初中英语测试改革与题型设计刍议，本文主要内容关键词为：刍议论文,题型论文,初中英语论文,测试论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
初中英语测试和初中英语教材、教法改革一样，要认真贯彻英语教学大纲的精神。有信度、有效度、有区分度的测试，不仅对教材、教学有准确的评估和检测功能，而且对进一步改进教材、教学，测定学生的潜能有积极的反拨作用。从一定意义上讲，测试是教和学的延续与深化。
96年的中考将是我国采用九年义务教育初中新教材后，第一次检测教与学成果的考试，因此，如何统一认识，统一要求，出好试题，是使用新教材的广大师生十分关注的问题。作为英语教师和教育科研工作者，有责任认真学习和认真宣传初中英语测试改革的重要性。特别是下列几点：
1.测试改革与教材、教法改革一样，要以教学大纲精神为依据。
2.测试改革和教材、教法改革是系统工程，一环套一环，每环都有其独特的功能，任何一个环节的放松、脱落，都要影响整体工程的成败。
3.采用新教材后，教法正按照大纲精神，从传统的结构法向新的交际法过渡。教学大纲规定初中英语教学目的是：“使学生获得英语基础知识和为交际初步运用英语的能力。”强调语言知识是为语言能力服务的。强调在训练过程中，不要过多地做语言形式的练习，要使语言形式与语言意义相联系，语言形式与学生的实际相联系，从而使语言技能发展成运用语言进行交际的能力。因此测试必须与这一转变接轨，要使这个转变过渡得平稳、有序、就必须广为宣传，多作交流，取得共识。
4.教材、教法由结构型向交际型过渡、转化，测试设计也要相应跟上。试题框架的设计（诸如知识与功能题量的比例，听力与笔试题分值的分布，基础题与综合题的匹配，主观题与客观题的相关度）都需要根据各省市地区的不同情况进行细致的安排。但首要的是要贯彻大纲精神，从培养目标出发，立足于变。固步自封，裹足不前是不可取的，当然也不能转变过猛、过硬、超脱现状。
基于上述浅识，我看了93年、94年、95年各地中考试题和近期人教社外语室出的样题，觉得如何把这一变化反映在试卷上，成为可操作性检测手段，题型设计是十分重要的。我参阅了各地的中考试题、海外试题、高考试题，认为除了大家公认的阅读理解、完型填空等题型外，下列几种题型也值得称道。为使大家了解方便，先列题型，后作简要说明如下。
1.释义填空
In the Dictionary
Mary found a new expression in her history book."Thesoldiers took the city."She read the followingdefinition（解释）of take in the dictionary:
take[teik]v.1.grasp;hold 2.seize;capture;win 3.bring;carry;guide 4.come to possess;get as one's own;assume 5.occupy6.use 7.select;choose 8.remove 9.do;perform 10.need;require11.breathe in;eat;drink 12.board and ride in a car,plane,ship 13.study 14.order and pay for the regular delivery of anewspaper,magazine 15.photograph
在上面的短文里已写出了take的十五种用法。请指出下列句子中take的各种用法属于短文中哪个词义：
例：The soldiers took the city.Def.No.2(seize;capture;win)
1.Shall we take a walk?Def.No.______
2.He didn't take the time to see us.Def.No.______
3.What courses are you taking?Def.No.______
4.Did the soldiers take the city?Def.No.______
5.He wanted to take her in his arms.Def.No.______
6.Please take this chair.It's nicer.Def.No.______
7.Will you take my picture?Def.No.______
8.She takes the bus every day.Def.No.______
9.We take both newspapers.Def.No.______
10.Who took the book?Def.No.______
11.They take the children to school.Def.No.______
12.Take the one you like best.Def.No.______
13.She is taking a job in the city.Def.No.______
14.He took a drink of water.Def.No.______
15.How much time does it take?Def.No.______
[Key]1.(9)2.(6)3.(13)4.(2)5.(1)6.(5)7.(15)8.(12)9.(14)10 (8)11.(3)12.(7)13.(4)14.(11)15.(10)
说明：此题可作为基础题、知识题、主观题。它对学生自学，用英语进行理解有好处；教学中，亦有利于从结构型向交际型转换。平时教学使用此手段亦颇有益。
2.词语释义
阅读下面的短文，然后根据划线单词或短语的意思，从每小题的(A)、(B)、(C)、(D)四个答案中找出同义词的表达方式，把它前面的字母填入左边的括号内。
I was making a trip(0)from Paris to London.At a smalltown near London,I stopped to do some shop-ping.As I wasmaking my way(1)into a very crowde dmarketplace,I saw a group of young men talking about something they had just bought.Being a student of English,I wanted to take this chance to make my Eng-lish better(2).But I was afraid that they would laugh atme.It took me quite some time to make up my mind(3)to have a try.I came up to them and asked."What are you talking?"At first no one made a reply(4).Then one of them said to me:"We're talking ABOUT a necklace.""Does it cost many?"I asked again."Not MUCH.Only 1000 pounds.""1000 pounds!"It made meastonished(5).Is it made in diamond?"I asked."I'm not sure.They say it is made OF diamond.But that makes littledifference(6).They wanted to make money(7),and my friendswanted to spend money.By the way,I see you're making good progress in(8)your English.At least you can make yourself understood(9)."
