浅谈主动句的结构及其被动句的生成，本文主要内容关键词为：浅谈论文,主动论文,结构论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
一、主动句的结构类型及其被动句的生成
1.主动句为动词＋宾语结构
People make history.→
History is made by people.
2.主动句为动词＋双宾语结构
I told him the interesting story.→
He was told the interesting story.
3.主动句为动词＋复合宾语结构
①动词＋宾语＋名词
They elected Bush President.
→Bush was elected President.
②动词＋宾语＋形容词
I find riding a bike a bit difficult.→
Riding a bike is found a bit difficult.
③动词＋宾语＋不定式（短语）
They asked us to leave.→
We were asked to leave.
④动词＋宾语＋省略to不定式
The boss made them work the whole night.→
They were made to work the whole night(by the boss).
4.主动句为短语动词＋宾语结构
①动词＋介词＋宾语
He is looking after them well.
They are being well looked after by him.
②动词＋副词＋宾语
We have put off the English evening till Saturday.
The English evening has been put off till Saturday.
③动词＋副词＋介词＋宾语
They looked down upon women.→
Women were looked down upon.
④动词＋介词＋宾语
He at last turned off the light.→
The light was at last turned off.
⑤动词＋名词＋介词＋宾语
My aunt took good care of the baby.→
The baby was taken good care of.
5.主动句为动词＋宾语从句结构
①整个从句变为被动句的主语
People beileve that Tom told a lie.→
It is believed that Tom told a lie.
He decided that we should leave during the night.→
It was decided that we should leave during the night.
②从句的主语变为被动句的主语
We learn that Wang Ping has gone to the company.→
Wang Ping is learned to have gone to the company.
6.主动句为情态动词＋动词结构
We can change water into ice.→
Water can be changed into ice.
二、所述结构类型主动句生成被动句时的注意点
1.双宾语变为被动语态时，大多将间接宾语变为被动句的主语，这种变化比较简单。若将直接宾语变为被动句的主语则需用for或to连接原来的间接宾语。
Mum sent Miss Yang a sweater.→
A sweater was sent to Miss Yang.
My brother drew me a picture.→
Picture was drawn for me by my mother.
2.复合宾语变为被动时，宾语补足语自然留在句子后部成为主语补足语，不用变化句子的其它结构。如果宾语补足语为不带to的不定式时，必须将to补出。
We regarded Professor Wang as a warmhearted man.→
Professor Wang was regarded a warmhearted man.
Mr.Smith made his secretary leave the ofrice.→
Mr.Smith's secretary was made to leave the office.
3.“动词＋介词”“动词＋副词”“动词＋副词＋介词”类型的短语必须看成一个整体，即看成一个动词结构。在变为被动语态时，不能漏掉其中的介词和副词。
He was laughed at for his funny voice.
误:He was laughed for his funny voice.
A short play will be put on at the play.
误：A short play will be put at the play.
4.“动词＋名词＋介词”这一类的短语一般不以其中的名词作为被动句的主语。但要看情况具体掌握。
We must take care of the old people in the village.→
The old people in the village must be taken care of.
误：Care must be taken of the old in the village.
5.不需要指出动作的执行者或难以说明动作的执行者时，by可以省略。
About the project,much has been said but little has been done.
Paper was first made in China,as everyone knows.
This novel was well known to all the young people in the country.