集名词为主语时主谓一致性分析_复数论文

集名词为主语时主谓一致性分析_复数论文

集合名词做主语时的主谓一致问题解析,本文主要内容关键词为:主谓论文,主语论文,名词论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

集合名词,也叫集体名词,是英语中表示某一群人或某一类事物的集合体。集合名词的难点,主要在于其做主语时的主谓一致问题。汉语谓语动词因为没有单复数之分,所以我国学生学习英语的集合名词时,常常为谓语动词的单复数问题大伤脑筋。笔者结合自己的教学经验,查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。

一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若做主语,则谓语可用单数/复数,主要依据话语者强调的重点而定。若强调许多个体,谓语用复数,主、宾、定语可用they/them/their代替;若强调一个整体,则用单数,主、宾、定语可用it/its代替,其次也有依据习惯而定,同样的情形,美国人通常用单数谓语,英国人则用复数谓语。当集合名词以复数形式出现时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。但需要注意的是,此类名词的复数和单数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如:army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);village(村民),Villages(村庄);hospital(医护人员),hospitals(多家医院)等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,hospital,jury,kingdom,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民),union,university,village等。如:

1.The staff is/are hardworking.全体员工都很勤奋。

2.The staff have gone for their lunch.员工们都吃午饭去了。

3.The crew of several ships were in port.几艘船上的全体船员都在港内。

4.The present government,which hasn't been in power long,is trying to control inflation.It isn't having much success.现政府上台伊始就着手控制通货膨胀,但收效不大。

5.The government,who are looking for a quick victory,are calling for a general election soon.They expect to be re-elected.A lot of people are giving them their support.政府要求立即大选,他们希望尽快获胜。他们指望重新当选,因为有许多人支持他们。

6.Governments in all countries are trying to control inflation.各国政府都在设法控制通货膨胀。

7.The audience were moved to tears.观众感动得流下眼泪。

8.The lecturer draws large audiences.这个演讲者吸引了大量听众。

9.The whole school was punished.全校学生都受到了处罚。

10.The class consists of 40 students.这个班有四个学生。

11.This class are diligent.这班的学生都很勤奋。

12.The jury were divided in opinion.陪审团成员意见不一致。

13.The committee has held its first meeting.委员会已经召开了第一次会议。

14.Almost every family in this village has a man in the army.村子里几乎家家都有一男子从军。

15.The whole family are in tears.全家人都在伤心落泪。

16.The whole profession fight tooth and nail against it.同行的全体人员都极力反对。

17.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.埃及十分之一的人口是基督徒。

二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,但做主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工),herd,mankind,military,militia(民团,民兵),people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。如:

18.These cattle are valuable.这些牛很值钱。

19.There are three people waving at us.有三个人正在向我们招手。

20.The police haven't arrived yet.警察还没有到。

21.There are vermin here.这里有害虫。

22.Some people are never satisfied.有的人从不知足。

23.The police/military have surrounded the building.警察/军队已经包围了那栋大楼。

24.The poultry are being fed.正在喂家禽。

注:people解作“民族”时有复数形式,如:There are 56 peoples in China.

三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,press,public,swarm,youth等。如:

25.Give the public what it wants/they want.满足公众的需求。

26.The youth today is/are better off than we used to be.今天的年轻人条件比我们那时好多了。

27.Her offspring is like her in every respect.她的孩子各方面都很像她。

28.Her offspring are like her in every respect.她的儿女们各方面都很像她。

29.The newspaper gentry is/are not used to being ordered by the government.

报界人士不习惯受政府左右。

30.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.

知识界强烈要求让兰逊做他们的代言人。

31.Arsenal is/are piaying well in this season.阿森纳阿本赛季表现出色。

32.Macmillan have/has made a good profit this year.麦克米伦公司今年收益不错。

33.The Seventy-First Congress was dominantly Republican.共和党占据了第七十一届国会的多数。

34.The Kremlin has/have refused to accept the plan proposed by America.

俄国政府拒绝了美国提出的方案。

35.The Netherlands has/have a monarchy.荷兰是君主政体。

36.Liverpool is leading 1-0.利物浦队以一比零领先。

37.Liverpool ard attacking again.利物浦队又开始进攻了。

四、某些无生命(表示物)的集合名词做主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage,clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandise,poetry,pottery,silverware,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。如:

38.All the furniture in my room is new.我房间里的家具都是新的。

39.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.在寒冷的气候中,保暖的衣服是必要的。

40.The merchandise has arrived undamaged.货物完好无损地运到了。

41.There is not much vegetation in deserts.沙漠里植被很少。

42.The machinery is driven by electricity.这些机器由电力驱动。

43.The equipment for the factory has been shipped.运往该厂的设备装船待发。

标签:;  ;  ;  

集名词为主语时主谓一致性分析_复数论文
下载Doc文档

猜你喜欢