浅谈英语写作中的句式多样化问题，本文主要内容关键词为：句式论文,浅谈论文,英语写作论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
句子是表达一个完整思想的最小单位，也是影响写作语言质量的关键。初学英语写作者往往容易犯文章句子结构单调的毛病，究其原因，主要是对英文句子的结构和特点不熟悉，没有掌握各种句子结构之间的转换方法，缺乏使用多种句子形式来表达同一思想内容的技能。因此，掌握句式多样化的基本方法，对丰富文章内容的表达形式，增强表达效果是大有益处的。本文试将一些方法简单介绍如下：
一、变换句子的开头
一般英语写作中句子往往以主语开头，但一长串全是以主语开头的句子连在一起，难免呆板、单调，读来乏味。倘若打破常规，变换一下句子的开头，则可以收到较好的表达效果。以下是变换句子开头的一些常用的方法：
1.以分词或分词短语开头
a)Defeated,they withdrew into the valley.
b)Seen from the hilltop,the valley looked like a wonderland.
2.以介词短语开头
With a book under his arm,Mr.Smith came in.
3.以不定式短语开头
To save the child,he laid down his life.
4.以形容词开头
Energetic and enthusiastic,he plunged into the new work.
5.以变换位置的同位语开头
A commercial center of China,Shanghai has been playing a significant role in the national economic development.
6.以独立结构开头
Weather permitting,we will have a picnic.
7.以状语从句开头
Before they arrived,the train had pulled out.
8.以名词性从句开头
That he passed the exam is really a pleasant surprise.
二、变换句型和句子种类
从不同角度划分，句子有不同种类和结构。为多样化起见，可将简单句、并列句和复合句等各类句子融合在一起，或将松散句、圆周句和对偶句等不同句式交错使用，从而使文章生动有趣，引人入胜。请看下面这段文字：
He was born in a small village.His father was a teacher in the village school.His mother did the housework.He began to go to his father's school at seven.He graduated from it six years later.Then he went to the junior middle school in a nearby town.He studied at a senior middle school in the county seat.He was a good student there.He got good marks at the college entrance examinations.He enrolled in a university in the provincial capital.He studied civil engineering there.He wan ted to build a highway for his home village in future.He loved his village very much.
文中12个句子都是简单句，其中10个句子都以主语“He”开头，句子种类单一，缺乏变化。下面是修改后的段落：
He was born in a small village.His father taught at the village school and his mother did the housework.He began to study at his father's school at seven and six years later entered the junior middle school in a nearby town.After graduating from it he was admitted to a senior middle school in a county seat,where he proved to be a good student.He took the national college entrance examinations,got good marks in most subjects,and was able to enroll in a university in the provincial capital.As a major in civil engineering,he cherished the dream of building a highway for his home village,which he dearly loved.
改写后的这段文字句子种类多样，长短不一，句型结构变化大，读来生动流畅，格外自然。
松散句、圆周句和对偶句的运用则可从修辞角度丰富句子的多样化。松散句把主要意思放在句子开头，先说重要的事情，因此读者在看到最初几个词之后就知道整句话的意思了。圆周句则相反，其主要内容放在句子后面，不读完整个句子就不明白句子的意思，使读者产生悬念。请看下例：
1)To be an artist was her greatest wish and she often talked about this with her parents and friends.（松散句）
2) She often said to her parents and friends that her greatest wish was to be an artist.（圆周句）
从以上句子可以看出，松散句比较简单、自然和直接，更易于理解，而圆周句则比较复杂、正式和文雅，更富于悬念，具有强调效果。
对偶句由两个结构相似而意思相反（或相似）的平行从句构成，因包含比较和对比，且节奏优美，往往能给人留下深刻的印象。如：
1) In Plato' s opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacon's opinion philosophy was made for man.
2) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.
由此可见，写作中巧妙变换句子种类和句型结构能使文章增色不少。
三、变换句子长度
长句容量大，节奏缓慢，描述细腻、准确，而短句则简单、紧凑，直接了当，能产生紧张强烈的气氛。写作中倘若使句子长短相间、有机结合，必能相映成趣，使文章节奏和谐，琅琅上口。请看下例：
The traveler came up to an old gray building and climbed to the stairs leading to the second floor.He stopped in front of a room with the number 5 painted on the door,took out an envelope from his black handbag,checked the address written on it and put it back in his bag.Then he rang the bell.
这些文字中仅有三个句子，句长依次为中长句—长句—短句。这种句长安排使全段结构紧凑，节奏鲜明，起伏有序，特别是尾句短小精悍，与前句对照鲜明，增强了文章的表现力。
四、句子主要成分的隔离
英语句子通常的结构形式是主语—谓语，但是偶尔变换一下这种常形式，在主谓之间插入同位语、定语、状语等其他句子成分，则可以使句子显得轻松活泼，给文章增添生气。例如：
1) Catherine,however,was enjoying herself thoroughly.
2) All the countries,big or small,are equal.
3) Robin,like his father,is an excellent lawyer.
4) My grandparents,valuing strong family ties,encouraged us young ones" to always keep in touch".
需要注意的是，非限制性分词短语同非限制性定语从句一样由逗号隔开，如例4。
五、疑问句、感叹句和祈使旬的使用
写作中根据需要间或使用少量疑问句、感叹句和祈使句，不仅有助于文章句子形式多样化，而且也可以增强文章内容的感染力。以下是肯尼迪就职演说中的一些片段：
So let us begin anew,remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness,and sincerity is always subject to proof.Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to aaegotiate.
…
Can we forge against these enemies a grand and global alliance,North and South,East and West,that can assure a more fruitful; life for all humankind? Will you join us in the historic effort?
这两段中不仅运用了排比(parallelism)、交错配列(chisamus)等几种修辞手段，还使用了祈使句和疑问句等多种句式，使文章读来颇具气势，富有鼓动性。
总之，英语句式多样，种类繁多，写作中根据思想内容和表达需要变换使用句型句式，定会使文章行文流畅、表达清晰、充满活力。