I was quite pleased to hear that.But had my Eng-lish beengood enough,I would have given them some friendly advice onhow to make proper use of their money (10)!
(B)0.A.was visiting B.was travelling
C.was having a good timeD.was moving
( )1.A.building a roadB.finding a way
C.going D.stealing
( )2.A.show off my English
B.use English freely
C.improve my English
D.master English
( )3.A.decide B.draw a conclusion
C.agree D.judge
( )4.A.asked B.said
C.answered
D.heard me
( )5.A.astonished me B.made me astonishing
C.was astonished D.terrified me
( )6.A.is just the same
B.is of no difference
C.doesn't matter much
D.isn't important at all
( )7.A.pay B.sell
C.have D.gain
( )8.A.good at
B.getting along well with
C.grasping D.going on with
( )9.A.understand us
B.express yourself freely
C.make us understand you
D.have us understood
( )10.A.use less money
B.spend proper money
C.pay proper money
D.use their money properly
[Key]1.C 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D
3.阅读改写
阅读下面短文。根据横线上的单词或短语在文中的意思，从表中找出同义的词语，抄写在括号中[如第一句中got(0)(was paid)]每个词语只许用一次。对原文意思不得作任何改动。
"When I was your age,"said the old man,"I got(0)(was paid)only $30 a week.Life was much harder then.I had to get up(1)( )at six and get to(2)( )the factory by seven.We workedtenhours a day for six days a week and didn't get(3)( )anyholidays.A lot of fellows had no work at all,so sloworlazyworkers were told to get out(4)( ).At one place I didn't getalong with the boss.I lost my job and it was severalmonthebefore I got(5)( )another one.Then the World War broke out.Of course I joined up.I was lucky and came out of the warwithout get-ting hurt(6)( ).When I got back(7)()home afterthe war,a lot of us went around looking for jobs,but therewere too many of us fellows and not enough jobs.Things got(8)( )worse and worse.I was getting near(9)( )thirty and wantedto get mar-ried,but I didn't have enough money.It wasn'tuntil I was thirty-five that I finally got a wife(10)( )andset up a home."
"So,young fellow,be thankful for what you have now.Youdon't know how lucky you are!"
[Key](1)get up--rise(2)get to--arrive at
(3)get--have
(4)get out--leave
(5)got--found
(6)getting hurt--being wounded
(7)got back--returned
(8)got--became
(9)getting near--almost
(10)got a wife--married
说明：英语中有大量的短语动词(phrasal verb)，它们的搭配关系比较复杂、灵活，掌握这些短语动词，是英语学习中的一个难题。所以，中学阶段引导学生重视以动词为中心的短语的学习，是十分必要的。
通过用同义词填空和改写课文，可以大大提高学生灵活运用语言的能力，这样的题型对教学中如何指导学生灵活地运用词语提供了一个范例。
试题2和3仍是属于考查基础部分的试题，前者采用四选一的客观题，后者为主观题。其明显优点是两道试题都不是简单、孤立地考查单词和语法，而是考查在语境中应用语言的能力。
4.新型阅读理解
先阅读下面A、B对话，了解大意，然后从所给的7个句子中选择5个句子填入空白处。请将所选答案编号填入数字之后。
A:Good afternoon!Can I help you?
