A Sunset Glow
It is time for the G7 to share global leadership with developing countries By Wang Lei The author is an associate researcher with the China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations
The Group of Seven (G7) meeting in French seaside resort Biarritz on August 24-26 was convened at a time when the world is facing tectonic shifts in global power and the rift between the U.S. and Europe is widening as the former pursues an America First policy and the latter's ambition of a European revival is rekindling.
Though the meeting focused on international issues like the global economy, security landscape and climate change, it is a fact that the club of developed countries is now a setting sun, in both its international infl uence and actual effi ciency.
A house in disorder
Born in 1975, the G7 was an important collaborative mechanism for the seven most developed industrial countries during the Cold War era—the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, France and Japan—and was once the global leader. However, global power started shifting in the 21st century, with the rise of emerging economies such as China and India and the relative decline of the traditional industrial countries represented by the G7.
按照Fugate提出的就业能力评价指标体系的构建思路，结合前面的分析，本文按照以下几个指标进行评价，即：个体适应力、社会资本拥有量、职业认同感、人力资本存量。
Especially after the global financial crisis in 2008, the Group of Twenty (G20), the bloc of most developed countries and many emerging ones, became the major platform for global economic coordination and governance. The G7 was reduced to a platform to coordinate the policies of a small circle of traditional developed economies.
近日，中央正式宣布支持长江三角洲区域一体化发展并上升为国家战略。在此背景下，我国已形成长江三角洲区域一体化、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设的四大跨区域协调发展的区域发展总体格局。
While apparently getting along well with the other leaders, Trump actually repeatedly attacked the European Union, and praised a no-deal Brexit despite the adverse impacts it would have, dangling a bilateral free trade agreement before the UK. The U.S. is becoming increasingly isolated in the G7, and yet without its participation, the others can't reform the international order. It is therefore clear that the G7, troubled by its internal discord, cannot provide a prescription for today's global problems.
2.17 我刊已全文入网“清华同方、万方、维普”等数据库，凡向本刊投稿并录用的稿件文章，将一律由编辑部统一纳入数据库，凡有异议者，请在来稿中注明。本刊所付稿酬已包含刊物内容上网服务报酬，不再另付。
To avoid another failure, French President Emmanuel Macron met Russian President Vladimir Putin ahead of this year's meeting, which sent the signal that Russia would be invited back to the meeting of the bloc from which it was expelled in 2014. India, Australia, Egypt, South Africa, Chile and Burkina Faso were also invited to discuss some of the topics on the agenda in an effort by Macron to make the meeting more representative.
The rift between the U.S. and Europe is widening and the G7 failed to coordinate on many issues. In trade and economy, they disputed on digital tax and Trump threatened to increase tariffs on French wine. In military matters, the U.S. asked its European allies to increase their financial contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. On global governance, the two sides held opposite views on the Iran nuclear deal and the global climate issue. The divergence was so wide that Merkel said Europe can no longer rely on the U.S. and must fi ght for its own destiny.
Inequalities among the U.S. and Europe have been mounting though the G7 meeting was themed on fighting inequality. It might be diffi cult to fi nd the right prescription as the inequality in Western societies is deep-rooted, leaving Western countries unable to resolve the issue by themselves.
In addition, all G7 members have been facing domestic problems at the moment. Political parties in the UK are fi ghting over Brexit while in Scotland, the clamor of the pro-independence forces is rising. New British Prime Minister Boris Johnson's nodeal Brexit—the imminent withdrawal of the UK from the European Union without an agreement on trade and other issues—has unsettled both the UK and the rest of the world.
The Trump administration is also in trouble. The U.S. shows signs of an economic recession. If that happens, it will hit Trump's 2020 election campaign. Also, the trade friction with China is far from being the “victory” Trump has bragged about.
What the West needs to do is to shape a new economic order which can create more opportunities for the middle class. According to a report by the Bank for International Settlements in 2017, the participation of Chinese and Eastern European labor forces in the global industrial chains partly resulted in the sluggishness of the income growth in Western countries. It was also the deep-rooted economic cause of Trump's successful election as U.S. president and of Brexit. The labor class in the U.S. and the UK directly felt the changes.
