动词不定式中的省略现象种种，本文主要内容关键词为：不定式论文,动词论文,现象论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
动词不定式的省略有两种：一种是单独使用to，以代替上文中一个省略了的不定式；一种是省略不定式符号to。本文将动词不定式中的省略现象做一探讨，供大家学习和复习时参考。
一、单独使用动词不定式符号to的情况
为了避免相同动词的重复出现，在一些情态动词或半助动词之后，以及表示“心理状态”的词语之后，可用不定式符号to代替整个不定式。
1.情态动词或半助动词有：need,ought to;have to,used to,be able to等。例如：
①Why don't you know the answer?You ought to.
②Nobody likes to listen to his lesson,but they have to because he is a teacher.
③We don't save as much money these days as we used to.
④-I hope to join in the May Day celebration in Beijing.
-You'll be able to.
2.表示“心理状态”的词语有：hate,like,hope,love,forget,wish,refuse,decide,try,want,expect,be glad,know,be afraid,plan,be happy,would like,be ready,have the courage等。这些词语后面的不定式可只保留to，有时也可连to一起省略，尤其是在be ready,have the courage等词语后面。而want和would like在简单句中一般不省略to。例如：
①The teacher stopped me from playing football,but I had really hoped to.
②Class Two were going to visit the Great Wall and we also decided to.
③-Can you express yourself in English at the meeting?
-I'll try(to).
④You may go to the town if you want to.
⑤-Why didn't he report it to the police?
-He was afraid to;he didn't think they would believe him.
-Do you want to have lunch with us?
-Yes,I'd like to.
⑦You can't expect him to go there alone if he isn't ready(to).
⑧She'll never leave home.She hasn't the courage(to).
3.want或like用于主从复合句中时，如在when,if,what,as之后，常省略整个不定式。例如：
①Come when you want.
②You may go if you like.
③Do what you want.
④Take any book as you like.
4.不定式作宾语补足语时，to也可用来代替整个动词不定式，并且to一般不可省略。例如：
①I think he should do it at present,but you can't force him to.
②The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to.
③You'd better sing a song if they ask you to.
④If I happen not to remember to ring up Mr Smith,would you please remind me to?
值得注意的是，如果不定式是to be或to have，通常保留to be或to have；如果不定式是完成式的被动语态，则要保留to have been。例如：
①He has become a teacher,as he wanted to be long ago.
②-He hasn't finished it yet?
-Well,he ought to have.
③-Were they allowed two hours for making the necessary preparations?
-No.But they ought to have been.
二、省略动词不定式符号to的情况
1.两个带to的不定式由并列连词连接时，第二个不定式一般省略to。例如：
①She told the child to stay there and wait till she came back.
②My wish is to go to college and study English.
③I'm going to see a friend and help her with her lessons.
④It is quite necessary for you to go to his house and apologize to him right away.
但两个不定式若有对比之意时，则一般不省略to。例如 ：
①I came not to scold you,but to praise you.
②He hasn't decided whether to go home or to stay at school during the vacation.
③The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult.
2.在美国英语口语中，动词come,go,run后用作（目的）状态的不定式可省略不定式符号to，但这种情况只适用于祈使语气。例如：
①Come have a glass.
②Go tell her about it.
③Run help that old woman.
这种情况可转换成用and 连接的并列结构，此时语气更强。例如：
Go and tell her about it.
要注意的是，不定式符号to有时既可省略，又可保留，尤其在下列情况下：
1.在动词help后不定式用作宾语或宾语补足语时，to可以保留，也可以省略。例如：
①He often helps me(to)stydy English.
②She will help(to)mend the coat for you.
但若句子的主语没有出现或出现的主语不是指人时，则一般不省略to。例如：
①Help the little boy to carry that box,will you?
②This medicine will help you to sleep.
当help之后接一个较长的名词性词组作宾语时，通常也不省略to。例如：
①Help the little boy at the back of the hall to carry the chairs out.
②Will you help the woman with a baby in her arms to get off the bus?
2.dare作实义动词时，后面的不定式可带to，也可不带to。例如：
①He doesn't dare(to)say the truth.
②I'll dare him(to )jump down from the roof.
但dare前面有shall/should,will/would,has/had等助动词时，dare后通常省略to。例如：
①I shall not dare to go there again.
②He has never dared to ask me about it.