instead of的用法及有关问题，本文主要内容关键词为：，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
instead of是一个使用频率非常高的习语词组，汉语常可译为“而不”“代替”等类似的意思，在实际运用中有些问题值得探讨。本文拟对于该习语词组的用法及有关问题作一个大概的介绍。
一、用法
英语instead of可以作短语介词，也可以（通常在非正式语体中）充当“边际并列连词”。
1.短语介词
英语instead of作短语介词可以接各种形式的宾语，主要有：
(1)名词。例如：
You can give him advice instead of money.你可以给他忠告而不是给她钱。
Mr.Liu will give us an English class instead of Mr.Zhang tomorrow morning.
明天早上刘老师将代替张老师给我们上一堂英语课。
I have been to Shanghai instead of Beijing.我去了上海没有去北京。
(2)代词。例如：
He has come to attend the meeting instead of her.他代替她来参加会议了。
Give me that instead of this.给我那个，不是这个。
Why did you choose their company instead of oars to be your sole agent?
你们为什么选择他们公司而不是我们公司当你们的独家代理？
(3)动名词。例如：
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift.我们是走下楼梯的，没有乘电梯。
Yesterday evening she watched TV instead of going to see a film.
昨天晚上她看了电视，没有去看电影。
He must make up his mind instead of my making up his mind for him.
他必须自己下决心，而不是我替他下决心。
(4)介词短语。例如：
Can we go by bus instead of by train?我们能坐汽车而不坐火车去吗？
Plum flowers blossom in winter instead of in spring.梅花是冬天开的，而不是春天开的。
They usually go to work by night instead of by day.他们通常晚上上班，白天不上班。
(5)复合结构。例如：
It's time that I asked you instead of you askingme about it.是我问你而不是你问我这件事的时候了。
You might have thought that no one was at home instead of every household expecting visitors.
你应该想到人家家里没有人，而不是每家人家都期望着有人去拜访。
You should do it vourself instead of me doing it for you.你应该自己做而不是我替你做。
(6)从句。例如：
I asked you what you did instead of what you said.我问你你做了什么而不是说了什么。
She asked him why he did it instead of how he did it.她问他为何做，而不是问如何做的。
They went to the seaside last Sunday instead of where they often go.
他们上星期日去了海滨，没有去他们常去的地方。
2.“边际并列连词”
英语instead of作“边际并列连词”可以连接两个平行的不定式，两个平行的谓语动词，两个平行的形容词，两个平行的副词或两个平行的句子。
(1)两个平行的不定式。例如：
They will use their power to rationalize the regulation instead of to cancel it.
他们利用权力使这种规章合法化，而不是取消它。
Many farmers go to cities to earn money instead of to spend money.
许多农民是去城市挣钱，而不是去花钱。
instead of后的不定式符号有时可以省略。例如：
You should begin to smile happily instead of weep sadly.你应该开始高兴地笑而不是伤心地哭。
You can ask him to send her an E-mail in stead of write to her.
你可以让他给她发个电子邮件，不要给她写信。
(2)两个平行的谓语动词。例如：
Last month they decreased their production instead of increased their production.
他们上个月的产量不但没有增加反而减少了。
On freezing,water expands instead of contracts.结冰时水不但不收缩，反而膨胀。
In class the teacher praised him instead of criticized him.
课堂上老师不但没有批评他，反而表扬了他。
(3)两个平行的形容词。例如：
Some people think that his speech is tedious instead of interesting.
有人认为他的演讲不但没有趣味，反倒很枯燥。
The patient's illness is becoming worse instead of better.病人的病情变得更糟，而不是更好。
She is diligent instead of very clever.她不是非常聪明，而是勤奋。
(4)两个平行的副词。例如：
Why did you do your work slowly instead of quicky?你为什么工作不快点，而反而慢了？
He is always,instead of seldom,late for class.他上课总是迟到，而不是偶尔迟到。
He will hold our meeting downstairs instead of upstairs.我们将在楼下开会，而不是在楼上开会。
(5)两个平行的句子。（不算正当）例如：
Frankly,you can help me instead of I can help you.坦率地说，你能帮助我，而不是我能帮助你。
Now I am asking you instead of you are asking me.现在是我在问你，不是你在问我。
If you had lost the battle,you would have been their prisoners of war instead of they would have been yours.如果你们战斗失败，你们将成为他们的战俘，而不是他们成为你们的战俘。
二、有关问题
1.instead of引起的短语在句子中的位置
一般说来，instead of引起的短语不置于句首，但有时为了强调突出这一短语或者是为了承前启后，使句子的意思更有连贯性，instead of引起的短语可以出现在句首。例如：
Instead of going shopping in the supermarket,she stayed at home all day long.
她没有去超市购物，而整天待在家里。
Instead of getting off at the terminal,he got off half way there.
他没有在终点站下车，而是半路上下了车。
I wanted the personal assistance of the general manager,but instead of him,he sent me his secretary.
我想得到总经理的亲自帮助，可他没有来，却派了他的秘书来帮助我。
2.含instead of短语的句子的句型转换
含instead of引起的短语的句子的句型转换可分为以下两种情况：
(1)无论instead of在句子中作短语介词还是作“边际并列连词”，含instead of引起的短语的句子都能转换成只含副词instead的句子。例如：
She stayed at home looking after her baby instead of going out with her husband.She didn't go out with her husband;she staved at homc looking after her baby instead.她没有与她丈夫一起出去，而在家里照看孩子。
We had tea in the garden instead of in the house.→We didn't have tea in the house;we had tea in the garden instead.我们没有在房里用茶，而是在花园里用茶。
He telephoned me instead of wrote to me.→He didn't write to me,he telephoned me instead.他没有写信给我，而是打电话给我的。
(2)instead of作短语介词接名词或代词宾语时，这种句子可转换成只含副词instead或含介词短语in one's stead的句子。例如：
He presided over the meeting instead of the chairman.→The chairman didn't preside over the meeting;he presided over the meeting instead.→He presided over the meeting in the chairman's stead.他代替主席主持了会议。
The secretary spoke at the meeting instead of him.→He didn't speak at the meeting;the secretary spoke for him instead.→The secretary spoke at the meeting in his stead.会上秘书代替他发了言。
3.当instead of作“而不”讲时，它的意思和用法与rather than基本相同，两者通常可以相互换用，rather than也可以既作介词又作“边际并列连词”用。例如：
We should invest in industry instead of(=rather than)real estate.
我们应该投资工业，而不是投资房地产。
We'll go to Beijing for tourism in October instead of(=rather than)in September.
我们将在10月份而不是9月份去北京旅游。
U.S.interterence in Iraq's internal affairs has brought the Iraqi people disaster instead of(=rather than)Peace and happiness.美国干涉伊拉克内政给伊拉克人民带来的是灾难，而不是和平和幸福。