There has been a turning point in global affairs though Western countries are refusing to accept the new landscape and adapt to it.
Internal troubles
Income growth has become stagnant and jobs are being cut in Western societies. According to Kishore Mahbubani, a Singaporean researcher, productivity in the U.S. increased 96.7 percent from 1948 to 1973, and people's real wages rose by 91.3 percent. However, from 1973 to 2015, which was the era of globalization, productivity rose only 73.4 percent, while people's salaries grew just 11.1 percent. The same thing was seen in many other Western countries with the income of the middle class crawling or even downright stagnating.
In Italy, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte has just experienced a resignation crisis. In Germany, Chancellor Angela Merkel is set to step down in 2021, or may be replaced earlier, and so has lost the ambition to make a difference in global governance. In France, the Yellow Vest protest movement refl ects the deep crisis in French society.
缺点？反逻辑的操作布局和菜单使得上手难度大大提升，采用AAA电池供电的设计虽然提升了易用度，但是续航表现并不理想。至于画质方面，这台相机的表现只能用糟糕形容。这块1800万像素的传感器在噪点控制、细节表现力方面都落后于行业水平。弱光拍摄更是令人失望，这台相机的最高ISO只能达到400，相对较大的f/2.8镜头能够弥补一些劣势，但是定焦镜头的设计大大降低了它的使用范围。
He also met Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif, trying to ease the escalating Iran nuclear crisis. But the efforts still produced limited fruits as the deep political and economic crisis in the Western world and their divergences cannot be settled in one meeting.
A policeman conducts security checks in the city of Biarritz in France on August 23. The seaside resort saw heightened security for the G7 meeting
Last year, Trump left the G7 meeting earlier and refused to accept the joint communiqué. To avoid this embarrassment, the G7 meeting this year ended without a joint communiqué for the first time in its 44-year history. A commentary in the Financial Times wryly said, “If Trump can make it through a French weekend without accelerating the demise of the West, that would be a victory of sorts.”
Moreover, it faced internal contradictions and collisions. U.S. President Donald Trump adopted the America First policy and began demolishing the common rules and values upheld by Europe and the U.S. All these factors caused the recent G7 meetings to end inconclusively, even becoming a butt of jokes in the international community.
A reality check
全诗叙述、描写、想象、抒情等手法并驾齐驱，将繁华和落寞互为映照，诗人没有知遇明主，理想落空，决心追寻隐居山林的商山四皓，隐居的典故表白了志向和情意。
From the 1st century to 1820, China and India were the two largest economies. The European economy started to take off only after the 19th century, when the West began its era of dominance.
However, new power shifts started in the 21st century with the ascension of developing countries and emerging economies. Western countries' share in the global economy declined while that of China, India and other emerging economies showed a strong upward momentum. As of 2018, the G7 accounted for only about 40 percent of the global economy while the G20 made up more than 80 percent of it.
While the West took the lead in the 19th and 20th century, they have to now adapt to the new reality by learning to share global leadership with developing countries. The traditional industrial countries represented by the G7 should join the developing ones to push for the reform of the World Trade Organization and respond to global challenges. Only in this way can a new rule-based international political and economic order come into being.
要把凝结着中华民族传统文化的文物保护好、管理好，必须坚持马克思主义的科学观点。 习近平表示：“保护和发展实际上并不是对立面，我们用马克思主义科学的方法对待文化遗产，将保护与开发有机结合起来，实现文化效益与经济效益和社会效益的统一。”[7]19 文化遗产保护也能够体现出马克思主义矛盾观点和辩证否定的观点。
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
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处在二区多边形GCDEJ区域的P4，是一种高成本高功能价值理想状态，也是高投入高收益的理想状态。在P4位置，所投入的资源都获得了充分的业绩，资源投入与功能产出的匹配非常好。因此，保持好现有的运行状态，只要加大投入，就能获得理想的回报。
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