解答高考英语听力试题的技巧,本文主要内容关键词为:英语听力论文,试题论文,技巧论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。
高考英语听力试题在高考英语考试中占有非常重要的地位。首先,它有30分,占英语总分的20%;其次,它是试卷的第一部分,此时考生刚进考场,心情较难平静,容易紧张,给快速答题增加了难度;另外,英语听说对于非母语学生来说是个难点,没有长时间的训练难以取得很高的分数。因此,对于即将参加高考的学生来说,掌握一些听力试题的解题思路和应试技巧是必要的。以下从六个方面来谈谈高考英语听力试题的解题思路和应试技巧。
一、高考英语听力试题的选材特征
1.口语特征明显
例如句式结构简短、停顿、重复、犹豫等。例如我们常听到Hey! Hi! Ah.Well.Hmm这些较为常用的单词。
2.语境明确
听力材料的发生背景能够从话语内容、添加的背景音效中得以了解。一般对话的地点在机场、邮局、餐厅、书店等地。
3.内容相对独立完整
无论对话多短,它都表示了一个完整的意思。
4.说话人身份及对话双方关系较为明确
对话无论长短,双方的关系基本上从一开始就可以确定。通过听开始对话那方是如何称呼对方的,是如何打招呼的,我们可以知道说话人之间的关系。这也是考点之一。
5.信息量足
听力材料中内容丰富,能为考查提供充分信息,特别是最后的独白,包含内容较多。
6.不舍生词
与阅读要求不同,听力材料中一般不含生词。但人名、地名等专有名词仍可能出现。
7.内容“贴近生活、贴近学生”,不涉及过于专业性的问题
8.长短适宜
根据命题需要,第一节1至5段小对话一般为一至两三个回合;第二节第6至10段则要长一些。
二、高考英语听力试题要考查的主要内容
1.理解主旨、要意
这种题要求考生听懂语段的主要内容或主旨大意。听一段对话或者独白,最重要的是能够明白究竟在说什么,即对话的主题或中心思想。
2.获取具体事实信息(与话题中心相关)
如时间、地点、人物、数量、频率、年代、价格等。
3.推断说话背景、说话者之间的关系
4.理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
三、高考英语听力试题的命题原则
1.考点均匀分布
涉及所听材料的主要内容,不会只是集中在某一局部。
2.首句无题
一般提问不涉及开头句内容。
3.设题均为问答
没有完成句子的形式。
4.设题简明
为最大程度地考查听力,减少其他干扰,听力部分的问题与选项都尽可能简明扼要。
5.答案惟一
6.干扰有效
每个错误选项一定会对某一部分考生构成干扰。
7.选项平行,不相包容
四、高考英语听力试题的命题特点
1.所有问题都是特殊疑问句
即均以what,who,when,how much,how,where,why,which等疑问词开头,要求考生回答,没有填空题。
2.询问细节的题目基本上是有关数字、时间、年代、价格、尺寸、面料、颜色等
3.涉及到的主要问题可归纳为下面七个方面17个问题
A.询问细节,如:(1)What did the boy finally get?最后那个男孩买了什么?(2)What did the woman do last night?那位妇女昨晚干了什么?B.询问说话人之间的关系,如:(3)What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?两个说话人可能是什么关系?(4)Who is the woman mostprobably speaking to?那位妇女可能在对谁说话?C.询问说话人所在的地点,如:(5)Where are the two speakers?两个说话人在哪儿?(6)Where does the conversation take place?谈话在哪进行的?D.询问事情的先后顺序,如:(7)What is the first thing the man going to do?那位男士打算先干什么?(8)What is the woman going to do then?那位女士打算然后干什么?(9)What was the woman doing before she went home?那位女士打算回家前先做什么?E.需要进行分析、推断的,如:(10)What do we know about the man?对于那位男士我们知道什么?(11)What do we know about the train?那辆火车怎么啦?P.需要综合分析判断的。如:(12)What does the woman mean?那位女士是什么意思?(13)Which of the following can best describe the woman's feeling?下面哪一句能最好描述那位女士的感受?(14)What is the main purpose of the speech?演讲的目的是什么?G.有关情感方面的,如:(15)According to the speaker,how will students feel about the university life at its beginning?在说话者看来,大学生会怎样看待新的大学生活?(16)Why does the woman feel surprised?为什么那位女士感到惊讶?(17)How is the man feeling?那位男士感觉怎样?
