【关键词】彩超;急性输尿管结石;肾周积液
[abstract] Objective: To study the value of color Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of acute ureteral calculi with perirenal effusion. Methods: 39 patients with acute ureteral calculi and perinephric effusion were selected as the research objects. The ultrasonographic features of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In 268 cases of acute ureteral calculi, 39 cases (14.5%) were found to have perirenal effusion by color Doppler ultrasonography. There were 13 cases of mild hydronephrosis, 22 cases of moderate hydronephrosis and 4 cases of severe hydronephrosis. The degree of renal colic was severe. Sonography showed that there was no echo area around the kidney, which was crescent shaped, and most of them were below. The thickness of effusion was 3.1-12.2mm. Ureteral calculi were located in the upper segment in 23 cases, in the lower segment in 5 cases and in the middle segment in 4 cases. The remaining 7 cases were diagnosed by pyelography or X-ray plain film because of intestinal or obesity disturbance. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasonography can diagnose acute ureteral calculi with perirenal effusion timely and accurately, and can dynamically reflect the changes of the condition. It is an important means of clinical diagnosis and treatment observation, and it is worth popularizing and applying.
[Key words] Color Doppler ultrasound; Acute ureteral calculi; Perinephric effusion
急性输尿管结石在临床上较为常见,其是一种常合并输尿管、同侧肾扩张、积水的急腹症,对此类患者及时行彩超检查,不仅有助于发现梗阻情况,还能观察肾周积液情况,是临床诊断急性输尿管结石的常用手段[1]。现对我院收治的39例急性输尿管结石并肾周积液患者的超声图像表现进行回顾性分析,报道如下。
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资料与方法
1一般资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取我院在2015年11月~2017年11月共收治了268例急性输尿管结石患者,所有患者均因突发急性肾绞痛就诊。其中男性215例,女性53例,年龄在21~59岁之间,平均(45.1±10.3)岁,发病时间在20分钟~15小时之间,平均(4.2±1.5)小时。所有患者均有肾绞痛症状,部分患者还有呕吐、恶心症状。
1.2 方法
使用EUB-6500HV型(日立)、5000C及X6型(麦迪逊)彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,频率2.5MHz~5MHz。受检者取侧卧位或仰卧位,使用探头对患者下腹部做多切面、全方位滑动扫查,为获得准确、清晰的图像,还可适时地加压探头。先观察肾周是否有积液、肾积水程度,再顺着输尿管扫查,观察输尿管结石大小、部位,记录好肾积水及肾周积液量,对结石梗阻部位进行标记。在冠状切面下,测量肾积水、肾周积液及无回声区厚度。
2结果
268例急性输尿管结石患者经彩超检查,发现有肾周积液者39例,肾周积液发生率14.5%,其中男32例,女7例。肾周积液者中,轻度肾积水13例、中度肾积水22例、重度肾积水4例,以轻中度肾积水居多,患者的肾绞痛程度严重。超声表现:肾周有无回声区,呈新月状,且以下极居多,积液厚度3.1~12.2mm。39例肾周积液患者中,输尿管结石位于上段者23例,下段5例、中段4例,其余7例因肠道或肥胖干扰未检出结石位置,后经肾盂造影或X线平片确诊。39例肾周积液患者在接受碎石、解痉、抗感染等治疗后,治愈或症状缓解,1周内,超声复查显示肾周无回声区均逐渐消失。
3讨论
急性输尿管结石是泌尿科的常见病、多发病,通常急性输尿管结石合并肾周积液的发病率不高[2]。肾周积液、急性梗阻是泌尿系统对输尿管结石产生的保护性反应,在正常情况下,肾盂内的压力都较低,通常在10mmHg左右,但输尿管在发生急性梗阻后,就会增加肾盂内压力,导致肾盂扩张,从而引发肾积水,若肾盂压力>25mmHg,即大于肾小球滤过压时,就会暂停尿液生成,肾盂中的尿液就会经由不同途径进入肾脏其他处,经包膜进入到肾周间隙,从而形成肾周积液[3]。在发生肾周积液后,会降低肾盂压力及肾小球囊内压,促使肾小球滤过功能快速恢复,开放肾脏的“安全阀”,所以肾周积液在一定程度上还可保护肾脏。
在输尿管发生梗阻后,尿液会通过肾窦、肾盂淋巴、肾小管、肾盂静脉逆流。在输尿管梗阻解除后,肾周积液会自行吸收,通常无需进行特殊处理。对于肾周积液情况严重、积液量较多者,则可能导致肾脏组织缺氧、萎缩,引发临床症状[4]。
本次研究结果显示,在268例急性输尿管结石患者中,有39例有肾周积液,肾周积液发生率14.5%。其超声表现为肾周有无回声区,呈新月状,且以下极居多。39例患者在接受碎石、解痉、抗感染等治疗后,临床症状消失或明显缓解,复查显示肾周积液在1周内消失。
总之,对于急性输尿管结石患者应用彩超检查,能够明确诊断肾周积液情况,其是一种经济、无创、方便的检查手段,同时彩超检查还能动态反映病情变化,为临床治疗、疗效评价提供有效依据,是临床诊断及治疗观察的重要手段,值得推广应用。
参考文献
[1]张亮.急性输尿管结石并肾周积液的彩超价值[J].当代医学,2012,(35):82.
[2] 曹好凤,刘跃华,王召德等.急性输尿管结石导致肾周围积液的彩超表现及发生机制[J].中外医疗,2013,32(11):183-184.
[3]王军秀.彩超诊断急性输尿管结石的体会[J].基层医学论坛,2010,14(35):1098-1099.
论文作者:李丹丹
论文发表刊物:《世界复合医学》2019年8期
论文发表时间:2019/12/11
标签:积液论文; 肾盂论文; 患者论文; 输尿管结石论文; 超声论文; 彩超论文; 输尿管论文; 《世界复合医学》2019年8期论文;