解决动词时态和情态问题的三要素_状语论文

解决动词时态和情态问题的三要素_状语论文

解答动词时态与语态题的三大要素,本文主要内容关键词为:语态论文,时态论文,三大论文,动词论文,要素论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

第一要素:时间状语

考生在做动词的时态与语态试题时,要先看题干中有没有时间状语的暗示。不同的时间状语代表说话或动作发生的时间点或时间段不同,应分别使用不同的时态。考生应该记住一些常用的时间状语分别与什么时态连用,这是解题的关键。

常与一般现在时连用的时间状语有:every day,often,always,once a week,every few years,elc.;

常与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:the other day,yesterday,last year,in 1946,once,a few days ago,two years ago,etc.;

常与一般将来时连用的时间状语有:tomorrow,next week,in three hours,etc.;

常与现在进行时连用的时间状语有:now,at present,right now,etc.;

常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有:at this time yesterday/last week,etc.;

常与将来进行时连用的时间状语有:at this time tomorrow/next Friday,etc.;

常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since 1998,ever since,so far,up till now,recently/lately,in the past few years,during the past five years,etc.;

常与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:by+过去时间状语,before;

常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by+将来时间状语;

常与现在完成进行时连用的时间状语有:all day,all afternoon,all week,these days,all the time,etc.

第二要素:固定句型

考生若能记住以下句型中常用的时态,遇到时态方面的考题时就能迅速定位,轻而易举地找到正确答案。

1.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句用将来时,从句要用一般现在时态代替将来时态。

2.在宾语从句中,主句用过去时态,从句要使用相应的过去时态。

3.表示按时刻表固定要发生的动作,通常用一般现在时。如The plane takes off at 4:30 p.m.飞机下午4:30起飞。

4.I Was doing sth.when sth.happened

I Was about to do sth.when sth.happened

I Was on the point of doing sth.when sth.happened

I had just done sth.when sth.happened(when译为“这时”,强调一个动作的突然发生)

如:(1)I was walking along the river,when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.

(2)I was about to leave when it began to rain.

(3)I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang,announcing the exam was over.

5.祈使句+or/otherwise+sb.will(not) do sth.或祈使句+and+sb.will(not)do sth.

如:Start right away or you'll miss the first train.马上出发,不然你会赶不上第一趟火车。

6.It Was(not)+时间段+before+一般过去时(过了一段时间就……)

It will(not)be+时间段+before+一般现在时(要过一段时间才会……)

It is/has been+时间段+since sb.did sth.

It was+时间点+when sth.happened

如:(1)It was not long before he sensed his dangerous position.(动作已发生)

(2)It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.(动作未发生)

(3)It is 3 years since he worked here.(since从句中的谓语动词若是延续性动词,要从这个动作结束的时候算起)

7.表示过去原打算干,却未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图。

had hopedto do=hoped to have done

类似的词还有:expect,think,intend,design,plan,mean等。

would like/prefer/love to have done

was/were to have done

was/were supposed to have done

如:The plane was to have taken off at 7 this morning,but was held up by the heavy fog.飞机本来今天上午7点要起飞的,但是由于浓雾,起飞时间被推迟了。

8.If+were/did(动词过去式),主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+do(用来表示对现在情况的假设)

If+had done(过去完成式),主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+have done(用来表示对过去情况的假设)

If+were/did(动词的过去式)/were to do/should do,主语+情态动词(would,could,might,should)+do(用来表示对将来情况的假设)

如:If I were to take/should take/took the exam tomorrow,I would not go shopping with you.明天我要是考试,我就不和你去购物。

9.It is the first time that sb.has done sth./It was the first time that sb.had done sth.

10.Hardly had sb.done sth.when sth.happened/No sooner had sb.done sth.than sth.happened

11.sb.is always doing sth.表说话者说话时的一种感情色彩,赞扬、责备或批评。

12.表示位移方向的动词的现在进行时表示将来。如:I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.我明天要去上海。

13.by+将来时间状语或表示将来时态的句子,要用将来完成时态:by+过去时间状语或表示过去时态的句子,要用过去完成时态。

第三要素:语境暗示

语境暗示主要是指上下文语境或前后语境提示。如:what's the noise或look,listen等在题干中出现时要用现在进行时:并列句或复合句中前后语境里时态的暗示等。考生在解答动词的时态与语态题时,若在题干中找不到时间状语,又确定不是测试的固定句型时,就得从题干前后时态或句子意思的暗示考虑了。这样就能迅速而准确地找到关键信息点,问题也就迎刃而解了。此类考点是高考时态与语态题测试的重点。

解题步骤

步骤一:结合选项确定此题是考查动词的时态与语态。

步骤二:结合句子的意思来确定主语与谓语动词是主动还是被动的关系,排除错误选项。

步骤三:从解答动词的时态与语态的三要素——时间状语、固定句型和语境暗示来确定正确答案。

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解决动词时态和情态问题的三要素_状语论文
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