2005年全国及各省市高考短文改错——动词考查试题分析及应试技巧，本文主要内容关键词为：动词论文,短文论文,各省市论文,试题论文,技巧论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
2005年高考短文改错对动词的考查主要从以下几个方面进行：（试题分析为原题号）
一、时态错误
高考短文改错对动词时态的考查一直是热点，主要涉及时态一致问题。考生要注意特定语境、特定的时间状语或特定的时态提示，正确改正时态。有时可从一句话看出，如主从复合句时态必须保持一致；有时必须从整篇短文去理解。一般来说，若整篇短文均用现在时或过去时，则每句话也用相应时态。特别要注意的是动词的过去式及过去分词的正确拼写，掌握不规则动词的变化形式。
1.从时间状语来判断
［试题分析］
(1)（05年福建卷）I am very pleased to say that all of us ∧ greatly improved our spoken English so far.I am...84.have
（从时间状语so far判断，应该用完成时。）
(2)（05年湖北卷）Since long ago,many adults and children ∧ called their friends together to spend hours,even days playing games.78.have
（从时间状语since long ago判断，应该用完成时。）
(3)（05年浙江卷）During the World Cup in 2002,my dad stays up late just to watch his favorite sport.
80.stayed
（从时间状语in 2002判断，应该用过去时。）
2.从上下文时态环境、句意及逻辑关系来判断
［试题分析］
(1)（05年辽宁卷）I was a high school student then,from a low-income family.So I have to work to support my family.
77.had
（从上下文判断，应该用过去时had。）
(2)（05年江西卷）I decided to walk around a little before accepting I'd have to spend the night in the car.Maybe I can find a telephone.Actually,I didn't have to walk far before I...79.could
（从上下文判断，应该用过去时could。）
(3)（05年天津卷）The problem was that I can still taste the medicine.57.could
（从上下文判断，应该用过去时could。）
(4)（05年全国卷Ⅲ）I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
85.took
（把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时。）
(5)（05年全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.One of themwas that they can earn money.77.is
（从上下文判断，应该用现在时，谓语用is。）
3.从连词的对称性来判断动词错用
［试题分析］
(1)（05年浙江卷）At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match.
78.watch
（and为并列连词，sit down和watch应为并列的动词原形。）
(2)（05年辽宁卷）I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world.
79.ifeeling
（and为并列连词，remember后going和feeling为并列关系。）
(3)（05年江苏卷）My sister found a bird on the roadside.We named him Jack and keep him for about three years.He would greet us...76.kept
（and为并列连词，named和kept为并列的过去时。）
(4)（05年安徽卷）...and in 1904 he produced his first new model.Charles Rolls,a car maker,was very interested in Royce's car,and soon Rolls arid Royce go into business together.
80.went
（and为并列连词，上下文为过去时，所以应该用went。）
二、语态错误
考生要注意分析句子的主语和动作的“执行”与“承受”关系。2005年高考中的语态错误主要是被动语态误用了主动语态。
［试题分析］
(1)（05年天津卷）Of course,when my mother was asked,"Have you already taken your medicine?"
62.去掉was
（妈妈问应该是主动语态，不能用被动。）
(2)（05年安徽卷）After the drive,it was
83.去掉was
cost just over $2 to put the carback into perfect condition.
（cost花费，主语it，不用被动语态。）
(3)（05年重庆卷）When one student does so,much larger values are destroying. 82.destroyed
（values跟destroy应该是被动关系，所以应该为destroyed。）
［应试技巧］
记住不及物动词没有被动语态。如happen、occur、belong、fall、rise、die、appear、take place、breakout、break forth等不可以及物。
三、动词错误
1.主谓一致
［试题分析］
(1)（2005年江苏卷）But for the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability.Leaving him at home all day,we...
84.was
（主语是the most wonderful thing，谓语应该用单数。）
(2)（2005年全国卷Ⅰ）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything as if they please.
80.allows
（主语是动名词短语earning their own money，谓语应该用单数。）
(3)（2005年湖北卷）Having fun with their friends make them happy.
83.makers
（主语是动名词短语having fun with their kiends，谓语应该用单数。）
(4)（05年重庆卷）It is bad manners in the classroom to look at what our neiehbor had written,or try to see what mark he has received...
77.has
（what our neighbor是look at后面的宾语从句的主语，谓语应该用单数。）
［应试技巧］
当从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，as well as、together with等引导的成分修饰主语时，考生要注意句子动词是否与前面主语人称及数上保持一致。
2.动词错用
［试题分析］
（2005年湖北卷）In American big cities thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.
