Suffering Non-Birth Pangs
By Lan Xinzhen
According to statistics from the Evergrande Research Institute, which specializes in real estaterelated research, in 2018, the number of new births in China fell below 15 million. The subject came under Evergrande’s ambit as a decline in the birth rate is bound to deal a blow to the property industry.
The figure indicates that although the two-child policy was extensively adopted in 2015, replacing the outdated one-child policy from the early 1980s, encouraging every couple to have two children, the birth rate has not increased as sharply as expected.
在两组中，组内女性DC值、AC绝对值、HRV相关指标均低于男性，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组相比，窦缓组男性及女性DC值、AC绝对值和HRV相关指标均明显增加，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
Even though the two-child policy was not fully in place in 2014, new births that year reached 16.87 million.After the one-child policy ended in September 2015,new births increased to 17.86 million in 2016, the fastest growth since 2000. However, in 2017, new births dropped to 17.23 million and in 2018, to less than 15 million.
Although 2018 marked the third year of the twochild policy, the birth rate saw a decline instead of an expected rise. If this trend continues, the demographic dividends China once enjoyed will vanish.
There are four major reasons why the birth rate is diving.
Although China’s economic aggregate ranks second in the world, its per-capita GDP remains low. China needs to sustain new births at a rational rate before the dependency ratio expands, instead of standing by while the birth rate is on the decline.
在传统的体育课堂中，都是教师引导课堂，学生配合着老师的指令完成体育动作，比如做健身操，各种活动前的锻炼等等。这种方法可能会导致学生对体育课堂失去兴趣，从而认为体育课枯燥无味，没有了学习的动力。因此，在体育教学中教师需要根据学生的实际情况，结合学生感兴趣的内容来改进自己的教学方法，体育课堂上需要创新来激发学生学习喜欢体育的兴趣，从而使他们自己主动的去锻炼。
镇（乡）人民政府及防汛抗旱指挥机构具体承担本辖区内山洪灾害防御工作，督促镇（乡）和村、组开展雨情、水情的日常监测预警、应急处置、抢险救灾、宣传培训、防灾演练等。协助上级主管部门开展汛前排查、汛中检查、汛后核查，做好山洪灾害防御有关资料和预案修订、危险区划定等汇总、上报和年度工作总结。
The tricky thing was that the one-child policy made many couples of child-bearing age feel that having one child was also good. They no longer believed in the traditional idea of having more than one child, even though the current policy encourages them to have two.
While the 2016 birth rate indicated that by 2030,the proportion of people aged 60 or more would reach 25 percent of the population, the 2016-18 birth rate prognoses that this age group will hit 30 percent of the population instead, indicating an escalation.
Population is one of the basic factors and driving forces of economic and social development.To maintain a reasonable birth rate is a precondition for China’s future development
A continued low birth rate will result in the rapid aging of the population. This has two effects. First, elderly people will comprise a big chunk of the population, and second, the median age of the population will rise. In 2017, 17.3 percent of China’s population was 60 years old or above.
针对云计算系统中多任务并发模式下引发的资源竞争，本文提出了一种基于改进的粒子群优化的云计算资源调度分配模型，以提高资源利用率.首先建立云计算资源调度问题的数学模型，然后采用改进的PSO算法进行求解，获得云计算资源的最优调度方案，并进行仿真实验，以验证算法的有效性．
内蒙古大兴安岭北部林区属于大兴安岭北部水文区，河流众多，纵横交错。主要河流有根河、激流河、金河、乌鲁吉气河和敖鲁古雅河。各河流的天然水质优良，基本上没有污染，宜于水资源的开发利用。地下水资源丰富，地下水资源总补给量为4.29亿m3，其特点是埋藏浅，易成井，水量大，水质好。
Accelerated aging of the population will advance the grim spectacle of getting old before getting wealthy.Since the late 1970s, labor resource sufficiency was a crucial factor for China’s economic take-off. But long-term low birth rates will dry up the labor pool. In 2017, China’s dependency rate was 39.2 percent, with a relatively low burden of senior care on the work-age population.
First, although the Chinese tradition holds that having more children means more wealth and happiness,the family-planning policy adopted in 1978 to alleviate pressure on various resources put the one-child policy at its core. Focusing on the quality of the population, it allowed every couple to have only one child and remained in effect until 2014.
In 2015, the median age of the Chinese population stood at 37. However, Evergrande predicted that the age will rise to 43 in 2030 and 50 in 2050 if the current trend continues.
Second, while China’s economy is making great strides, the burden of living on people’s shoulders is also increasing. The cost of housing, education and medical care keeps surging, together with huge pressure to support the elderly. The willingness to have more children is thus curbed.
According to sample statistics by Edu.sina.com.cn, a portal providing comprehensive information on China,on average, educational expenses during preschool account for 26 percent of a family’s annual income. During primary and middle school, it accounts for 21 percent,and 29 percent during the college period. One more child will strain a family’s economic resources and its overall quality of life.
Third, the number of women of child-bearing age is falling. According to Evergrande, by 2030, the number of women aged between 20 and 35 will plummet by 31 percent compared with 2017.
Fourth, Chinese women’s independence is improving. Today, China has basically realized gender equality and in family life, women can have the final say. Women’s academic education has been widely enhanced, bringing them more economic independence. Furthermore, more women choose to marry late in life or even not to marry at all. Some couples choose not to have children. All these factors have negative implications for China’s birth rate.
Population is one of the basic factors and driving forces of economic and social development. In some Western countries, excessively low birth rates have triggered various problems, affecting social development. China should learn from these countries and take precautionary measures. To maintain a reasonable birth rate is a precondition for China’s future development.
Copyedited by Sudeshna Sarkar
Comments to lanxinzhen@bjreview.com
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