句并回答,再用所给的词提问。
1.She was doing her homework at eight last night.(when)否:She wasn’t doing her homework at eight last night.
一般疑问:Was she doing her homework at eight last night?回答:Yes,she was.(肯) No,she wasn’t.(否)
特殊疑问:When was she doing her homework?
2.They were reading in the library when the rainstorm came.(where)否:They wasn’t reading in the library when the rainstorm came.
一般疑问:Were they reading in the library when the rainstorm came.回答:Yes, they were. No, he weren’t.
特殊疑问:Where were they reading when the rainstorm came?
巧记过去进行时(参照人教版八年级下册《教材全解》
过去进行最好记,was/were加doing。
特定时间有暗示,过去某刻某时段。
肯定主语位句首,一般问句be提前。
否定句式更简单,be后仅把not添。
四、When和while的区别
e.g:He came in while/when we were talking and laughing loudly.
=We were talking and laughing loudly when he came in.
多展示一些例句并讲解,让同学们自己找出when与while的异同点后,再展示以下内容。
1.while只接段时间,不能接点时间。因此while从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。While引导从句的动作或状态,往往与主句同时发生。e.g:I was waiting for my friends while my mother was watching TV.
2.When引导的时间状语从句可以是一般过去时也可以是过去进行时,当从句中的动词是非延续性动词(短暂性动词)时,只能用一般过去时;当从句中动词是延续性动词时,用过去进行时,因此可以用while代替when.
五、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
e.g:1. He was doing his homework this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他在做家庭作业。(作业不一定做完了)
He did his homework yesterday.昨天他做了家庭作业。(作业做完了)
2.I was writing a letter to my friend last Sunday.上周星期天我在给我朋友写信(信不一定写完)。
I wrote a letter to my friend last Sunday.上周星期天我给我朋友写了信(信写完了)。
让同学们先独立思考再讨论两者的区别:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间内正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作正在进行,而一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或状态,多指动作已经发生。
Exercises in class:
一、根据中文提示写出相应的句子。也可展示一些相应的图片让学生分组角色扮演练习过去进行时。
1.What were you doing when the rainstorm came?(洗澡)——I was taking a shower.
2.What was he doing ?(睡觉)
——He was sleeping.
3.What was she doing ?(做饭)
——She was cooking.
4.What was he doing ?(理发)
——He was cutting hair.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1.Mikewas reading(read)while Billwas listening(listen) to music this time yesterday.
2.Theydidn’t come(not come) here yesterday.
3.The studentswere singing(sing) when the teachercame(come) in.
4.WasBillrunning(run) at that time?
5.Didtheyleave(leave) Shanghai three days ago?
Homework
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1. What ______ (be) you ______ (do) when he arrived?
2. Jim _____________ (sleep) when I came in.
3.They _____________ (watch) TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.
4. Now he __________ (read) and _________(write).
5. Mother __________ (wash) clothes when I ________ (get) home from school yesterday afternoon.
6. Look, my sister _______ (be) there in the barber shop. The barber __________(cut) her hair.
7. ---When _______ you ________ (see) the accident? ---I ______ (see) it fifteen minutes ago.
二、写作练习
2008年5月12汶川地震发生时,你及你的家人、同学、朋友们都在干什么呢?根据你的经历写一篇不少于80词左右的文章,下面的问题可以帮助你。作文开头部分已给出不计入总字数。
1、When and where did it happen?
2、What were you doing ?
3、What were your family、classmates and friends doing?
4、Why was it important for you?
5、Why do you remember it?
An earthquake happened on May 12th,2008. I was....
总之,根据学生此阶段已有的知识经验结构,用熟悉的现在进行时逐步地导入新知识(过去进行时),启发学生善于用现有的知识技能,由浅入深、层层推进,解决新的、未知的问题,达到巩固已学知识、掌握新知识的认知目标,通过在教学过程中师生互动,生生互动积极有意义的讨论,达到培养学生情感、技能的目标。
论文作者:袁碧盛
论文发表刊物:《读写算(新课程论坛)》2016年第06期(上)
论文发表时间:2016/9/6
标签:时态论文; 动词论文; 状语论文; 英语论文; 时间论文; 谓语论文; 延续性论文; 《读写算(新课程论坛)》2016年第06期(上)论文;