85.buy
（从上下文可知很多人为了看足球或篮球比赛而去买票，不是卖票。）
［应试技巧］
(1)注意近义动词区别，如：accept-receive,win-beat...
(2)注意上下文的逻辑关系，有些动词应改成它的反义词，如：open-close,arrive-leave,go-come,lend-borrow,take-bring,buy-sell...
3.缺谓语
［试题分析］
(1)（2005年全国卷Ⅰ）...For the most part,students working to earn money for their own use...
79.work
（仔细分析此句，发现students是主语，to earn money for their own use是目的状语，句子缺谓语。）
(2)（2005年全国卷Ⅲ）I now think English ∧fun to learn.
80.is
（English是宾语从句的主语，宾语从句中缺谓语。）
［应试技巧］
英语句子必须有动词作谓语，考生要注意句子结构是否完整。不能缺实义动词，尤其是系动词(be)。
四、非谓语动词错误
［试题分析］
(1)（2005年江苏卷）We'd throw a coin as far as possibly.Jack would ny away and bring it backforus ∧ throw again.He would also catch the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and...
81.to
82.thrown
（81.Jack would fly away and bring it back forus的目的是throw again，所以应加to。）
（82.he指bird，它会飞过去抓扔给它的食物，食物跟扔是被动关系。）
(2)（2005年江西卷）I decided∧walk around a little before accepting I'd have to spend the night in the car.
78.to
（决定应该是decided to，句子应加to。）
(3)（2005年江西卷）Actually,I didn't have to walk far before I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.I knocked at the door and was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the door.
82.shining
83.delighted
（82.with加名词，再加现在分词，光跟闪耀是主动关系，应该用shining。）
（83.delight主语是人，应该用delighted。）
(4)（2005年全国卷Ⅰ）Some students may also to save up for our college or future use.
84.去掉to
（情态动词后用原形，不能加to。）
(5)2005年福建卷）Besides,the foreign teachers here work hard and try their best to make the activities lively and interested.I am very pleased to saythat all of...
83.interesting
（使the activities有趣，应该用interesting。）
(6)（2005年福建卷）I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.
85.seeing
（look forward to中的to为介词，后面应该用动名词。）
(7)（2005年湖北卷）Since long ago,many adults and children have called their friends together to spend houm,even days play games.
79.playing
（spend后习惯用on sth.或in doing sth.所以该句应为playing。）
(8)（2005年湖北卷）They help to keep people strong and feel good.
81.feeling
（and连接两个并列成分，keep后people为宾语，strong and feeling为宾补。）
(9)（2005年重庆卷）It is good manners for us to help each other if we have the same desire and the teacher allows to it...
79.去掉to
（allow习惯用sth./doing sth.或sb.to do sth.）
(10)（2005年全国卷Ⅲ）“If you try to,you can be No.I”... 82.去掉to
（try后没有宾语，所以不用to。）
(11)（2005年浙江卷）Usually I just checked the result because I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball∧each other.
78.to
（kick a ball的目的要用to each other。）
(12)（2005年浙江卷）Seeing his strong interest in this game of 22 men run after a ball,I decided to sit down to watch the game.
82.running
（介词of后面应加doing。）
(13)（2005年浙江卷）I found the game excited,and...
83.exciting
（指the game要用exciting。）
(14)（2005年安徽卷）In 1907,a Silver Ghost broke the world's record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down once.
82.driving
（介词后用动名词。）
(15)（2005年山东卷）We're busy prepare for our trips.
84.preparing
（短语be busy doing。）
(16)（2005年山东卷）We're busy preparing for our trips.Please excuse us for not∧able to say goodye to you.
85.being
（介词后用动名词。）
［应试技巧］
(1)不定式符号to的多余与遗漏。注意辨认to是小品词还是介词，to后应该用动词原形还是动名词。记住：pay attention to、look forward to、get down to、get used to、stick to后应该用动名词。make somebody后应为do,let somebody后也用do，还有have sb.do,get sb.to do等，平时要熟记哪些动词后用do或to do。
(2)哪些情况应用动名词？动词本身不能作句子主语，应该用动名词。介词后应用动名词而不能用动词原形。记住imagine、finish、appreciate、spend、avoid等后用动名词doing。
(3)注意区别现在分词与过去分词。尤其是当两者作表语时，主语是人，应用过去分词。主语是物，应用现在分词。
总之，只要了解高考命题规律，掌握正确的改错技巧，平时加以认真训练，考生一定能提高短文改错能力。