动词时态和语态题命题特点及解题技巧，本文主要内容关键词为：语态论文,时态论文,动词论文,命题论文,技巧论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
特别提示：
时态和语态是英语的核心知识，准确地把握题目所创设的语境、正确理解句子含义是解题的关键。另外，命题人往往会把时态、语态和主谓一致结合在一起进行考查，部分题目还涉及动词的用法、搭配及特殊句型，这要求考生在平时的学习中多加留意，细心整理。
下面，我们就给大家提供几道历年的真题。如：
1.It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)______the world leading inventor for sixty years.（2004辽宁卷）
A.would be B.has been C.had been D.Was
解析 D。本题主要是说，在过去的某一时间段他是领头的发明家，故用一般过去时。
2.The father as well as his three children______skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.（2006辽宁卷）
A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going
解析 C。as well as连接复合主语时，谓语动词要与之前的主语保持一致。这里是the father，因此用单数形式；时间状语every Sunday afternoon提示时态要用一般现在时。
3.Although the causes of cancer______，we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.（2006山东卷）
A.are being uncovered B.have been uncovering
C.are uncovering
D.have uncovered
解析 A。本题考查被动语态。四个答案中只有A是被动形式，表示癌的起因被揭开。
4.We are all for your proposal that the discussion______.（2005重庆卷）
A.be put offB.was put off
C.should put offD.is to put off
解析 A。that引导proposal的同位语从句时，从句要使用虚拟句式，谓语动词构成形式是should+do，其中should可以省略。这里的discussion与put off是被动关系，因此用done。
方法小结：考虑句子含义、理清句子结构、考虑动词用法、分清主被动关系，做到这些，时态和语态题都能迎刃而解。
重点 难点 热点
【例1】考查一般现在时
—______leave at the end of this month.
—I don't think you should do that until______another job.
A.I'm going to；you'd found
B.I'm going to；you've found
C.I'll；you'll find
D.I'll；you'd find
解析 B。本题关键是看出until引导的是一个时间状语从句，要用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来。前面是打算离职，最好的表达形式是be going to结构。
演变 —Why is your father in such a hurry?
—He______for Beijing to attend an important meeting.The plane______at six.
A.will leave；leave
B.is leaving；leaves
C.is leaving；will leave D.leaves；is leaving
点拨 B。前面用将来时，注意现在进行时能表示将来；后面是少数用于表示起止的动词如：come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作。
方法小结：一般现在时是高考的一个重点，除了很好地掌握它的基本用法外，还要掌握它的一些特殊用法。
【例2】考查现在进行时
Ladies and gentlemen，please fasten your seat belts.The plane______.
A.takes offB.is taking off
C.has taken offD.took off
解析 B。A常被用来表示交通工具按时刻表运行。B表示动作即将发生：表示将来、近期特定的安排或计划（往往有一个表示将来的时间），常用的动词有：go，come，leave，start，arrive，die，return，stay，可用进行时表示将来。
演变 —Tom! What are you doing? You______the room a mess.
—Sorry，mum.I'll tidy it up.
A.have always made B.always makes
C.are always makingD.always made
点拨 C。现在进行时表示不断重复的动作，常和always，constantly，continually，forever，perpetually，repeatedly等频度状语连用，有时带有褒贬的感情色彩。
方法小结：掌握好现在进行时的这些特殊用法，另外，进行时通常有延续的意味，对动词有一定要求，解题时给予关注。
【例3】考查现在完成时
—Oh，it's you? I didn't recognize you.
—I______my hair cut，and I______new glasscs.
A.had；was wearingB.have had；am wearing
C.had；wore
D.have had；wear
解析 B。本题考查的是现在完成时的基本用法。我理了发（过去发生，但在这里提到是强调对现在的影响），用现在完成时；现在又戴着眼镜，用现在进行时。
演变 —The window is dirty.
—I know.It______for weeks.