五、听力试题应试技巧
高考英语听力测试与其他测试相比,有其特殊性。它要求考生从头到尾按顺序往下听,要在规定的时间内做出选择,没有回头看的机会。因此,掌握一些听力应试技巧,对于在考场上正常发挥水平,取得理想的成绩尤为重要。听力测试分以下三个阶段:
1.听前(Before-listening)平静的心态是取胜的关键
考生应提前10-15分钟进入考场,坐稳后应尽快静下心来。做听力理解时最重要的是“主动”二字。在每段录音未开始之前,抓紧时间速读相关的题干和选项,带着问题去听,既有针对性又省时。确定了听音的重点,使听音具有明确的方向性和选择性,从而提高答题的准确率。如湖北2004年卷第1题:What did the boy finally get? A.A colorful bike.B.A blue bike.C.A white bike.Text 1 W:Oh,so you've got a new blue bike after all.M:Well,I wanted a white one,not this color,but my Dad bought it for me.放音前如考生注意到三个选项中都有bike和表示颜色的形容词,那他必定会预测到下面将听到的是一段谈论不同颜色自行车的对话。有三个形容自行车颜色的单词在头脑中,听后选答案会很快。
2.听时(While-listening)在听音过程中,注意力要高度集中
如在选项上出现人名、地名、数字、年代等,必须作好记录的准备。如2005年全国卷Text 1-very nice skirts.How much are they? -Ten dollars each,and one dollar off if you buy two.They are on sale.How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts? A.$18.B.$19.C.$20.这题考的是细节问题。Ten dollars和one dollar、two虽然数字不大,但听时我们有必要写下来,以免忘记和混淆,and one dollar off if you buy two这句不长,口语特征明显,听懂这句是答对该题的关键所在。我们看看off这个单词,a particular amount of money off is how much the price has been reduced by If you buy more that ten,they knock 10% off.又如湖北卷2004年第二段:——Have you been here long? ——Well,just five days.We arrived on the 10th.——Will you be staying for some time? ——Yes,until the 22nd.How long does the woman plan to stay? A.About seven days.B.About five days.C.About twelve days.如在听前看到选项后我们应该马上意识到该做笔记了。在听的过程中five days,the 10th,the 22nd都是应该写下来的内容。我们不得不承认这道题出得很巧妙,录音材料没有直接告诉考生答案,我们必须算一算才能答题。(10号到达,22号离开,所以停留的时间是12天)
3.听后(Post-listening)听后与选择答案同时进行,听完每段对话或独白后,应迅速整理和回忆所听内容,要耐心检查,并且在最短时间内对答案做出判断
任何时侯都不要慌张,不要放弃,即使前面有的问题没能确定,等全部录音放完后再来做也不晚。切忌在一题上纠缠时间过长而影响后面答题。下面是2005年全国卷第8段材料的第10和12两个小题:(10) What are the speakers talking about? A.Popular sports events.B.TV programs people like.C.Things people do after work.(12) What do most people do in their spare time? A.Go to movies.B.Read books.C.Watch TV.You know,I just finished some very interesting research for the newspaper about things people do in their spare time.这是听力材料的第一句,偏长,即使没有完全听懂,结合第12问What do most people do in their spare time?我们也应经过分析、归纳后会回答第10题:他们在谈论工作之余干什么。
上面所讲的听力应试技巧,我们可以用六句话,24个字来概括一下,就是:心态平衡、主动出击、三管齐下、提前审题、作好记录、不放弃。所谓三管齐下,也就是眼、耳、手并用。
六、答题时还应注意的几个方面
一是注意综合分析所听内容。有时三个选项里的单词、短语从录音里都能听到,要想选对,必须是真正完全听懂句子。如2004年湖北卷:-Hi,Sue.I called you last night,but there was no reply,Were you out? -Oh,I' m sorry,Jeff.I went to the cinema with my sister.- Did you have fun? -Yes.The movie was about a foolball star.We really enjoyed it.What did the woman do last night? A.She saw a movie. B.She went to her sister' s.C.She watched a football game.如果没有完全听懂I went to the cinema with my sister,可能会选B或C,因I went to the cinema with my sister 和 The movie was about a football star 这两句里 sister 和 football 这两个单词作为干扰都出现在了选项里。(Text 4)-How was the party,Nancy? - Ah,do you like loudmusic,a lot of cigarette smoke,a small crowdedroom,and not enough food? What does the womanmean? A.She enjoyed the music at the party.B.Shedidn' t like the food at the party.C.She didn' t havea good time at the party.A,B选项里的music和food作为干扰录音里都曾提到,但是loud、a lot of、not enough这几个否定的形容词暗示了说话人的态度,吵闹的音乐,乌烟瘴气、拥挤的小房间,没有足够的食品,所以,我们得出结论:She didn't have a good time at the party.
二是注意如果选题遇到生词时,有时可用排除法,排除明显不对的选项,剩下的便有可能是正确的答案。这点与笔试技巧是一致的。
三是注意要有较强的语音辩别力。2004年湖北卷有一句:——Hi,Rose.I just came back to my office.I went out to lunch.Anything new? --Dan,I'd like you to come home.The storm is really teffible.What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A.Husband and wife. B. Son and mother.C.Father and daughter.这一段录音非常迷惑人。首先,人名Dan不仔细听可能会错误地以为是Dad,这样,答案便会是C;其次,录音里那位女性听起来也很像个女孩。
四是注意选择时一定要仔细分辨词义,如helpless,hopeless等这些看起来非常相似的词。
五是注意听音时没全听懂也不必着急。最后一段独白可能偏长、偏难,不能全部把所听的内容记下来,有时可根据常设,运用排除法来回答。如2004年湖北卷第18题:What will help the students to become clear about their own goals? A.Walking around the university.B.Understanding the university requirements.C.Getting used to university life.(Text 10) Congratulations,everybody.Welcome to our university! Starting university can be exciting on one hand,and can also be worrying on the other.No matter how you are going to learn,you have to make planes.In the first few months,spend some time walking around the university and find out what it is like.Do your best to get used to living here,and get to know your professors and classmates.Trying to understand what our university expects of you will help you to become clear about your own goals.During this time,you have,of course,to study hard to pass the exams,but what' s more important for you is to put some energy into learning how to learn.Think about what you want from the university,and how you can reach your goals.You' re sure to have some difficulties in your studies,and learning is not always a pleasant journey.Some of you may find your studies aren't exciting,and are thinking of stopping learning.In this case,just think it over before you make the decision,for learning is so important that it will change your future life.Our university can offer you real learning if you can make up your mind to go through with it.This is what I' d like to say to you at the moment.If you still have any questions,please come to my office.Thank you !什么能帮助学生清楚自己的目标?围着校园走?习惯大学的生活?当然不。只有了解了大学的要求,按照要求去做,才能达到目的,实现目标。没听清Trying to under stand what our university expects of you will help you to become clear about your own goals.这句本段独白里最长的句子也没关系,只要我们不慌,完全可能答对本题。