B:I'd like to buy one kilogram knitting-wool（毛线）.1_____
A:All right.We have many kinds of colors.2_____
B:Could you give me an opinion on my color?
A:3______
B:Yes,but I had got a pink sweater.
A:4______It goes well with your skirt,too.
B:White is elegant（雅致的、文雅的）and clean.I like thecolor.5______
A:You're welcome.
a.By the way,is it colorfast（不退色的）?
b.I think light color goes well with your skirt,do youlike pink?
c.Thanks for your help.
d.I wonder if you could help with the color.
e.What about white color?
f.Yes,it is.
g.Which color do you prefer,dark or light?
[Key]1.d 2.g 3.b 4.e 5.c
说明：这种题型既可考查学生语言知识水平，又可检查学生口语能力。对话内容应是英语教学大纲中所规定的日常生活交际表达项目，如：问候、介绍、告别、感谢、约会、请求、喜恶、购物、问路、赴宴、看病、提议、打电话等。要做好这种题型，学生首先要充当实际语言交际者的角色，要了解情景内容和交际语言使用的场合，选择适当的语言进行交际，因此要对所提供的语言材料充分理解、掌握，对会话双方的身份、位置、职务、年龄、性别、意图及交际活动的时间、地点、场景要有准确的了解。然后再从选项中找出贴切场合情景、人物身份、主题意图的句式，填入所缺的空中。最后要完全进入双方的角色，检查对话是否连接得天衣无缝，语言流畅，内容完整。
5.补全对话
(A)
Hiring a Taxi
出租车司机与乘客交谈。司机问行车地点，乘客要到长城参观，司机问是单程去还是往返，是否要等很长时间。根据情景，请把所缺的对话补全。
Driver:(1)?
Passenger:I want to go to the Great Wall.
Driver:Single trip or round trip?（单程还是双程）
Passenger:Round trip.
Driver:(2)?
Passenger:Yes.I want you to wait for two hours.
Driver:(3).
Passenger:Time is rather late.Please drive faster.
Driver:Please be at ease.I'm sure(4).
[Key]1.Where do you want to go
2.Shall I wait for you
3.All right
4.we will arrive there on time
(B)
根据内容和上下文，将下列句子与方框中的句子进行配对。请将选项写在题前的括号内：
( )1.Happy New Year!
( )2.Hello,Tom!How are you today?
( )3.What's the time,please?
( )4.Thank you very much.
( )5.What would you like to drink?
( )6.How much do you spend on food each month?
( )7.How can I get to the People's Park,please?
( )8.Hello!May I speak to Mr Smith,please?
[Key]1.H 2.F 3.G 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.E
说明：对话是一种普通的语言交际形式，它需要一定的语言场景，要求说话者具备一定的语言知识和听说读写的交际能力。
补全对话是一种自由应答题，重点考查学生综合运用语言的能力。补全对话是向学生提供一段不完整的对话，要求学生根据试题说明中交代的背景和情节，把缺少的部分补写出来。这种题型的特点是以“写”的方式来考查“说”的能力。
6.看图写话
看图叙述填词：
A:Excuse me.I'm t(1)you.Just now w(2)I wasreadingsomething,I lost my u(3).Have you f(4)out?
B:What c(5)is it?
A:It's r(6).
B:Is it this one?
A:No.It isn't m(7).It has a long handle.
B:It isn't y(8).B(9)look at that one,please.
A:Oh,yes,Okey!T(10)you very much.
[Key](1)troubling
(2)while(3)umbrella
(4)found
(5)color(6)red
(7)mine(8)yours(9)But
(10)Thank
(B)
看图完成句子：
A:(1)I'm troubling you.Just now while I was readingsomething,I lost my umbrella.Have you found out?
B:(2)
A:It's red.
B:(3)
A:No.It isn't mine.My umbrella has a long han-dle.
B:It isn't yours.(4)
A:Oh,yes,Okey!(5)
B:Not at all.
[Key](1)Excuse me (2)What color is it?
(3)Is it this one?
(4)But look at that one,please.
(5)Thank you very much.
说明：看图写话（如A）是属于主观题，旨在检查单词。它本来很枯燥，但加上插图、语境，便能提高初中学生的学习兴趣。还可将以上内容变成补全对话题型（如B）。