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when引导从句的用法是中学英语的难点。近年来,高考对这项语法出题非常灵活,涉及面广,考生复习起来难度大,出错率极高。现就高考单选试题和一些诊断题进行分析总结,看看其主要用法,注意其考试焦点,提高同学们的解题能力。
一、when引导时间从句,其主从句的谓语时态是考试焦点
1.-When will you come to see me,Dad?
-I will go to see you when you____the training course.(北京2003春)
A.will have finished
B.will finish
C.are finishing
D.finish
【解析】选D。这道题考的是when引导的时间状语从句时态,即用一般现在时表示将来的行为。另外值得指出的是:在when/as soonas/until等引导的时间状语从句和if/unless引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来的行为。但有时为了强调从句的动作将要完成,用现在完成时表示将来完成的行为。例如:
Don't get off the.bus until it has stopped.
We'll go out for a walk when we have had our supper.
2.Tom____into the house when no one____(MET1992)
A.slipped;was looking
B.had slipped;looked
C.slipped;had looked
D.was slipping;looked
【解析】选A。“溜进门”是一时的动作,而且发生在“没人看见”的过程中,所以第一个空用一般过去时,第二个空用过去进行时。
when引导时间状语从句时,释义为“当……的时候”,从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的。例如:
When the teacher went into the classroom,the students were reading the text aloud.
二、when引导从句或分句,与其他连词的区别是考试的焦点
1.Don't be afraid of asking for help____it is needed.(NMET2003)
A.unless
B.so that
C.although
D.when
【解析】选D。unless表示条件,释义为“如果不”,不符合逻辑。so that既可以表示结果,也可以表示目的,但用在此处均不正确。although表示让步,意为“尽管”,不合题意。该句中when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”。
2.He was about to tell me the secret____someone patted him on the shoulder.(上海2002)
A.as
B.until
C.while
D.when
【解析】选D。当when释义为and then或just at that time时,它是介于并列连词和从属连词之间的连词,其引导的分句不能位于与其关联的另一个分句之前。该句意为“他正要告诉我这个秘密,突然有人轻拍他的肩膀。”
3.Why do you want a new job____you've got such a good one already?(NMET 1998)
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.when
【解析】选D。when释义为“既然”,引导原因状语从句。该句意为“你既然已经有如此好的工作,为什么要找新工作呢?”
三、when引导时间从句,其简缩从句是考试焦点
1.When____,the museum will be open to the public next year.(上海2002春)
A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed
【解析】选A。该句可以换成一个时间状语从句:When the museum is completed,it will be open to the public next year.也可以换成一个简单句:Completed,the museum will be open to the public next year.when引导时间状语从句时,若从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且在从句谓语中含有被动语态助动词be时,通常省略从句的主语和be。又如:
2.When____where he was born,Bob said he was a New Yorker.(成都2002第二次诊断性考试)
A.asking
B.being asked
C.was asked
D.asked
【解析】选D。道理同上题。
四、when引导定语从句,when与其他关系词的区别是考试焦点
The film brought the hours back to me____I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET2001)
A.until B.that C.when D.where
【解析】选C。when作关系副词用时,引导定语从句,修饰其先行词the hours。