A.hasn't cleanedB.didn't clean
C.wasn't cleanedD.hasn't been cleaned
点拨 D。注意情景隐含的时间状语，到目前为止已经有几周没有被清洁了。
方法小结：现在完成时是高考的一大热点，要充分理解现在完成时的两种基本用法，要理解它描述的是现在的情况，而一段过去时是客观描述过去发生过某事。
【例4】考查过去完成时
The new suspension bridge______by the end of last month.
A.has been designedB.had been designed
C.Was designed D.would be designed
解析 B。by the end of last month是过去完成时的典型的时间状语。悬挂大桥是被设计，因此用过去完成时的被动形式。
演变 John and I______friends for eight years.We first went to know each other at a Christmas party.But we______each other a couple of times before that.
A.had been；have seen B.have been；have seen
C.had been；had seen
D.have been；had seen
点拨 D。约翰和我已经做朋友8年，用现在完成时；后面是在过去某时间前已经见过几次，用过去完成时。
方法小结：过去完成时描述一动作先于另一动作完成，可由时间状语来反映，如：by，by the end of，before，after等，但更多的是由句子含义来决定。
【例5】考查一般将来时
Let's keep to the point or we______any decisions.
A.will never reachB.have never reached
C.never reach D.never reached
解析 A。本题考查一般将来时的基本用法，但要理清句子结构和含义：让我们紧扣主题，否则的话，我们将达不成任何协议。
演变 A peet and artist______coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
点拨 A。a poet and artist表示一个人，他有着诗人和艺术家的双重身份，因此其作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
方法小结：对于一般将来时的掌握，特别要能记住和区分它的各种表达形式，如：be to do，be doing，be going to do，will do，be about to do等。
【例6】考查过去进行时
Shirley______a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished.
A.has writtenB.wrote
C.had writtenD.was writing
解析 D。本题一定要考虑后半句“但是我不知道她是否已完成”，所以应理解成去年（我看到她时），她当时正在写一本书，用过去进行时。
演变 —Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.
—Where Was I?
—You______you didn't like your father's job.
A.had said
B.said
C.were sayingD.had been saying
点拨 C。注意情景隐藏的时间状语：在你被打断的时候，你正在讲……因此用过去进行时。
方法小结：现在的题目一般不会给你明显的时间状语，往往需要考生很好地去理解情景，挖掘其隐含的时间状语。
【例7】一些不用被动的情况
—Do you like the new pen?
—Yes，it______very well.
A.is writtenB.is writing
C.writesD.wrote
解析 C。英语中有很多动词如：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。
演变 Do I have to take this medicine? It______so terrible.
A.tastes
B.is tasting
C.is tastedD.has tasted
点拨 A。当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等词作系动词，后面接形容词时，不用被动形式。
方法小结：动词用法的掌握，主被动的判断非常重要。注意动词的性质会影响时态和语态，有时也要排除某些中文习惯的影响。
【例8】一些特殊的系表结构
Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will______fresh for several days.
A.be stayed B.stay
C.be stayingD.have stayed
解析 B。stay fresh中stay是系动词，不存在被动形式。
演变 The discussion______alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
A.Was comingB.had come
C.has come D.came
点拨 D。come alive系表结构，时间是过去的某时间，讨论变得活跃。
方法小结：英语中除了be以外，还有很多系动词，如：taste，smell，look，sound，remain，make，become，turn，get，go等，在平时的学习中要注意积累。
经典回放
1.The house belongs to my aunt but she______here any more.
A.hasn't lived B.didn't live
C.hadn't lived D.doesn't live
2.The water______cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.
A.was felt B.is felt
C.felt D.feels
3.John,a friend of mine,who got married only last week,spent ＄ 3,000 more than he______for the wedding.
A.will plan
B.has planned
C.would plan D.had planned
4.As you can see,the number of ears on our roads______rising these days.
A.was keeping B.keep
C.keeps
D.were keeping
5.—Your job______open for your return.
—Thanks.
A.will be keptB.will keep
C.had keptD.had been kept
6.—Where did you put the car keys?
—Oh,I______I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I______in.
A.remembered; come
B.remembered; was coming
C.remember; come
D.remember; was coming
7.—Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No,no sooner______than it happened.
