(乐山市人民医院骨1科 四川 乐山 614000)
【摘要】目的:对比研究跗骨窦切口及“L”形切口行SanderIII型跟骨骨折手术治疗的切口愈合与功能恢复。方法:回顾性研究2010年10月—2016年10月本院收治SanderIII型的跟骨骨折病患56例(男33例,女23例)。平均年龄36岁(19~54岁)。跗骨窦切口组(A组)25例,“L”型切口组(B组)31例。对比研究手术时间、伤口愈合情况,随访踝关节功能恢复情况(参照美国骨科足与踝关节协会的足踝临床后足评分系统(AOFAS))。结果:两组患者手术时间、AOFAS评分值对比差异无统计学意义(t1=1.373,t2=1.079,P>0.05),但A组病患伤口并发症较B组发生率低,中度、重度伤口并发症患者较B组少(k=8.271,P<0.05),结论:SandersIII型跟骨骨折采用跗骨窦切口在伤口愈合方面优于传统切口,而手术时间及术后功能恢复两组无明显差异。
【关键词】Sanders Ⅲ型跟骨骨折;跗骨窦切口;切口愈合
【中图分类号】R687.3 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-1752(2018)22-0125-02
Treatment of SanderIII calcaneal fracture with tarsal sinus incision,Deng Xiaowen.
Department of Orthopedics 1,People’s Hosipital of Leshan, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
【Abstract】Objective To compare the healing and functional recovery of sander III calcaneal fractures with tarsal sinus incision and traditional L - shaped incision. Method From October 2010 to October 2016, 56 cases of sander iii calcaneal fracture were studied retrospectively, including 33 male patients and 23 female patients. The average age was 36 years ( 19 ~ 54 years ). 25 cases were treated with tarsal sinus incision ( group A) and 31 cases were treated with " L" incision ( group B). The operation time and wound heal were compared. Ankle functional recovery was followed up ( refer to the American orthopaedic foot and ankle association ankle clinical hindfoot scoring system ( AOFAS) ). ) Result There was no significant difference in operation time and aosas score between the two groups (t1 =1.373, t2 =1.079, P >0.05 ). However, the incidence of wound complications in group a was lower than that in group b, and the incidence of moderate and severe wound complications was lower than that in group b (k=8.271, P< 0.05 ). Conclusion Sanders III calcaneal fractures were treated with tarsal sinus incision, which was superior to traditional incision in wound healing. There was no significant difference in operation time and postoperative functional recovery between the two groups.
【Key words】Sanders ;Calcaneal fracture;Tarsal sinus incision;Incision healing
软组织并发症是跟骨骨折手术治疗中的常见问题,据报道传统跟骨外侧切口(“L”型切口)伤口并发症发生率可达5%~27%[1]。1948年Palmer首次报道跗骨窦切口,经数十年使用、研究发现该切口可有效减少切口并发症发生率[2],但因其暴露不足,影响复位、内固定安置,限制了其在SandersIII型跟骨骨折的使用。我科至2010年以来使用跗骨窦切口治疗SandersIII型跟骨骨折,取得较好疗效。本文对SandersIII型跟骨骨折分别采用跗骨窦切口与“L”型切口进行手术,对比研究两组病人术后功能恢复与伤口愈合情况,分析探讨跗骨窦切口适用范围及主要要点。
1.资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
回顾性研究本院于2010年10月—2016年6月间收治SanderIII型的跟骨骨折病患56例(男33例,女23例)。平均年龄36岁(19~54岁)。跗骨窦切口组(A组)25例,“L”型切口组(B组)31例。
1.2 手术方法
A组(跗骨窦切口):切口位于足跟部外侧皮肤与足跟垫交界处,沿切口进入,充分暴露骨折断端,复位骨折断端,临时固定,C臂确认,安置解剖型2.7mm跟骨外侧钢板,按“三角固定”原则(即前突、距下关节、后突后缘)固定,注意距下关节螺钉须置入载距突内。
B组(“L”型切口):采用标准AO跟骨外侧壁切口,全层切到跟骨,骨膜处剥离,掀起全厚皮瓣,并在骰骨、距骨、腓骨处置入克氏针,避免皮瓣回缩,暴露骨折断端,余同上。
1.3 统计学分析
采用SPSS11软件进行统计学分析。采用t检验、卡方检验对比两组差异,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2.结果
2.1 伤口并发症分析
如表1所示两组伤口并发症发生率,A组较B组发生率低,中度、重度伤口并发症患者较B组少,经卡方检验k=8.271,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,可以认为SandersIII型跟骨骨折采用跗骨窦切口在伤口愈合方面优于传统切口。
3.讨论
SanderIII型的跟骨骨折,均建议采用手术治疗[3]。“L型”切口,显露充分,更好支持骨折复位、内固定安置,为大多数学者所推崇[4],但有研究表明“L型”切口部位皮肤软组织血循环较差,易出现伤口并发症[5]。我们设计研究,分析跗骨窦切口和L形切口两组病人术后伤口愈合情况,经研究表明在手术时间及术后功能恢复并无明显差异情况下,跗骨窦切口病患伤口并发症较“L”型切口发生率低,中度、重度伤口并发症患者较“L”型切口少。
横斜形切口、纵形切口均是对跗骨窦切口的改良[6],可一定程度上减少其暴露不足问题,扩大其对SandersⅢ型跟骨骨折的适用范围。横斜形切口以外踝下2cm为中点,在与后关节面平行的方向上前后延长切口,暴露骨折断端,切断跟腓韧带即可显露距下关节。牵引情况下跟骨后关节面显露较跗骨窦切口好,预后满意[7]。纵形切口起于外踝尖与跟腱连线中点,向下垂直延伸,在合并有跟骨结节、跟骨后突骨折,跗骨窦切口无法有效显露时,可考虑联合此切口。临床应用中获得了较好疗效,随访Maryland评分优良率达86%[8]。
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[8] Femino JE,Vaseenon T,Levin DA, et al.Modification of the sinus tarsi approach for open reduction and plate fxation ofntra-articular calcaneus fractures: the limits of proximal extension based upon the vascular anatomy of the lateral calcaneal artery. Iowa Orthop J,2010,30:161-167.
论文作者:邓小文
论文发表刊物:《医药前沿》2018年8月第22期
论文发表时间:2018/8/27
标签:切口论文; 并发症论文; 发生率论文; 伤口论文; 统计学论文; 两组论文; 病患论文; 《医药前沿》2018年8月第22期论文;