A.had she goneB.she had gone
C.has she goneD.she has gone
8.What we used to think______impossible now does seem possible.
A.is
B.was
C.has been D.will be
9.I have to go to work by taxi because my car______at the garage.
A.will be repaired B.is repaired
C.is being repairedD.has been repaired
10.Customers are asked to make sure that they______the right change before leaving the shop.
A.will give
B.have been given
C.have given D.will be given
11.I______in London for many years,but I've never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A.lived B.was living
C.have livedD.had lived
12.I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he______on it for more than an hour.
A.has been workingB.will have worked
C.will have been working D.had worked
13.I was giving a talk to a large group of people,the same talk I______to half a dozen other groups.
A.was giving B.am giving
C.had given D.have given
14.In a room above the store,where a party______,some workers were busily setting the table.
A.was to be heldB.has been held
C.will be held D.is being held
15.My cousin went to Canada two yours ago.She______there for a few months and then went to America.
A.worked B.would work
C.would be workingD.has been working
16.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone,for I sometimes want to make sure if he______home for dinner.
A.come
B.comes
C.has come
D.will come
17.It is said that the early European playing-cards______for entertainment and education.
A.were being designed
B.have designed
C.have been designedD.were designed
18.The moment the 28th Olympic Games______open,the whole world cheered.
A.declaredB.have been declared
C.have declared
D.were declared
19.This machine______.It hasn't worked for years.
A.didn't work B.wasn't working
C.doesn't workD.isn't working
20.Look at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026______off at 18:20.
A.takes
B.took
C.will be taken
D.has taken
21.At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement
A.has been reachedB.had been reached
C.has reached D.had reached
22.—______you______him around the museum yet?
—Yes.We had a great time there.
A.Have; shownB.Do; show
C.Had; shown D.Did; show
23.—I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He______for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing
D.has been preparing
参考答案及解析
1.D。这房子是我阿姨的，但她（现在）不再住这里了。用一般现在时。
2.C。水感觉冷，feel cool是系表结构，不用被动；由后半句joined可知时态应用过去时。
3.D。比他事先计划的多花了3000美元。计划发生在花钱之前。
4.C。考查一般现在时，the number作主语，谓语动词用单数。
5.A。你的工作岗位会一直为你保留着，直到你回来。
6.D。记得是现在记得，用一般现在时；后面是过去的动作，排除come。
7.A。No sooner...than.../Hardly...when...这两个句型表示“刚......就......”。no sooner和hardly后要用倒装语序，用过去完成时。
8.B。过去不可能的(What was impossible)现在可能了。we used to think作插入语。
9.C。我的车现在正在修理厂。用现在进行时的被动语态。
10.B。顾客是被找零钱；时态用现在完成时。
11.A。本题很容易误选C，要注意but后是现在完成时，因此“住在伦敦”是相对于现在而言的发生在过去的事。
12.A。当学生做这数学题超过一个小时，我才会告诉他答案。句子用的是将来时，until引导的是时间状语从句，用现在完成进行时强调延续。
13.C。考查定语从句中的时态。主句是过去进行时，后面应是在此之前做过的事，故用过去完成时。
14.A。工人们在忙于摆放台子，前面应是相对于过去某个时间将有一个晚会被举行，用过去将来时，A表示过去按计划将被举行。
15.A。and连接两个并列的谓语，都用一般过去时描述过去发生过某事。
16.D。本题可能在B，D答案间有取舍难度。这里if引导的是宾语从句，所以无需用一般现在时表将来。
17.D。牌是被设计；动作是过去发生，用一般过去时的被动语态。
18.D。The moment引导时间状语从句，奥运会是被宣布召开，时间是过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，Olympic Games作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
19.C。机器不工作，坏了。描述长期的状态，用一般现在时。
20.A。一般现在时常被用来表示交通工具按时刻表运行。
21.B。过去的过去，用过去完成时。
22.A。考查现在完成时，时间状语yet是重要的依据。
23.D。Andrew已为比赛准备了几个月时间，用现在完成进行时。